Nyob rau hauv ob- thiab peb-storey lub teb chaws cottages ib qho ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm sab hauv yog ntaiv. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau cov qauv no tau sib sau ua ke nrog tig ntawm 90 degrees. Kev suav ntawm cov ntaiv no muaj qee yam ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev tsim kho ntawm hom no, tau kawg, yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev ua raws li qee yam thev naus laus zis. Lub staircase nrog 90-degree tig yuav tsum xis thiab nyab xeeb siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv twg tuaj yeem sib sau los ntawm?
Tam sim no, hom ntaiv no tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv tsev, ua los ntawm:
- ntoo;
- metal.
Ob hom no yog nrov heev ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws tsev. Ntoo ntaiv feem ntau yog ntsia hauv cov tsev nrog classic lossis "folk" sab hauv. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj railings carved, pleev xim rau hauv cov xim sib txawv, thiab lwm yam.
Hlau stairs ua los ntawm galvanized steel yog ntsia hauv tsevdecorated nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov niaj hnub style. Cov qauv tsim nrog wrought hlau railings, zoo li ntoo sawv daws yuav, feem ntau muab tso rau hauv tsev nrog ib tug classic tsim.
ob ntau yam
Muaj ob hom hlau thiab ntoo ntaiv nrog 90-degree tig:
- tsis tu ncua nrog inter-march platform;
-
nrog cua tshuab.
Thawj hom kev nqa nqa yog feem ntau ntsia hauv chav dav. Xws li marches zoo li ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov li sai tau. Winder stairs nrog 90-degree tig yog mounted yog tias tsim nyog kom txuag tau qhov chaw me me hauv chav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no hauv tsev feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho ntxiv.
Ntxiv rau cov ntoo lossis hlau ib txwm muaj, hauv cov tsev ntiag tug suburban tuaj yeem ntsia tau thiab cov ntaiv modular nrog tig ntawm 90 degrees. Xws li cov qauv tsim tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv uas lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim rau qhov teeb tsa thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm yuav luag txhua chav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaiv no tau sib sau ua ke yooj yim heev.
Txoj cai tsim qauv
Thaum kos duab kos duab ntawm stairs nrog tig ntawm 90 degrees, nrog rau cov zoo tib yam, ib tug yuav tsum, ntawm lwm yam, coj mus rau hauv tus account raws li nram no yuav tsum tau ntawm SNiP:
-
qhov tob ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 28-30 cm;
- yog xav tau, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau me ntsis protruding rau pem hauv ntej (tsis ntau tshaj 2-3 cm);
- zoo kauj ruam qhov siab - 16-25 cm.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev taug kev lawv tus kheej yog suav tias yog 90-100 cm. Ntawm tus ntaiv no, ob tus neeg tom qab yuav tuaj yeem sib cais dawb - nce thiab nqis. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li lub peb hlis ntuj, piv txwv li, yav tom ntej nws yuav ua tau yooj yim txav rooj tog loj. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob hauv chav uas lub staircase tau teeb tsa, nws raug tso cai kom txo qhov ntsuas no mus rau 70 cm.
qauv kev nyab xeeb
Qhov siab ntawm txoj hlua yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tsev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, xws li lub tsev lub hnab ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 90 cm.
Thaum xam cov kauj ruam ntawm tus ntaiv, ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tsum siv tus qauv kev nyab xeeb:
2 kauj ruam qhov siab + lawv qhov tob=63 cm (tib neeg kauj ruam).
Yuav ua kom cov ntaiv hauv tsev xis nyob thiab nyab xeeb, lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm nws txoj kev taug kev yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 30 thiab ntau dua 40 degrees. Qhov siab ntawm txhua kauj ruam hauv cov ntaiv yuav tsum yog tib yam. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav nyuaj rau txav mus rau nws. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog qhov qis tshaj plaws. Nws raug tso cai ua kom nws ob peb centimeters siab dua lwm tus.
