Xim yog ib qho ntawm thawj zaug thiab tib lub sijhawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv los ntawm tus txiv neej. Lub siab xav kos duab tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg txij li thaum ancient sij hawm. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm paintings ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab ntawm lub qhov tsua nyob rau hauv lub ancient txiv neej nyob. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nws nrhiav los kho cov pob zeb grey siv ocher, charcoal thiab tsiaj cov ntshav.
Ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, tab sis tib neeg lub siab xav pleev xim tsis tau txo qis. Lawv siv zog hloov cov xim ntawm yuav luag txhua yam uas los ntawm lawv txoj kev. Tsheb thiab tsev, plaub hau, tsiaj plaub hau, thiab lwm yam yog pleev xim rau. Tias yog vim li cas tsis ntev los no tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no tau nce ntau zaus.
Tsis muaj kev kho yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj xim. Tab sis txhua tus neeg uas ua rau nws npau suav ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab rau lub sijhawm ntev, txoj kev ntawd rau nees nkaum xyoo. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias hom xim twg muaj nyob, lawv muaj dab tsi. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj xaiv cov khoom tiav uas yuav kav ntev li ntev tau.
Composition
Cov tuam txhab pleev xim muaj tsawg kawg pebtiv thaiv. Nws yog ib qho pigment, astringent thiab hnyav. Cov xim ntawm cov xim yog nyob ntawm thawj ntawm cov khoom no. Lub binder tsis tso cai rau cov txheej txheej thov kom crumble tom qab nws dries. Cov kuab tshuaj yog tsim los dilute cov xim tuab heev, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev thov. Feem ntau, ntau yam fixatives, stabilizers thiab lwm yam additives yog ntxiv rau qhov sib tov formulation.
Nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv thiab zoo, muaj ntau hom xim. Cia wb mus saib lawv.
Destination
Xim yog dab tsi? Hom ntawm cov khoom tiav no raws li lawv lub hom phiaj tau muab faib ua universal, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv. Yog li, cov xim siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov yog qhov tiv taus zoo heev rau ya raws, hnub ci, kub hloov pauv thiab lwm yam sab nraud. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj tshuaj lom heev thiab yog li txwv tsis pub siv sab hauv tsev.
Txhawm rau kho cov tsev thiab chav, yuav tsum muaj xim sib txawv. Nws yuav tsum tau tsim rau kev siv sab hauv tsev. Cov khoom siv no tsis tshua muaj siab rau sab nraud, yog li nws tsis yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv ntawm tsev.
hom thib peb yog universal xim. Cov hom ntawm thawj ob cov khoom tiav, raws li tau hais los saum no, muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Universal xim tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau sab hauv, tab sis kuj rau kev ua haujlwm sab nrauv. Nws yog dej-raws li thiab yog li tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom xyaw, tag nrho cov xim raug muab faib ua:
-roj;- emulsion.
Oil paints
Cov khoom tiav no yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsuj plig dawb, ziab roj, turpentine, roj av lossis cawv. Tag nrho cov tshuaj no yog cov kuab tshuaj organic.
Lub hauv paus yog dab tsi yog cov roj pleev xim koj yuav ua? GOST yuav pab kom nkag siab qhov no. Nws tswj cov hom ntawm cov khoom tiav, nyob ntawm seb hom foaming tivthaiv siv. Yog li, cov cim MA-021 qhia tau hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj pleev xim muaj cov roj kom qhuav. Yog tias MA-025 ua ke, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim zoo li no nyob hauv lawv cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Kev ziab, cov xim roj tso tawm tag nrho cov organic solvents hauv nws. Hauv tsev, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau qaug cawv.
Siv roj pleev xim rau ntoo, hlau, cement plaster, gypsum putty thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws rau ntawm cov dej-raws li emulsion txheej.
Roj pleev xim rau ntoo tuaj yeem siv ua primer. Ua li no, nws yog ntxiv diluted nrog turpentine, dab dawb, kerosene los yog lwm yam kuab tshuaj.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws. Nws tau siv rau qhov chaw tiav. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, lwm yam khoom siv niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov roj pleev xim tuaj yeem qhuav mus txog ob peb hnub, thaum tso cov khoom tsis zoo no rau tib neegpib mob taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem thov tsis tso cai rau saum npoo "ua pa". Qhov no ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thiab tev ntawm nws tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv (los ntawm peb mus rau tsib xyoos). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj kom qhuav tig daj, qhov chaw poob nws cov xim qub.
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, cov xim roj tseem tsim tawm niaj hnub no. GOST nruj me ntsis lees paub cov khoom tiav no, tsim nws ntau hom nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov lej thiab cov ntawv. Cov neeg muas zaub yuav cov xim pheej yig thiab pheej yig rau lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais thav duab, radiators thiab lwm qhov chaw. Nws kuj yog siv los ua primer.
YEmulsion pleev xim
Cov khoom tiav no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov fillers thiab pigments nrog dej. Thiab niaj hnub no nws yog nce siv nyob rau hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov xim no yog tias thaum nws qhuav, nws tsis tawm cov tshuaj lom. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim emulsion kuj yog nws cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Cov khoom siv no yooj yim siv. Ua kom qhuav, nws yooj yim ntxuav tes thiab cov cuab yeej.
Cov xim emulsion yog dab tsi?
Cov khoom tiav no tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Ntawm lawv yog cov xim: - silicone.
xim av
Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tiav qhov chaw sab hauv. Nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov ntaub ntawv,uas yog qhov xav tau zoo ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Cov xim pleev xim rau dej, tus nqi uas pheej yig heev rau txhua ntu ntawm cov pej xeem, yog siv rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tsim ib tug huab cua-permeable polymer zaj duab xis. Chav tuaj yeem dhau mus. Tab sis nws yuav tsis cia cov kua los ntawm. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom no yog nws qhov tawg thiab kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
Tsis zoo li cov xim pleev xim dej, cov xim pleev xim dej muaj dej ntau dua. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los so qhov chaw uas lawv tau siv ntau zaus nrog cov ntaub ntub dej.
Acrylic xim
Cov ntaub ntawv tiav no yog elastic thiab ruaj khov. Acrylic resins muab cov yam ntxwv zoo li no. Cov tshuaj no yog lub ntsiab binder tivthaiv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Acrylic hom xim muaj tus nqi siab, thiab yog li tsis yog txhua tus neeg yuav khoom xaiv lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo kawg nkaus. Tom qab ua tiav ziab, nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus txawm tias qhov hnyav tshaj plaws frosts. Cov xim acrylic muaj cov dej tsis zoo. Ntxiv mus, qhov ntsuas no loj hlob raws li qhov ntim ntawm acrylic resins nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg nce. Cov xim zoo li no zoo kawg nkaus tinted. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsim cov txheej txheej saum npoo uas tuaj yeem nyob tau ntau xyoo.
paj pleev xim rau
Qhov no yog hom kim tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam khoom siv dej ua tiav. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm xws li ib tug xim, uas muaj zog dej kuj, elasticity thiab lub zog, muaj latex. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv los npog ntau qhov chaw. Nws yuav zoo liphab ntsa thiab qab nthab uas yuav qhuav hauv 20-60 feeb.
YPolyvinyl acetate xim
Tsim lawv los ntawm PVA. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim zoo li no tau paub txog cov neeg siv khoom txij li lub sijhawm USSR.
Polyvinyl acetate cov khoom tiav - ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, lub teeb-tiv taus thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntxuav ntau zaus. Nws yuav tev tawm ntawm qhov chaw sai heev.
YSilicon paints
Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj no yog qhov tshiab thiab kuj kim. Silicone resins ua raws li kev khi hauv nws. Cov khoom no muab cov xim zoo nkauj dej tsis kam. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv silicone-raws li kev pleev xim rau txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog hlau.
Enamel pleev xim
Cov khoom tiav no suav nrog cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish. Raws li cov npe sib txawv, cov xim no tuaj yeem ua tiav. Hom enamel txheej muaj xws li ntau yam sib txawv hauv lawv cov npe. Cov no yog nitro enamels thiab enamel xim, nrog rau alkyd enamels. Tom qab lawv qhuav, matte los yog ci iab glossy zaj duab xis yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw, uas muaj lub zog siab. Ob peb txheej ntawm cov xim zoo li no yuav muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv coated los ntawm ntau yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud - hnub ci, kub hloov, thiab lwm yam.
facades
Cov khoom tiav no txawv ntawm cov siv rau sab hauv ntawm lawvsiab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv sab nraud ib puag ncig influences. Koj yuav tsum xaiv lawv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau kho. Ntoo, cib thiab pob zeb xav tau lawv tus kheej xim.
Hom kev txiav txim siab tiav cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm façade tau muab faib ua:
-silicate;
-acrylic; -silicone.
Silicate facade xim rau siv sab nraum zoov yog tsim los ntawm polymer dispersions thiab kua iav. Cov khoom no yog ruaj thiab txhim khu kev qha. Nws yog qhov vapor tshaj plaws thiab ua pa, thiab vim nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkaline nws tsis tso cai rau cov pwm thiab cov kab mob ntawm phab ntsa.
Cov xim acrylic rau lub ntsej muag muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm sab hauv. Lawv tiv taus ntau dua rau UV rays thiab huab cua, nrog rau kev sib kis tau zoo thiab tsawg heev.
Cov xim silicone tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov kev vam meej tshaj plaws thiab niaj hnub. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm silicate thiab acrylic tiav cov ntaub ntawv - UV tsis kam thiab elasticity.
Cov tuam txhab niaj hnub tseem muaj cov xim pleev xim rau facade perchlorovinyl. Lawv raug pom zoo kom siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov. Cov xim zoo li no tau txais los ntawm kev so perchlorovinyl hauv cov kuab tshuaj lossis xylene. Qhov kub ntawm qhov sib tov yog khaws cia ntawm qib xya caum degrees. Cov kuab tshuaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg evaporate thaum lub sij hawm ziab, thiab ib tug haum zoo zoo nkauj thiab tiv thaiv txheej tshwm nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw kho mob.
Perchlorovinyl cov xim tsis tso cai rau cov dej kom dhau mus rau qhov kawg. Lawv yog tsim los nrog lub siab saturation ntawm cov xim, uas kav los ntawm peb mus rau plaub xyoos.
Tikkurila Trademark
Hnub no, cov neeg siv khoom tau tshaj tawm cov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov xim pleev xim rau façade. Qhov no tsis tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom sawv ntsug. Lawv tsim cov ntaub ntawv tiav uas tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov xim tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv nws los ntawm av thiab noo noo, hluav taws xob ultraviolet thiab kub hloov. Tikkurila xim muaj tag nrho cov khoom no.
Lub npe ntawm tib lub npe, muab nws cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab plaub caug xyoo ntawm keeb kwm. Cov khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab no paub txog cov neeg siv khoom vim lawv qhov dav thiab zoo heev.
Nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia tias facade painting yog kim. Tias yog vim li cas cov khoom tiav yuav tsum muaj cov khoom zoo li no uas yuav tso cai rau nws los tiv thaiv qhov chaw kom ntev thiab ntseeg tau. Tikkurila xim muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li no. Nws tiv taus alkali, cuam tshuam thiab puas, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zais lub zog thiab siab vapor permeability. Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tso cai rau cov khoom tiav no los muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau lub ntsej muag rau kaum xyoo lossis ntau dua.
