Lub hauv paus pib ntawm viticulture mus tob rau ntau pua xyoo. Raws li qhov tseeb archaeological cov ntaub ntawv, winemaking originates nyob rau hauv Middle East txog 8,000 xyoo dhau los. Tam sim no qhov kev lag luam no yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj rau ntau lub teb chaws nrog huab cua sov. Peb tuaj yeem hais li cas txog ntau yam ntau yam uas grapes tau txais. Muscat yog dav paub. Lub caij no, qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev sib cais, tab sis tag nrho pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog qoob loo.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau pawg no muaj txiaj ntsig rau lawv qhov tshwj xeeb musky aroma thiab siv ob qho tib si tshiab thiab rau kev tsim cawv. Muscats yog zus nyob rau hauv Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Ltalis, Fabkis, Crimea, Moldova, thiab lwm yam. Cov txiv hmab ntau tshaj plaws yog Muscat dawb (xub), Hamburg, dub, liab, Hungarian, Alexandrian. Cia peb nyob ntawm lawv txhua tus kom ntxaws ntxiv.
White Muscat
White Muscat, lossis xyab, tseem paub rau cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam hauv qab lub npe me me-Berry, Lunel, Frontignan, Tamyanka. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob ntau yam, feem ntau yuav originated nyob rau hauv Egypt, Syria los yogArabia. Nws yog tam sim no siv dav hauv Fabkis, Hungary, Spain, Ltalis, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria thiab Asmeskas.
Nov yog ib hom txiv ntoo nruab nrab thaum ntxov. Dawb Muscat hlob nyob rau hauv kwv yees li 140 hnub. Cov nroj tsuag yog qhov nruab nrab, cov pawg tsim ntawm nws muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 100 mus rau 450 g thiab qhov loj ntawm 13-17 cm los ntawm 10 cm, conical nyob rau hauv cov duab. Tsis loj berries (txog 1.5 cm inch thiab hnyav li 4 g) "sab" nruj heev rau ntawm txhuam. Grapes yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj suab thaj ntau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (18-25%). Nws yog ib qho kev paub zoo nrog cov yam ntxwv nutmeg tsw thiab aroma.
Ntawm cov tsis txaus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov cuam tshuam rau peas, qhov tseeb ntawm kev loj hlob, tsis kam tiv thaiv Frost thiab kab mob. Zoned ntau yam yog maj mam tsim, piv txwv li, Shatilov's dawb muscat (Siberian xaiv) hlob zoo nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab Siberia.
Pink Muscat grapes: ntau yam piav qhia
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib luag tseem hu ua Muscat Rouge de Frontignan, liab, Moscato rosso di Madera, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm cov dawb thiab supposedly tshwm sim ob peb centuries dhau los nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Tam sim no nws tau cog qoob loo hauv yuav luag txhua lub teb chaws tsim cawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau Fabkis, Portugal, Ltalis, Armenia.
Bunch ntawm Pink Muscat nruab nrab loj - 14-18 cm ntev thiab 7-10 cm dav. Nws muaj ib tug conical-cylindrical zoo. Berries 1-1.8 cm ntev thiab 1-1.7 cm dav yog tuab heev, sib npaug, pleev xim rau xim liab, muajmuaj zog wax txheej thiab pronounced nutmeg aroma.
Muscat liab txiv hmab txiv ntoo (daim duab saum toj no) tsis resistant rau mildew thiab rhiab heev rau oidium, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, powdery mildew. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness yog tsawg, tab sis adaptability rau ntau yam av tej yam kev mob thiab noo noo theem yog ntau dua piv rau yav dhau los ntau yam.
Black Muscat
Black Muscat feem ntau hu ua Kalyaba lossis Kayaba. Cov keeb kwm tseeb ntawm nws cov keeb kwm tsis paub, thawj qhov hais txog ntau yam hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 19th. Grapes nyiam huab cua sov thiab feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Sab Qab Teb ntawm Fabkis, nrog rau hauv Crimea.
Berry pawg yog qhov nruab nrab loj (txog 15 cm ntev), tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv muaj qhov zoo nkauj vim qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (txog 800 g). Cov berries loj hlob mus txog 1.9 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb. Lawv muaj cov duab sib npaug, tuab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, pleev xim rau hauv cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv tsaus xiav thiab npog nrog ib tug me me txheej ntawm wax txheej. Berries yog yus muaj los ntawm juiciness, qab zib thiab pronounced aroma. Dub Muscat txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv los ua raisins vim lawv cov ntsiab lus qab zib.
Cov ntau yam muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau yam kab mob rots thiab nplooj kab mob, tab sis rhiab rau nplooj kab mob. rhiab heev rau txias, tsis tshua muaj Frost tsis kam, picky txog av thiab noo noo theem.
Hamburg Muscat
Hamburg Muscat yog ntau lub rooj ntau yam uas tau siv davhauv Hungary, Fabkis, Tunisia, Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Romania. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj nyob rau hauv teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Argentina thiab qee lub tebchaws. Cov bunches ntawm grapes yog heev loj: lawv ncav cuag 18-20 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, 11-17 cm nyob rau hauv dav. Cov berries yog loj, raws li txoj cai, 1.2-2.6 cm ntev thiab 1.1-1.7 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, puag ncig los yog oval, nplua nuj xim liab-xiav nrog ib tug tuab wax txheej. Qhov nruab nrab hnyav ntawm ib pawg yog 170-260 g. Kab mob tsis tshua muaj siab, nyiam kub, xav tau ntawm cov av thiab av noo.
Hungarian Muscat grapes
Hungarian Muscat tseem hu ua Razdrob, Crocan, Vanilla. Qhov no yog universal ntau yam ntawm pej xeem xaiv, nruab nrab thaum ntxov (ripens los ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj kawg). Nroj tsuag yog txawv los ntawm kev loj hlob vigor, zoo ripening ntawm tua, ruaj khov yields (los ntawm nruab nrab mus rau siab). Cov pawg ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov ntom ntom, cov duab conical. Cov berries yog puag ncig, ntsuab-daj nyob rau hauv cov xim nrog ib tug xim av "tan", tuab daim tawv nqaij, ntom thiab crispy nqaij. Muscat Hungarian yog rhiab heev rau av thiab huab cua noo. Nrog dej ntau dhau, berries sai sai ua pwm los yog tawg. Cov ntau yam yog siv los ua cawv thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov yam ntxwv nutmeg aroma.
Muscat ntawm Alexandria
Muscat txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Alexandria tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ancient Arabia, tam sim no ntau yam yog dav nyob rau hauv Spain, Greece, Ltalis, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Fabkis. Ib tug ntau yam rooj grape uas tsim lojxoob pawg (15-20 cm ntev, 10-13 cm dav) hnyav txog li 230-240 g. Loj berries yog oval, daj (nrog ib tug ntsuab tint thaum tsis tag nrho ripe) thiab matte nto nrog xim av "tan" me ntsis. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pulp yog fleshy, ntom thiab muaj kua nrog lub zog nutmeg tsw.
Qhov ntau yam yog lub caij ntuj no tsis tshua muaj zog thiab tiv taus cov kab mob, qhov tseeb rau cov av. Muscat ntawm Alexandria loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm fertile thiab moderately moist av. Los ntawm kev teem caij nws yog universal, siv rau ua wines, compotes, jams, kua txiv, raisins.
Muscat wines
Cov neeg uas nyob deb ntawm viticulture, thaum hais txog cawv, feem ntau Muscat tuaj rau lub siab ua ntej. Grapes, cov lus piav qhia ntawm qhov uas peb tau nthuav tawm saum toj no, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm ntau yam nplua nuj. Hais txog kev muaj koob meej, Muscat tsuas yog ua ntej Isabella.
Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau paub txog nws cov nplua nuj thiab ci saj, nws txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd. Nws yog nyob rau hauv wines uas Muscat manifests nws tus kheej feem ntau tag nrho thiab muaj zog. Ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws nutmeg haus yog hu ua Asti. Dawb sparkling caw yog tsim nyob rau yav qab teb Piedmont (Ltalis). Nws yog tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm White Muscat, thaj av qub tshaj plaws.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tebchaws tuaj yeem khav ntawm lawv cov cawv txiv hmab zoo nkauj Muscat ib zaug. Hauv Fabkis, cov no yog Bom de Venise (dawb, fortified), Mirval, Lunel, Frontignan, Cap Corse (los ntawm Corsica). Sunny Ltalis muab wine lovers daj-golden "Moscato Giallo" lossis "Goldmuskateller", Spain - "Moscatel" (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov Malaga), Tebchaws USA - Muscat "Orange", Tim Nkij teb chaws - "Samos", Crimea - lub npe nrov "Massandra".