Qhov tob ntawm lub platform nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg tshaj li 1.2 m. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li ib tug qauv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nrog railings. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub qab nthab thiab cov kauj ruam saum toj yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 2 m.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev suav cov ntaiv nrog cov platforms
Cov qauv tsim teb muaj xws li:
- ob lub platform tig mus rau ib leeg ntawm lub kaum sab xis hauv90 degree;
- ob marches.
Feem ntau cov ntaiv no tau teeb tsa, suav nrog hauv tsev ob-zaj dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv xws li kev tsim, qhov ntev ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj qis yuav tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov cai, nws tsis tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke nrog qhov siab tsawg dua 3 kauj ruam.
Lub davhlau sab saud hauv cov ntaiv no feem ntau ntev heev. Tab sis ntau tshaj 20 kauj ruam yuav tsum tsis txhob ua nyob rau hauv nws. Feem ntau, qhov ntev ntawm lub davhlau sab saud hauv tsev staircase tsis tshaj 10-18 cov kauj ruam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsim lub staircase nrog 90-degree tig nrog cov platforms, ib qho yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias qhov dav ntawm lub tom kawg yuav tsum me ntsis loj dua qhov dav ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj.
Calculation
Thaum tsim cov ntaiv zoo li no, suav nrog rau txhua qhov kev taug kev. Qhov chaw faib rau 90-degree staircase hauv ib lub tsev feem ntau txwv. Yog li ntawd, thaum xam xws li ib tug tsim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov mus txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm marches thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm lub tom kawg. Raws li qhov no, cov duab kos tau tom qab kos.
Lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination yog txiav txim siab rau hauv tus account qhov chaw faib rau lub peb hlis ntuj. Yog hais tias, nrog lub qab nthab qhov siab ntawm 250 cm thiab lub qab nthab thickness ntawm 20 cm, nws yuav muab sib npaug rau, piv txwv li, 320 cm, kev xam yuav ua tau raws li nram no:
- 250 + 20=270 - txiav txim siab qhov siab ntawm lub platform sab saud;
- tgA=270/320=0.84 - slope angle tangent.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav siv lub rooj tshwj xeeb thiab txiav txim siab lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm kev xav. Nws yuav sib npaug rau qhov zoo tshaj 40 degrees. Txawm li cas los xijqhov chaw tsawg dua 320 cm hws xws li lub peb hlis ntuj yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tig tawm txias heev.
Paub qhov ntev ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov pom tsis zoo ntawm lawv qhov siab thiab qhov tob, yuav yooj yim los txiav txim.
Txheej txheem ntawm kev suav cov ntaiv winder
Cov qauv zoo li no, zoo li cov qauv zoo tib yam, tau kawg, yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim txav mus los. Winder cov kauj ruam hauv stairs nrog tig ntawm 90 degrees muaj cov duab ntawm lub trapezoid. Thaum tsim cov qauv zoo li no, ntawm lwm yam, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov ntev ntawm lawv sab luv yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 10 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, cov kauj ruam zoo li no yuav tsum muaj qhov tob. yam tsawg kawg 20 cm.
Xaiv ntaiv nrog 90 degree tig ntawm hom no, feem ntau tsis siv cov qauv, vim nws nyuaj heev, tab sis siv cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, cov duab kos duab lossis tsuas yog lub tshuab xam zauv online tshwj xeeb xwb.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov chaw teeb tsa?
Mount cov qauv, tau kawg, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm chav tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntawm cov phab ntsa ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug kev txhawb nqa rau cov kauj ruam ntawm lub qis lub peb hlis ntuj, thiab perpendicular rau nws - lub Upper ib. Qee lub sij hawm xws li ntaiv raug ntsia thiab tsuas yog nyob ib sab ntawm ib sab ntawm phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov kauj ruam ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj yog feem ntau txuas mus rau tom kawg, thiab ob qho kev txhawb nqa tau nruab rau hauv qab ib qho.
