Ib-zaj tsev muaj tsev: hom, nta thiab kev tsim cov qauv

Cov txheej txheem:

Ib-zaj tsev muaj tsev: hom, nta thiab kev tsim cov qauv
Ib-zaj tsev muaj tsev: hom, nta thiab kev tsim cov qauv

Video: Ib-zaj tsev muaj tsev: hom, nta thiab kev tsim cov qauv

Video: Ib-zaj tsev muaj tsev: hom, nta thiab kev tsim cov qauv
Video: 4-28-20 tsheej moua puas yog ib lub zoo tswv yim ua koj coj nws los nrog neb nyob 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Hauv kev tsim kho, ib-zaj dab neeg cov tsev nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Lawv muaj ib co yam ntxwv nta. Ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev (SHI) tuaj yeem xa mus rau ib lossis lwm hom. Qhov no txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, thaj tsam. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsev zoo li no yuav raug tham kom ntxaws hauv qab no.

txiaj ntsig

Kev tsim kho ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam muaj ntau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.

reinforced qhob ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev
reinforced qhob ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev

Qhov no txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom zoo li no. Cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm HMO yog:

  • Raws li kev tsim kho tshuab, lawv yog universal. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov spans loj, uas muab kev xaiv loj ntawm kev npaj daws teeb meem. Lawv hloov tau yooj yim dua thiab txawb, uas tso cai rau koj kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg tuaj yeem tiv taus lub nra loj hauv pem teb. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom tso ntau tus lejCov cuab yeej siv tshuab loj, cov kab ntau lawm, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab.
  • Lub tsev yog compact, uas tso cai rau kev thaiv ntau tshaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, overhead teeb pom kev zoo yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tov.
  • Nrog tus tsim kom raug ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam, nws muaj peev xwm muab tau ib theem txaus ntawm ntuj teeb, cua tshuab. Rau qhov no, xws li tshuab yog tsim los ntawm lub ru tsev. Nws ib txwm khiav mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
  • Ua haujlwm zoo, ua haujlwm yooj yim dua. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem siv ob hom tsheb hluav taws xob lossis roj av, nrog rau cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm cranes.
  • Kev sib txuas yooj yim yog tsim los ntawm cov chav. Lawv yuav tsuas yog kab rov tav. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev thauj mus los yuav tsawg heev. Cov neeg taug kev sib txuas lus kuj yuav yooj yim dua. Lawv feem ntau tau nruab rau theem ob, vim nws yuav tsum tsis suav nrog lawv cov kev sib tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom thauj. Qhov no ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom zoo dua thiab nyab xeeb dua.
  • Kev tsim kho kev lag luam tau yooj yim, uas tso cai rau kev sib koom ua ke yooj yim dua, txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qauv tsim. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom ceev cov txheej txheem tsim kho. Lub installation ntawm lub thav duab ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv parallel, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Lub hauv ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov no yog qhov dav.

Tab sis qhov nthuav tawm ntau yam ntawm cov tsev lag luam muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Koj yuav tsum kawm txog lawv ua ntej pib tsim kho thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev.

Flaws

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev teeb tsa ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj vaj tse tsis yog ib txwm ua tau.

kev tsim kho ntawm ib-storey industrial tsev
kev tsim kho ntawm ib-storey industrial tsev

Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb hauv qab no:

  • Txhawm rau sib sau ua ke ntawm ib lub tsev tsim khoom, koj yuav tsum xaiv thaj chaw tiaj tus zoo kawg nkaus. Lub struts ntawm no yuav tsum tiaj tus. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov av fertile uas siv los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb.
  • hom kev tsim kho no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov nqi siab kom ntseeg tau tias tsim nyog nyob hauv tsev. Qhov xav tau ntau dua yog muab tso rau ntawm microclimate. Lub tshuab cua sov muaj zog tau nruab rau ntawm no, thiab nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau tsim kev tiv thaiv kev kub dhau thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Vim li no, cov nqi khiav lag luam yuav siab heev. Nws yuav xav tau kev siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb los ua qhov no, txij li thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb.
  • Muaj huab cua loj ib square meter.
  • Thaum xam ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam, lub koom haum tsim kho nteg cov nqi tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kom muaj qhov cua zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, cua sov thiab cua txias. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev npaj thiab tu lub ru tsev. Yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom yuav raug puas tsuaj.
  • Kev ntxuav cov teeb pom kev hauv tsev yog qhov nyuaj heev.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus, ib-zaj dab neeg kev tsim kho hauv tag nrho cov huab hwm coj yog los ntawm 70 txog 75% hauv ntau thaj tsam. Xws li tsimfeem ntau nyob rau hauv cov sectors ntawm metallurgy, hnyav engineering, tshuaj, zog, zaub mov industries, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog vim lub versatility ntawm xws li lug, lawv haum rau yuav luag txhua hom ntawm ntau lawm. Tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog cov nroj tsuag flotation, mills thiab lwm qhov chaw nqus dej. Kev txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av.

Ntau yam qauv

Lub thav duab ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv sib txawv.

ncej ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg industrial tsev
ncej ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg industrial tsev

Cov qauv zoo sib xws hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  • Ib ntu. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj vaj tse. Niaj hnub no, thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv zoo li no tau ua kom zoo dua qub. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav dav ntawm ib qho kev nthuav dav ib-storey tsev.
  • Multi-span. Hom kev lag luam no tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1880. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub Moscow crane tau tsim, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov qauv zoo li no. Niaj hnub no, ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia ib-zaj dab neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev lag luam.
  • Cellular. Hom kev tsim kho ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam no tseem hu ua cellular. Qhov no yog ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab hauv pawg no ntawm kev tsim kho. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim tsim muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv vim qhov nce qib ntawm kev xav tau thev naus laus zis.
  • Tshuaj. Hom nocov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev xav tau kev lag luam. Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li lwm hom tsev. Xws li tej yaam num ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam vaj tse tso cai ntau ua tiav kev siv ntawm ntuj teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug dav nruam tsev. Niaj hnub no, nws yog cov txheej txheem uas yog tus qauv thiab lees paub lub cim ntawm cov tsev lag luam.
  • Monoblock cog. Txhua lub tsev khaws khoom, kev tsim khoom, chav siv hluav taws xob hauv qhov tsim no yog sib cuam tshuam.

Frame Varieties

Kev teeb tsa ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam hauv tsev feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Rau qhov no, khib-thiab-nqaj qauv ntawm ib hom kev sib koom ua ke yog siv. Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ib ntus, spacer (arched) thiab thav duab qauv feem ntau siv.

installation ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev
installation ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev

Vaults, domes, folds thiab shells yog longitudinal thiab transverse yam ntxwv. Cov ncej txhawb nqa tuaj yeem yog peb hom:

  • reinforced concrete;
  • steel;
  • ntoo.

Cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam yog cov kab, thiab cov hlua khi thiab kab teeb yog ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis ntoo.

Qee lub sij hawm tus ncej yog ua tsis tiav. Cov phab ntsa hauv qhov no yog ua los ntawm pob zeb. Ncej hom raug xaiv raws li cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

  • span nta;
  • load peev thiab hom khoom siv hauv khw;
  • degree ntawm aggressiveness ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom;
  • qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws;
  • technicaleconomic indicators;
  • lwm.

Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv, qhov loj ntawm qhov spans, qhov siab ntawm lub tsev thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm txhua kab yog muab rau hauv tus account. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim kho ua haujlwm nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm tus ncej. 60% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm kev tsim kho yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv cov tsheb thauj mus los rau qhov chaw tsim kho. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub no yog los txo cov khoom siv, nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv. Vim li no, cov vaj tse uas muaj zog ntxiv ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam tau maj mam muab txoj hauv kev rau cov hlau sib dua.

Frame details

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm assembling cov qauv ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj tsev, builders sib sau ua ke transverse thiab longitudinal structural ntsiab. Thawj qeb suav nrog txhua kab, kab teeb, arches, trusses, thiab lwm yam Longitudinal ntsiab yog crane, foundation, strapping beams, truss lug, ru tsev thiab slabs.

kev tsim kho ntawm ib-storey industrial tsev
kev tsim kho ntawm ib-storey industrial tsev

Cov qauv kabmob tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm spatial schemes. Cov no tuaj yeem yog domes, arches, plhaub, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si longitudinal thiab transverse ntsiab.

Yog hais tias tus ncej muaj joists, nws muaj cov ncej transverse. Pem teb slabs yog mounted rau lawv crossbars. Ncej thav duab kuj tau sib dhos los ntawm kab ntsug, kab rov tav kab. Ntawm cov nodes lawv txuas rau ib leeg. Crossbars yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj cov qauv hauv cov kev taw qhia no. Cov slabs uas ua rau cov plag tsev,ntsug steel ties, crane beams kuj ua haujlwm zoo sib xws, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia longitudinal.

Thaum tsim lub tsev, cov khoom thauj yuav tsum raug xam. Yog hais tias lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kab rov tav kev taw qhia, crossbars yog mounted, uas yog rigidly tsau rau cov kab. Ntawm no, longitudinal thav duab thav duab yog tsim. Yog tias tsim cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, nws tsis siv cov kab hauv pem teb. Nws muaj cov kab ntsug nrog cov peev, nrog rau cov slabs so ntawm lawv.

Scope of application

Lub tsev muaj ib-zaj dab neeg muaj qee qhov kev ua haujlwm, uas nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev. Yog tias koj xav tau qhov chaw tsim khoom loj yam tsis muaj kab, xaiv lub pavilion-hom qauv. Cov no yog ntau yam vaj tse nrog ib tug saj zawg zog layout. Qhov no tso cai rau koj hloov kho ntau lawm, hloov nws cov kev taw qhia.

project ntawm ib-storey tsev industrial
project ntawm ib-storey tsev industrial

Hall ntau yam ntawm BHP tso cai rau koj tso cov cuab yeej yooj yim dua, muab sijhawm ntau rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom zoo li no yuav pheej yig dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev pom zoo microclimate thiab kev huv huv zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Ntau-npaum, ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam vaj tsev muaj xws li cov khoom sib txuas sab hauv. Lawv tau sib cais los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm cov kab longitudinal. Qee qhov spans tuaj yeem nce siab tshaj lub ru tsev. Raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov khoom sib cais tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev faib tawm. Lawv ua hauj lwm tib lub sij hawm.landmarks nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm internal chaw. Hom FPV no yog siv rau cov kab ntau lawm nrog cov txheej txheem ntshiab ntws. Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm cranes kuj tuaj yeem nruab ntawm no.

Cell cov tsev rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam tsis muaj qhov tsim kom pom tseeb. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev loj heev. Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm cranes tsis siv. Kev thauj mus los hauv kev cob qhia tuaj yeem yog pem teb-mounted lossis raug tshem tawm. Qhov chaw tsim khoom yog ntau yam, tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.

Shedovye ORZ yog cov vaj tsev dav dav. Los ntawm ib tug neeg sheds spans yog tsim. Kev thauj mus los tsuas yog hauv pem teb xwb. Hom tsev no haum rau kev lag luam nrog qhov siab me me. Tsis tas li hauv cov chav no koj tuaj yeem npaj teeb pom kev zoo.

Ib lub tsev yog siv rau cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab, kev lag luam tsis muaj menyuam, nrog rau kev siv tshuab ntau yam.

