Ntsuab beets. Noob, cultivation

Cov txheej txheem:

Ntsuab beets. Noob, cultivation
Ntsuab beets. Noob, cultivation

Video: Ntsuab beets. Noob, cultivation

Video: Ntsuab beets. Noob, cultivation
Video: Part 1: Tshuaj pab hlwb ua hauj lawm zoo thiab ntau yam.🧠🧠🧠 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Fodder beet yog ib yam zaub uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv rau kev pub tsiaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov nyuj thiab nyuj, yog ib txoj kev zoo ntawm kev nce cov mis nyuj hauv nyuj thiab tshis.

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, thaum kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov tsiaj feem ntau yog cov kaus poom thiab cov khoom noj qhuav, cov qoob loo hauv paus muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov kab kawm thiab cov vitamins. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, ntxiv rau cov hauv paus qoob loo, cov saum tseem tau noj.

Fodder beet yog zaub noj qab nyob zoo, uas muaj ntau ntawm pectin thiab minerals, vitamins thiab yooj yim digestible carbohydrates. Qhov no yog tsob ntoo biennial, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas ncav cuag 15 kg.

keeb kwm me ntsis

zaub mov beet
zaub mov beet

Cov kua zaub beet, nrog rau lub rooj beet thiab qab zib beet, pib los ntawm cov beets qus uas loj hlob hauv North Asia thiab Far East. Thaum pib, kab lis kev cai no tsis tau muab faib ua subspecies, thiab yog li ntawd tsuas muaj ib lub npe - beets. Keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm fodder ntau yam raws li ib tug ywj siab ua liaj ua teb kab lis kev cai muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

German peasants thaum ntawd pom tias yog koj pub nyujbeets, ces nws cov kua mis tawm los nce ho, thiab cov mis nyuj nws tus kheej ua ntau tastier. Nws yog lub sijhawm no lub sijhawm uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov qoob loo xws li fodder beet. Tsis ntev, cov kws tshaj lij tau pib kawm txog qhov tshwm sim no. Thiab txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, fodder beets tau dej nyab tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe.

Ntsuab beet ntau yam

Beet cag loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim, duab thiab qib ntawm immersion nyob rau hauv av. Nyob ntawm cov kev txwv tsis pub dhau, fodder beet muab faib ua ntau yam hauv qab no:

  1. Cov duab conical ntawm cov zaub, uas txog li 80% ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov hauv paus hniav nyob hauv av (beet Uman semi-qab zib, Poltava semi-qab zib);
  2. Elongated-oval zoo ntawm cov zaub thaum 50-70% ntawm nws qhov ntev yog nyob rau hauv cov av (Winner);
  3. Cylindrical zoo li zaub, thaum hauv av yog los ntawm 25 mus rau 40% ntawm qhov ntev (Ekkendor yellow beet, Poltava white beet);
  4. Cov duab sib npaug ntawm cov zaub, uas feem ntau ntawm cov cag qoob loo yog nyob rau saum npoo.

Qhov muaj zog thiab zoo dua tsim lub dav hlau ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, yooj yim dua cov zaub tolerates drought. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws fodder beet ntau yam yog: Eckendorf Daj, Centaur Poli, Oberndorf Liab.

Txoj kev cog qoob loo tig

Nyob rau hauv fodder qoob rotations, qhov zoo tshaj plaws predecessors ntawm fodder beet yog cereal-taum sib tov, pob kws rau silage, melons thiab gourds. Hauv kev sib hloov teb, nws raug nquahu kom cog beets nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas txhua xyoo legumes, kab qoob loo thiab lub caij ntuj no nplej tau nyob yav dhau los.

fodder beet ntau yam
fodder beet ntau yam

Raws li kev xyaum qhia, cov qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws tau txais thaum rye, hom qoob mog, peas, pob kws thiab zaub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov qoob loo xyoo tas los. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau tso fodder beets tom qab ntau yam perennial grasses. Nws raug tso cai xa cov qoob loo no rov qab rau daim teb dhau los tsis pub dhau 3 xyoos.

Nco noob

Beets yog cov nroj tsuag uas cov noob tuaj yeem tau txais tsis pub dhau 2 xyoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, nws tsim saum thiab cov hauv paus hniav, thiab xyoo tom ntej, thaum cog zaub, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov noob txiv ntoo uas haum rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov hauv paus hniav uas yuav siv rau cov noob yuav ruaj khov thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Thaum lub beet stalk pib qhuav tawm, cov zaub yog khawb thiab ces dai nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm cua. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, beets yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom txog thaum lub qia ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog kiag li qhuav. Tom qab ntawd, cov noob yuav tsum tau khaws thiab qhuav rau hauv ib lub hnab ntawv me me.

Soil npaj

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm fodder beet yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cog cov zaub no rau ntawm cov xuab zeb, marshy thiab av nplaum yuav tsis coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Stony av kuj tsis tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov cag qoob loo.