Tau kawg, yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw txaus txaus nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus ntaiv mounted hauv lub tsev nrog 90-degree tig kom koj tuaj yeem yooj yim mus txog nws. Hauv me meHauv tsev, cov qauv zoo li no feem ntau yog ntsia hauv chav nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev loj ntawm ib cheeb tsam loj, tig stairs kuj tau mounted nyob rau hauv lub halls. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nruab xws li nqa cov qauv hauv chav nyob, chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov menyuam yaus chav. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, cov ntaiv hauv tsev yuav tsum tau mounted nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas lawv tsis muaj kev pom ntawm sab hauv ntawm chav pw, da dej los yog chav dej.
Txoj kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov qauv steel
Metal stairs nrog 90-degree tig hauv lub tsev feem ntau yog npaj ua tiav, sib sau ua ke ntawm cov lag luam. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yog txoj kev tsim ntawm hom no, piv txwv li, cov neeg tua hluav taws. Cov ntaiv zoo li no hauv tsev ntiag tug tuaj yeem ua nrog lawv tus kheej tes.
Kev txhawb nqa rau cov qauv ntawm hom no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov channel. Raws li kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam, daim ntawm ib lub ces kaum nrog ib tug txee ntawm 40-50 mm yuav welded rau lawv ntsug nto. Qhov no yog ua li cas bowstrings.
txhawm rau sib sau cov hlua, cov ces kaum welded ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees yog txuas rau sab sauv, inclined ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov channel txhawb nqa. Platforms nyob rau hauv xws li stairs yog feem ntau ua lattice. Tib yam mus rau ntaiv. Cov qauv zoo li no tau sib sau los ntawm cov ces kaum thiab cov pas nrig ntawm 8 hli. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov platforms thiab cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ntaiv no tuaj yeem raug sheathed nrog lub rooj tsavxwm.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov ntaiv ntoo
Cov qauv zoo li no hauv cov tsev hauv tebchaws feem ntau yog sib sau los ntawm cov laug cam tuab. Rau qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kauj ruam, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 30 mm yog coj. Rau cov ntsiab lus ntsug uas tsis dais kev txhawb nqa,siv 25 mm board. Fasten cov kauj ruam mus rau lub peb hlis ntuj nkaus xwb nrog bolts. Self-tapping screws tsis siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no, cov kauj ruam ntawm lub staircase ntoo nrog tig ntawm 90 degrees tom qab ntawd sai sai sai.
Rau railing handrails, feem ntau yog siv lub rooj tsavxwm 4 cm dav. Qhov txheej txheem ntawm tus ntaiv no yog txuas nrog balusters ua los ntawm ntoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, studs los yog bolts yog siv raws li fasteners. Cov tom kawg yog npog ntawm theem kawg nrog putty npaj rau ntoo nrog sawdust.
Kev txhim kho cov ntaiv nrog cov platforms
Kev tsim kho ntawm hom no tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke nrog 90-degree tig ob leeg ntawm bowstrings thiab ntawm stringers. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub peb hlis ntuj kev txhawb nqa yuav yooj yim dav boards nrog kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam stuffed nrog tuav rau lawv. Thaum sib dhos xws li kev txhawb nqa, craftsmen siv lub tsev square. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau sau cov tuav ntawm lub bowstrings nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas tom qab installation lawv nyob nruj nreem vertically.
Stairs ntawm stringers yog qhov nyuaj dua los sib sau nrog koj tus kheej tes. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov laug cam yog thawj txiav raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb template, nyob ntawm seb qhov tob thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kauj ruam. Cov tom kawg yog txuas rau jagged grooves txiav nyob rau hauv lawv sab sauv.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev ntoo staircase nrog 90-degree tig feem ntau yog ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- kev txhawb nqa tau teeb tsa hauv qab lub platform qis, thiab nws cov ncej yog mounted;
- stringers lossis bowstrings ntawm qis qis yog txuas rau lub platform;
- khoom tab tom uariser thiab tread boards;
- kev txhawb nqa tau teeb tsa hauv qab lub platform sab saud;
- hlua lossis bowstrings tau teeb tsa ntawm lub platform sab saud thiab qis;
- khoom ntawm cov laug cam ntawm lub platform qis yog ua tiav;
- nce cov kauj ruam hauv qab thiab sab sauv.
