Tsawg tus neeg paub tias ntau yam lilac zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hu ua Kev Zoo Nkauj ntawm Moscow (Kolesnikov xaiv).
Qhov no lilac decorates thaj chaw ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Nws loj hlob ob qho tib si hauv Buckingham Palace thiab hauv square ze US Congress (Washington). Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws hauv ntau lub tiaj ua si hauv ntiaj teb, thiab hauv botanical vaj. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lilac Garden ntawm Moscow, tib lilac, uas tau cog los ntawm tus creator ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus ntau yam ntawm lilac, tau khaws cia. Nws yog nrog tus txiv neej no uas tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws tau txuas nrog, nws tau ua ntau yam hauv nws lub sijhawm los tig txoj kev ntawm Lavxias lub nroog mus rau hauv qhov zoo nkauj lilac alleys. Soviet breeder L. A. Kolesnikov tsim ntau pua yam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lilacs. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws yog tus kheej qhia.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag no. Ntawm no peb yuav tham txog ib co ntawm lawv.
Quick reference
Lub genus Lilac ntawm tsev neeg txiv ntseej suav nrog txog 30 hom loj hlob hauv Iran thiab Asia (sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj). Lawv yog cov shrubsdeciduous, tsis tshua muaj evergreen, nrog cov nplooj yooj yim thiab ntau paj ntawm ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo, sau hauv panicle inflorescences. Lub peculiarity ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus aroma ntawm paj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub thawv ripen nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj-Lub kaum hli ntuj.
Hnub no, ntau tshaj 2,000 ntau yam tau tsim, uas txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm ob lub hav txwv yeem thiab paj, nrog rau cov xim ntawm inflorescences thiab qib ntawm lawv doubleness.
Cov kab lus nthuav tawm cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lilacs.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Tom qab Fabkis tus tswv teb Victor Lemoine tau tsim thawj ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag no nyob rau xyoo 1880, uas yog qhov pib ntawm nws txoj kev xaiv thiab dhau los ua tus qauv, ntau tshaj 2000 ntau yam tau tsim, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, cov uas muaj ib ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm LA Kolesnikova.
Cov ntau yam zoo tshaj plaws, raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv Is Taws Nem, muaj txog 80. Cov hom nrov tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam ntawm lilacs (duab hauv kab lus) yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo zoo nkauj thiab cov duab paj, nrog rau qhov loj thiab zoo li bushes.
Moscow Lilac Garden
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog Moscow (ze ntawm Cherkizovskaya metro chaw nres tsheb) muaj lub vaj zoo nkauj lilac, tsw qab thaum lub sijhawm paj. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lilac chaw zov me nyuam, nws tau pw nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes los ntawm aforementioned nto moo breeder Leonid Alekseevich Kolesnikov rov qab rau hauv 1954. Hais txog nws zoo, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv 1952 nws tau txais lub Stalin nqi zog rau nws ua hauj lwm. Hauv xyoo 1974, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Golden ceg khoom plig los ntawm International Society of Lilac Breeders.lilacs. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam bred los ntawm nws tau suav nrog hauv kev sau npe thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov kab lus nthuav tawm qee yam zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam ntawm lilacs: duab nrog cov lus piav qhia, nta, thiab lwm yam.
me ntsis txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lilac
- Xyaum txhua yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag nthuav tawm lub qab ntxiag ilv aroma, uas muaj ntau yam koom nrog rau lub caij ntuj sov.
- Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau lilacs qhib, tshav ntuj. Cov nroj tsuag yog unpretentious heev nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam. Nws tiv taus huab cua qhuav thiab kub zoo, nrog rau cov xwm txheej hauv nroog. Nyiam nruab nrab rau me ntsis acidic fertile tab sis tsis dhau qhuav av.
- Pruning Bush maj mam nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav txhawb nqa ntau flowering, thiab pinching sab tua tso cai rau koj kom tau ib tug compact crown.
- Cov hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm lilacs yog siv hauv kev tsim toj roob hauv pes. Lawv yog cov zoo ob qho tib si hauv ib qho cog thiab hauv pawg. Lawv kuj tau siv los tsim cov phab ntsa zoo nkauj thiab hedges. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 70-80 cm.
- Hauv bouquets, lilac sawv zoo dua thiab ntev dua thaum txiav cov ceg thaum sawv ntxov. Hauv qhov no, qhov kawg ntawm cov tua yuav tsum tau muab faib.
- Lilacs tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev faib cov hav txwv yeem, txheej txheej, ntsuab cuttings (ib lub hauv paus stimulator yuav tsum tau siv), grafting thiab stratified noob.
Lilac loj hlob hauv lub vaj muab qhov chaw zoo ntawm qhov tshiab thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua keob peb ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog sib txawv ntxoov ntawm paj thiab nrog txawv degrees ntawm doubleness.
Hauv qab no yog hom zoo tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam ntawm lilacs (duab nrog piav qhia).
- Amur lilac - tsob ntoo lossis tsob ntoo los ntawm 4 txog 5 meters siab (tseem muaj 10 meters). Fragrant paj, nyob rau hauv paniculate ntom inflorescences, muaj ib tug dawb xim nrog ib tug greenish los yog cream tint. Lawv tawg me ntsis tom qab (Lub Tsib Hlis-Lub Rau Hli) ntau dua li lwm yam lilacs, tab sis loj hlob sai. Haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov qus: Kauslim Teb, Tuam Tshoj (Northeast), Far East.
- Hungarian lilac yog tsob ntoo tuab nrog qhov siab ntawm 3 txog 7 meters. Lilac-pink paj yog heev qab ntxiag, Bloom nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis-Lub rau hli ntuj. Nws loj hlob sai thiab tsis muab cov xeeb ntxwv. Hauv cov qus, nws loj hlob hauv Carpathians thiab Transylvania. Cov duab zoo nkauj muaj.
- Suav lilac yog ib qho hybrid ntawm Persian thiab ntau lilacs. Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo yog 5-6 meters. Cov nplooj yog nyias, dai kom zoo nkauj. Lilac-liab paj paj yog heev qab ntxiag. Cov nroj tsuag blooms nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis-Lub Rau Hli.
- Cov lilac feem ntau yog ib tsob ntoo uas muaj zog heev luxurious txog li 4 meters siab (tseem muaj txog li 7 m). Nws loj hlob zoo hauv Tebchaws Europe (sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb). Ntxiv nrog rau daim ntawv tseem ceeb, uas muaj cov paj liab qab, muaj ntau yam ntawm dawb lilac thiab paj yeeb hauv kab lis kev cai. Blooms nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis-Lub rau hli ntuj. Nyob rau hauv qus, hom no hlob nyob rau hauv lub Balkans. Keeb kwm: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Qaib ntxhw (sab hnub poob). Nws muaj ntau yam ornamental ntau yam, kuj muaj hybrids.
- Lilac plaub hau lossis plaub hau - cog ntoo ntom ntom txog 4 meters siab. Fragrant liab paj nrog tsis hnov tsw ntawm privet yog sau nyob rau hauv pubescent, ntom panicles. Lub sijhawm Bloom yog Tsib Hlis-Lub Rau Hli. Keeb kwm: North Kauslim, Suav teb. Cov hom kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj.
- Persian lilac yog ib qho hybrid ntawm finely txiav lilac thiab Afghan lilac. Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo yog 2.5-3 meters. Cov ceg yog arched, nyias. Lilac-pink paj muaj qhov tsw tsis zoo rau lilacs. Blooms los ntawm Tsib Hlis mus rau Lub Rau Hli. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv Russia (txoj kab nruab nrab) cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm khov nyob rau hauv hnyav frosts. Qhov ntau yam no muaj ib daim ntawv zoo nkauj ntawm Alba nrog paj dawb.
Cov kab lus hauv qab no muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm ntau yam ntawm lilac.
Variety Jeanne d'Arc
Cov ntau yam no muaj qhov muaj zog aroma thiab luxurious flowering. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1902 los ntawm Lemoine. Shrub ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab (txog 2.5 meters) muaj ib tug dav pyramidal, sprawling duab. Cov buds yog cream hauv cov xim thiab ob lub paj dawb, uas tau sau nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig-puab inflorescences (15 cm), muaj ib tug qab ntxiag aroma.
Lilac blooms profusely rau 17 hnub.
Variety Marceau
Ntawm no txawv teb chaws ntawm lilac nrog cov paj loj, kuj tsim los ntawm Lemoine, tab sis xyoo 1913, kuj yog cov zoo nkauj. Lub siab shrub muaj ib tug nthuav crown. Buds thiab paj yog pleev xim rau hauvcov xim tsaus nti, tab sis lawv ploj mus rau xim liab. Lub aroma ntawm paj sau nyob rau hauv xoob, dav-pyramidal inflorescences (ntev 24 cm), nruab nrab.
Lub sijhawm ntawm cov paj me me yog li 15 lub lis piam.
Variety Mme Lemoine
Tsim los ntawm Lemoine hauv xyoo 1894, lub lilac nrog cov paj zoo nkauj. Lawv yog cov dawb thiab muaj ib tug muaj zog aroma. Sau nyob rau hauv inflorescences ntawm ib tug pyramidal duab. Lub xim ntawm buds yog greenish-cream. Bush yog erect, siab.
Profuse flowering kav 14 hnub.
Ntau yam Mrs Edward Harding
Ntawm cov lilac ntau yam, qhov no sawv tawm rau nws cov paj thaum ntxov thiab paj zoo nkauj. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1922 los ntawm Lemoine. Nws yog ib tug upright shrub ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab. Lub buds yog liab doog, ob lub paj yog pinkish-ntsuab. Cov tom kawg tau sau nyob rau hauv pyramidal inflorescences thiab muaj ib tug nruab nrab aroma.
Lub sijhawm paj yog kwv yees li 16 hnub.
Variety Sensation
Ntawm no lilac ntau yam muaj xim paj tshwj xeeb. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1938. Nws yog ib tug nruab nrab siab, upright shrub nrog reddish-ntsuab buds thiab faintly fragrant liab doog-rimmed paj. Inflorescences yog pyramidal, ntom.
Paj muaj ntau nrog lub sijhawm kwv yees li 16 hnub.
Paul Hariot ntau yam
Qhov ntau yam tau tsim los ntawm Lemoine hauv xyoo 1902. Nws yog ib tug nruab nrab qhov siab kis shrub. Lub buds yog liab-violet, thiab ob lub paj yog ntshav nrog ib tug nyiaj rov qab. Lawv muaj ib qho tsw qabsau nyob rau hauv nqaim pyramidal inflorescences.
Nyob ntxov paj, ntev txog 17 hnub.
Variety Sevastopol W altz
Nov yog ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub lilac. Breeders Z. K. Klimenko, V. N. Klimenko thiab V. K. Zykova tsim nws hauv Nikitsky Botanical Garden hauv 2013. Daim ntawv ntawm ib tsob ntoo tuab yog dav-pyramidal. Cov buds muaj xim liab-liab xim. Cov paj uas tsis yog ob npaug yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim liab-liab xim thiab muaj lub zog muaj zog. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv lub pyramidal panicle.
Lub sijhawm paj tawg - 15 hnub.
Variety Blue
Cov ntau yam muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj xim xiav. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1974 los ntawm L. I. Kolesnikov. Bush yog upright, siab. Lub buds yog lilac, paj yog lilac-xiav. Cov tom kawg tau sau nyob rau hauv pyramidal inflorescences thiab muaj ib tug nruab nrab aroma.
Paj muaj ntau nrog lub sijhawm kwv yees li 17 hnub.
Ntau yam kev zoo nkauj ntawm Moscow
Qee lub npe ntawm lilac ntau yam paub rau cov neeg ua teb. Piv txwv li, Kev Zoo Nkauj ntawm Moscow, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb lilac assortment. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1947 los ntawm L. I. Kolesnikov. Cov duab ntawm tsob ntoo yog dav-pyramidal, siab. Cov paj yog terry, pleev xim rau hauv pinkish-dawb xim, muaj ib tug nruab nrab aroma. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv openwork, dav-pyramidal inflorescences.
Lub sijhawm paj tawg paj ntau - txog 2 lub lis piam.
Variety Ntuj ntawm Moscow
Qhov no yog lwm hom lilac, bred los ntawm L. I. Kolesnikov (1963). Nws paj muajtsis tshua muaj xim xiav. Bushes ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab yog dav-pyramidal nyob rau hauv cov duab. Cov buds yog pleev xim rau hauv cov xim liab-lilac xim, ob lub paj ua ntshav-xiav. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv ntom, dav, pyramidal inflorescences.
Ntev paj - 23 hnub. Cov ntau yam muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau powdery mildew.
Txoj Teeb ntawm Donbass
Tsim los ntawm Soviet breeders (L. I. Rubtsov, N. A. Lyapunova, V. G. Zhogoleva) xyoo 1956. Lub buds ntawm no lilac ntau yam (saib daim duab hauv qab no) muaj cov xim liab doog tsaus, ob lub paj yog ntshav-lilac nrog lub teeb liab. Clustered nyob rau hauv nqaim pyramidal buds nrog ib tug muaj zog tsw.
Nyob ntxov thiab nplua nuj paj kav kwv yees li 20 hnub.
Variety Olimpiada Kolesnikova
Cov ntau yam tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1941 los ntawm L. I. Kolesnikov. Bush yog upright, siab. Cov paj yog ob npaug, liab doog-liab thiab tsw qab heev. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv openwork pyramidal inflorescences. Flowering ntxov nrog lub sijhawm txog 18 hnub.
Cov ntau yam muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov pwm pwm.
Ntau yam ntawm pygmy lilac
Dwarf lilac yog siv dav hauv kev tsim ntau yam paj. Lub compact thiab zoo zoo Bush zoo. Nws cov ilv inflorescences kav ntev me ntsis ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv loj. Hauv qab no yog cov hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg cog paj.
- Meyer yog tsob ntoo zoo nkauj. Nws qhov siab yog 1.5 meters. Cov nroj tsuag yog unpretentious. Cov ntau yam kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj: Meyer Polibin nrog lilac-pink paj, Liab Pixie blooming hauv lub Tsib Hlis nrogpaj yeeb inflorescences, loj hlob sai Bloomerang tshauv nrog ntshav paj (blossom ob zaug), remontant Jose. Meyer's paj yog aroma, lilac-liab, blooming nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis-Lub rau hli ntuj. Pom los ntawm Meyer hauv Suav teb, thiab niaj hnub no nws paub tsuas yog hauv kab lis kev cai. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia (txoj kab nruab nrab), ntau yam tuaj yeem khov rau lub caij ntuj no txias.
- Madame Charles Suchet muaj ib qho zoo heev - cov paj ntoo ntawm cov duab pyramidal dav muaj lub ntuj xiav xiav. Flowering tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis-Lub rau hli ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntau yam no kuj tsis muaj qhov zoo nkauj heev - tsob ntoo tuaj yeem raug kab tsuag thiab kab mob.
- Monge yog ib qho hybrid thaum ntxov Blooming Fabkis lilac nrog ci paj yeeb. Feature - tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 30 xyoo.
- Tus tauj ncov B alte yog tsob ntoo loj hlob mus txog 1.5 meters hauv qhov siab, nrog cov xim liab los yog paj yeeb paj yeeb paj uas ntom ntom npog lub crown.
Xyaum txhua yam ntawm lilac nthuav tawm tsis xav tau ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev saib xyuas. Lawv haum txig rau hauv ntau hom kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj.
Siv
Ntau tus neeg paub tias ntxiv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub vaj thiab chaw ua si, lilac tau siv dav hauv tshuaj, nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj tsw qab. Cov khoom lag luam npaj los ntawm lilacs tuaj yeem rov ua kom tshiab thiab elasticity rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Nyob rau hauv perfumery, txawm tias muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm lilacs, cov khoom xyaw no yuav luag tsim nyog nws qhov hnyav hauv kub. Qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseebtias tsuas yog 1 kg ntawm cov roj tsw qab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua ntau tshaj 40 lab lilac inflorescences, ntxiv rau, sau los ntawm ib hectares. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua kom tau txais cov aroma ntawm lilacs nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev dag, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov tsoos extraction txoj kev, uas yog siv los ntawm ancient alchemists. Yog li ntawd, cov creation ntawm perfumers, qhov twg feem ntau natural lilac aroma yog tam sim no, yog kim heev thiab raug ntaus nqi rau masterpieces.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau kev tsim cov naj hoom, lilacs tsuas yog cog hauv Fabkis lub nroog Grasse. Cov roj tsw qab uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yog muag rau cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws, uas, dhau los, tsim cov haujlwm tseeb ntawm kos duab.
Zaj lus
Tam sim no, zoo li ntau pua xyoo dhau los, cov nroj tsuag no, vim nws qhov tsis zoo rau cov xwm txheej thiab kev saib xyuas, nrog rau kev sib txuas nrog nws cov nyhuv zoo nkauj, yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov paj ntoo zoo nkauj. Lilac tau ntev tau siv dav hauv kev cog cov chaw ua si thiab vaj. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, ntev thiab ntau paj, rau lub qab ntxiag muag aroma. Cov lilac ntau, uas muaj ntau ntau yam, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim ntawm lub vaj thiab chaw ua si. Lwm hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lilacs kuj zoo heev hauv kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj.
