Corrosion yog txhais los ntawm Latin li "corrosion". Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm txhua yam khoom siv (ntoo, ceramics, polymer, hlau) raws li kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, txawm tias nws yog av, huab cua, dej (hiav txwv, dej, marsh, pas dej, underground) los yog lwm yam ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog hlau, lub sij hawm corrosion ntawm hlau yog hloov los ntawm cov generalized lo lus "rust". Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm oxygen corrosion ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv dej, hydrated hlau hydroxide yog tsim - zoo tib yam xeb.
Corrosion ntawm hlau ua rau kev poob zoo - rau Russia, qhov no yog ib xyoos ib zaug poob ntawm lab tons ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntau tshaj 10% ntawm kev tsim cov kav hlau txhua xyoo yuav siv tsis tau vim corrosion. Rau tib lub laj thawj, cov qauv hlau ntawm ntau cov qauv faus rau hauv av, tso tsheb hlau luam rau khaws cov roj thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv 3-4 xyoos yog tias lawv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm av-av corrosion. Hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas lus cables, hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj, lub tsheb hulls thiab lwm qhov chaw yuav raug corrosion.zog.
Av-av corrosion ntawm hlau yog cov txheej txheem electrochemical uas nyob ntawm yam xws li tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, lawv cov dej noo thiab huab cua permeability, hom hlau, nws cov uniformity, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom hlau..
Txhawm rau kom txuag tau cov hlau hauv av (dej, huab cua, lwm qhov chaw), koj yuav tsum paub cov laj thawj uas tuaj yeem ua rau xeb ntawm cov hlau. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qib ntawm cov av corrosion tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov qauv hlau los ntawm kev xeb, kev nthuav dav thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv cov av tau ua tiav.
Kev tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev xeb yog ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
1. nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov khoom siv (kev qhia txog corrosion-resistant ntsiab rau hauv alloys los yog, conversely, tshem tawm ntawm corrosion-accelerating impurities los ntawm cov alloy);
2. Kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau saum npoo los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig nruj (kev thov cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish ntawm cov hlau, insulating films, galvanic coatings);
3. Electrochemical tiv thaiv - nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug superimposed sab nraud tam sim no ntawm ib tug hlau qauv;
4. txo qhov aggressiveness ntawm ib puag ncig los ntawm kev qhia corrosion inhibitors (arsenates, chromates, nitrites), deoxygenation los yog neutralization ntawm ib puag ncig.
Cov txheej txheem no muab faib ua 2 pawg. Thawj ob txoj hauv kev yog ua ntej kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nyob rau theem ntawm nws cov qauv tsim lossis tsim khoom, thiabnws yuav tsis tuaj yeem hloov qee yam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lwm ob txoj hauv kev tsuas yog ua tiav thaum cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm, thiab nws tuaj yeem hloov kho hom kev tiv thaiv nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ib puag ncig uas tau hloov pauv.
Cov lus nug zoo li kev tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm kev xeb tseem cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, xav tau kev sib koom ua ke rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov qauv tsim niaj hnub, txhim kho cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv qub thiab txhais tau tias.