Thaum kawg, lub platform sab saud yog sheathed. Tom ntej no, tus tswv mus rau lub installation ntawm railings thiab laj kab. Balusters ntawm cov ntaiv feem ntau yog ntsia ntawm txhua kauj ruam. Yog tias muaj menyuam yaus hauv tsev, lawv yuav tsum muab tso rau ntau zaus. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, ib tus yuav tsum ua kom paub tseeb tias tus menyuam tom qab tsis tuaj yeem lo nws lub taub hau ntawm lub balusters thiab tau daig.
Txoj kev ntawm winder qauv installation
Thaum sib sau cov ntaiv nrog 90-degree tig nrog cov kauj ruam tig, tau kawg, qee yam thev naus laus zis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Kev nqa cov qauv ntawm hom no kuj muaj ob txoj kev taug kev. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis muaj lub platform hauv qab. Nws yog hloov los ntawm ob peb winder trapezoidal kauj ruam. Feem ntau, tsis pub ntau tshaj 3-4 ntawm lawv suav nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntaiv.
Cov staircase yooj yim tshaj plaws rau hauv pem teb thib 2 ntawm hom no tau sib sau ua ke kwv yees li hauv qab no:
- tawm ntawm phab ntsa mus rau qhov dav dav, nruab ib qho kev txhawb nqa hauv qab lub peb hlis ntuj qis thiab cov kauj ruam winder;
- ib qho kev txhawb nqa thib ob muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa;
- hlua txuas nrog rau kev txhawb nqa;
- nce qib ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj;
- txiav thiab nruab cov kauj ruam winder;
- mount stringers thiab cov kauj ruam ntawm lub davhlau sab saud.
Tom ntej no, lawv sheathe lub sab sauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab mount lub railing.
Qee lub sij hawm xws li ntaiv coj mus rau hauv pem teb thib ob lossis mus rau lub qab nthab ncaj qha los ntawm lub qab nthab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv thawj theem, ib tug qhib yog txiav nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg. Stringers lossis bowstrings ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj sab sauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog txuas ncaj qha mus rau hauv pem teb cov qauv. Lub parapet ntawm xws li ib tug staircase yog ntsia rau saum pem teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub txiav tawm qhib. Qhov siab, zoo li lub railing ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 90 cm.
Stair decoration
Cov qauv tsim ntawm hom no hauv lub tebchaws lub tsev feem ntau zoo li ruaj khov. Npaj-ua hlau stairs nrog 90-degree tig feem ntau tsis xav tau kev tsim qauv ntxiv. Plank cov qauv ntawm hom no, tom qab sib dhos, yog ntxiv pleev xim los yog kho nrog cov ntaub ntawv pleev xim uas khaws cov qauv pom ntawm cov ntoo.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, cov tswv tsev muaj kev paub pom zoo kom siv roj lossis siv quav ciab los kho cov ntaiv. Cov kua roj vanish rau xim cov qauv no tsis pom zoo los ntawm ntau tus tswv. Thaum siv cov khoom no, cov ntaiv tom qab yuav saib pheej yig thiab tsis zoo nkauj heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub pua plag feem ntau tau muab tso rau ntawm kev taug kev ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Lub ntsiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntoo hauv tsev stairs feem ntau yog railing. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom lawv carved. Yog tias tsis muaj kev txawj txaus los ua cov ntoo zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom npaj ua tiav hauv lub khw.balusters. Cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsis raug nqi ntau dhau. Thiab cov ntaiv mus rau pem teb thib 2, yog tias muaj, yuav saib tiav thiab ruaj khov li sai tau.