Engineering systems

Kev tsim kho ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam nrog kev npaj ntawm engineering systems. Lawv ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj. Rau qhov no, kev sib txuas lus sib txawv yog tsim. Engineering systems raug xaiv thiab nruab raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom. Lawv tuaj yeem yog sab nraud thiab sab hauv.

reinforced pob zeb lug ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj vaj tse
reinforced pob zeb lug ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg muaj vaj tse

Kev sib txuas lus tau ua tib zoo xav tawm ntawm theem kev npaj ntawm lub tsev. Schematically, qhov project qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov tes hauj lwm sab nraud nyob sab nraudthaj chaw. Qhov chaw ntawm internal engineering networks kuj tau npaj kom raug. Kev sib txuas lus sab hauv thiab sab nraud tuaj yeem yog hom hauv qab no:

  • dej;
  • sej;
  • khoom cua sov;
  • cua sov;
  • qhov cua;
  • cua txias;
  • Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

  • khoom siv.

Lwm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem nruab. Nws nyob ntawm hom kev tsim khoom.

Cov dej tuaj yeem muab los ntawm lub chaw cia khoom ze tshaj plaws lossis los ntawm lub nroog network. Cov chav hauv qab no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom siv dej zoo rau qhov chaw:

  • Cov khoom siv twj tso kua mis rau kev muab thiab nqa dej.
  • Cov khoom siv lim dej uas ntxuav cov kwj ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo.
  • Lub tank tso cai rau koj los tsim cov dej cia.

Cov khoom siv dej tuaj yeem muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv. Lawv tuaj yeem yog kev lag luam, tua hluav taws lossis ua ke. Cov kev taw qhia ntau lawm yog tsim nyog los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv cov khoom siv dej, nrog rau kev ntxuav, txias thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.

Kev sib txuas lus hluav taws kub tau muab tso rau hauv cov chav uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws. Lub siab ntawm cov dej thaum muaj xwm txheej txaus ntshai yog tsim los ntawm cov twj.

Cov kab ke sib xyaw ua ke tau teeb tsa hauv cov tuam txhab sib xyaw. Cov dej haus tau muab rau lub lag luam, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua haujlwm.

Heating systems

Kev sib txuas lus cua sov hauv ib-zaj dab neeg kev lag luam yog qhov txawv ntawmvaj tse cua sov qauv. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no ntawm cov tsev:

  • qhov tseem ceeb qab nthab qhov siab;
  • qhov chaw loj hauv pem teb;
  • vim kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov cua muaj zog, qhov kub poob hauv kev tsim khoom ntau dua;
  • cua sov yuav tsum ua raws li kev nyab xeeb hluav taws;
  • nrawm nrawm ntawm qhov kub, uas tso cai rau cua sov thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Ntau zaus, ntau hom cua sov tau teeb tsa hauv OPF ib zaug. Qhov cua tshuab feem ntau ua ke nrog cua sov. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv txhua chav sib cais. Qhov no tso cai rau koj tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias ntawm txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom.

Qhov cua

Lub OPF qhov cua tshuab muaj kev sib txuas lus hauv zos thiab dav. Yog hais tias muaj ntau cov plua plav thiab co toxins raug tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, lub hood yog supplemented nrog tshwj xeeb collections. Cov tshuab nqus tsev nyob hauv qab lub qab nthab, vim tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo yog txiav txim siab hauv qhov no ntawm chav tsev. Cov pa cua yog los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no.

Ntxiv rau lub hood, ib qho ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau ntau lub lag luam yog lub tshuab cua txias. Rau qhov no, cov khoom siv sib txawv yog siv. Nws tuaj yeem yog central, precision, multizone. Chillers lossis kiv cua coil tuaj yeem siv tau.

khoom siv

Txhim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab, suav tag nrho cov load. Qhov nokev ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm ntawm theem tsim ntawm lub tsev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txiav txim siab lub zog xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom, nrog rau cov nqi hluav taws xob uas siv thaum lub sijhawm tu lub tsev.

Tom ntej no, tsim thiab teeb tsa cov kab hluav taws xob siab thiab qis hluav taws xob tau ua tiav. Qhov no tsim cov kab kos duab. Nws installation yog ua raws li lub tsev thiab hluav taws kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los muab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsim nyog hauv qhov system. Qee lub lag luam yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub zog thaub qab. Ua li no, yuav lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim nyog.

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