Favorable rau tau txais ib tug zoo sau ntawm fodder beets yog suav hais tias yog cov av nrog ib tug me ntsis acidic, nruab nrab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab me ntsis saline xau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov zaub no cog rau hauv thaj chaw nyab xeeb thiab nplua nujchernozems.

zaub mov beet cultivation
zaub mov beet cultivation

Cov nroj tsuag xav tau ntau heev ntawm thaj av fertility, thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev txhim kho ua ntej ntawm cov av. Tsuas yog nrog kev npaj raws sijhawm ntawm thaj av tuaj yeem suav nrog cov tsos ntawm cov phooj ywg zoo. Yog li, fodder beet, kev cog qoob loo uas paub ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb, xav tau kev npaj av ntawm thawj theem ntawm cog.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem thaj chaw overgrown nrog cov nroj tsuag thiab pub dawb rau kev npaj seedbed. Txoj kev weeding yuav pab kom tshem tau cov nroj tsuag nrog dicotyledonous txhua xyoo (quinoa, nqaij qaib millet, amaranth) thiab cereal weeds. Nws yog ib qho ua tau kom pub dawb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm perennials xws li wheatgrass lossis thistle nrog kev pab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob tas li (Roundup, Buran, Hurricane).

Fertilization

Rau lub caij nplooj zeeg khawb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv cov chiv ua chiv lossis cov chiv chiv chiv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus nqi ntawm 35 tons ib 1 ha. Ntoo tshauv kuj yog cov chiv zoo heev, uas yog siv rau hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 5 centners ib 1 ha.

Ua ntej cog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau plows thaj chaw nrog kev siv nitroammophoska. Tsis tas li ntawd, kab lis kev cai xav tau phosphorus thiab potash chiv. Tom qab tag nrho cov manipulations ua tiav, cov av yuav tsum xoob, finely cloddy thiab me ntsis moist.

Lub caij cog qoob loo ntawm fodder beet txawv ntawm 125 mus rau 150 hnub, thiab yog li ntawd cog pib thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav, txij li hnub kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis mus txog rau nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis. Nws raug nquahu kom tseb cov zaub no thaum cov av nyob ntawm qhov tob12 cm twb sov txog 5-7 degrees.

zaub mov beet loj hlob
zaub mov beet loj hlob

Ua ntej cog, cov noob yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem khaws lawv rau ib nrab ib teev nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm manganese. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws yub ntom ntom, lawv cov kev kho mob ntxiv nrog kev loj hlob stimulants yuav pab tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov noob tom qab cov txheej txheem ntub dej yuav tsum tau qhuav me ntsis.

Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj, nws yuav tsum tau ua grooves nrog kab sib nrug ntawm kwv yees li 60 cm. Cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau sown rau qhov tob ntawm 3 cm, thiab 14-15 noob yuav tsum poob rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib kab 'meter' (kwv yees. 150 g ntawm noob yuav xav tau ib puas square metres ntawm thaj av).

Lub txaj yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab tos thawj zaug. Yog hais tias hauv av qhuav, ces nws yuav tsis yog superfluous rau compact nws nrog ib tug du roller. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov dej noo los ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tuaj yeem txav ze rau ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 8 degrees, qhov nruab nrab, sprouts yuav tshwm sim tom qab 12 hnub, tab sis yog tias qhov kub thiab txias tshaj 15 degrees, tom qab 4 hnub.

Txoj kev saib xyuas

Foder beet, kev cog qoob loo uas yog kev kos duab tiag tiag, txhim kho qeeb heev hauv thawj lub hlis tom qab germination. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm no yog cov txheej txheem thinning, uas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm ob peb nplooj tseeb. Yog li, ntawm ib kab 'meter' yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 5 sprouts, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov tsawg kawg yog 25 cm.

fodder beet zoo li cas
fodder beet zoo li cas

Ib txhij nrog dej pom zoopub cov sprouts nrog ammonium nitrate, raws li nram no: 12 g ib 1 linear meter. Tom qab 2 lub lis piam, yuav tsum tau hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus nrog ntxhia chiv.

Fodder beet yog cov dej noo-hlub, thiab yog li kev ywg dej muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov loj ntawm cov cag qoob loo tawm thiab, vim li ntawd, ntawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig qhia. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib hlis ua ntej qhov kev cia siab pib hnub ntawm kev sau qoob loo, qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov kua txo qis, vim tias cov zaub pib sau cov teeb meem qhuav.

Ntxiv rau, cov qoob loo hauv paus fodder feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab vim muaj kab mob hnyav feem ntau tsis tau txais los ntawm 30 mus rau 80% ntawm cov qoob loo. Yog li ntawd, tsis tu ncua kab sib nrug yog tus yuam sij rau kev vam meej fodder beet cultivation.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov - thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, fodder beet nres tsim cov nplooj tshiab, thaum cov laus pib maj mam tig daj, thiab tom qab ntawd tuag. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo hauv paus kuj nres, thiab cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem ua rau cov zaub tsis zoo.

zaub mov beet noob
zaub mov beet noob

Fodder beets, uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nyiam thaij duab, yog li khaws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, raug tshem tawm ntawm lub txaj thaum Lub Kaum Hli, ua ntej thawj Frost. Sau, khawb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo me ntsis nrog duav los yog pitchfork. Rau kev khaws cia ntev, cov zaub mov beets raug ntxuav ntawm adhering lub ntiaj teb thiab saum thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub qhov av los yog cellars ntawm qhov kub ntawm 3 mus rau 5 degrees.

zaub mov beet. ib daim duab
zaub mov beet. ib daim duab

Tsis paubTsis tsuas yog hais txog dab tsi fodder beet zoo li, tab sis kuj yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib tug zoo qoob loo ntawm no zaub, txhua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev stocks ntawm fodder rau lub caij ntuj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau lub caij txias, kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev lom zem tiag tiag rau tsiaj.

Pom zoo: