Hydroponic systems yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia ntawm hom tseem ceeb ntawm hydroponic systems. DIY hydroponic qhov system

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Hydroponic systems yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia ntawm hom tseem ceeb ntawm hydroponic systems. DIY hydroponic qhov system
Hydroponic systems yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia ntawm hom tseem ceeb ntawm hydroponic systems. DIY hydroponic qhov system

Video: Hydroponic systems yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia ntawm hom tseem ceeb ntawm hydroponic systems. DIY hydroponic qhov system

Video: Hydroponic systems yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia ntawm hom tseem ceeb ntawm hydroponic systems. DIY hydroponic qhov system
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Anonim

Kev cog qoob loo tshiab tsis yog khoom plig xwb, tab sis kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig. Rau cov nroog niaj hnub no, nws nyuaj rau xav txog kev siv av ib txwm muaj. Feem ntau cov no yog cov tsev cog qoob loo. Ntxiv mus, thaj av kom tau txais zaub, tshuaj ntsuab, paj thiab lwm yam khoom tshiab tam sim no tawm ntawm kev zam. Hydroponic systems tau nce.

Basic concepts

Yog li, hydroponics yog dab tsi? Yog tias peb tig mus rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus, peb pom Greek "dej" thiab "ua haujlwm". Qhov tseeb nws hloov tawm - "ua haujlwm ntawm dej". Qhov tseeb, dej ntshiab tsis siv ntawm no. Peb tab tom tham txog aqueous daws nrog cov as-ham. Thiab cov tshuab hydroponic yog cov khoom tsim tsim rau cov khoom cog ntsuab tsis muaj av txhua. Qee zaum muaj qee qhov substrate, nws tshwm sim tias nws tsis yog tag nrho. Nyob ntawm qhov no, ntau hom tshuab rau hydroponics yog qhov txawv.

Nyob rau hauv substrate nkag siab cov khoom los yogcov khoom nyob rau hauv uas cov hauv paus hniav ntawm zus tau tej cov nroj tsuag. Substrate nyob rau hauv hydroponics yog ib feem tawm tsam lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ib txwm kab lis kev cai. Nws tuaj yeem yog xuab zeb, peat, nthuav av nplaum, thiab qee zaum txawm tias huab cua xwb. Mineral wool yog dav siv rau hydroponic systems. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub substrate thiab lub ntiaj teb yog tias nws tsis pub cov nroj tsuag, tab sis tsuas yog ua tus neeg xyuas pib rau kev daws teeb meem.

hydroponic systems
hydroponic systems

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev paub txog cov tshuab hydroponic suav nrog "cov ntsiab lus" thiab "pH". Cov ntsiab lus kab yog yam uas txhua tsob nroj xav tau hauv qee qhov proportions. Nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob, txhua kab lis kev cai xav tau nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem kab. Thiab qib pH ntawm acidity tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab thiab tsim cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob thiab kev noj haus.

Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb

Hydroponic systems muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li kev ua liaj ua teb ib txwm muaj xws li:

  1. Kev loj hlob txuas ntxiv. Ua tsaug rau kev pub noj tas li, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob yam tsis muaj kev txwv. Yuav tsis muaj drought lossis nag hnub no. Cov xwm txheej loj hlob tau khaws cia ntawm qib siab thiab zoo.
  2. Kev nrawm nrawm thiab kev loj hlob. Txij li thaum cov khoom noj khoom haus tau muab tsis tu ncua thiab kev loj hlob mus rau hauv tus account, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj ntau yam kev txwv (los ntawm cov hnub ci hnub, los ntawm kev noj haus, los ntawm acidity regimes), ces nyob rau hauv hydroponics muaj xyaum tsis muaj. Thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsuas yog txwv los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm caj cescov cai.
  3. Kev npaj muaj sijhawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob tuaj yeem suav thiab kwv yees nrog qhov tseeb tsis txaus ntseeg.

Ntau hom hydroponics

Muab ntau yam uas tswj hwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muaj ntau yam txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem hauv hydroponics. Feem ntau, muaj rau thaj chaw tseem ceeb, thiab ntawm lawv yog "passive" thiab "active".

chiv rau hydroponic systems
chiv rau hydroponic systems

Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog wick. Hauv plawv ntawm lub hauv paus yog lo lus "wick". Qhov system no yog ua raws li kev muab cov khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm wicks. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj yog nyob rau hauv ib lub tank cais thiab mus rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag mechanically raws li cov nyhuv capillary. Hom kev muab fais fab no yog qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig tshaj. Qhov system no yog "passive", uas yog, nws ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej. Txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog saib xyuas cov qib ntawm cov as-ham hauv lub tank thiab qhov ntawd yog nws.

Txoj irrigation

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog nyob ze rau lub tshuab wick, tsuas yog cov zaub mov tau muab ntawm no tsis yog los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm kev yuam cov dej ntws. Rau qhov no, kuj tseem muaj lub thawv nrog cov tshuaj tov thiab cov raj txuas lub twj tso kua mis rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws muaj lub sijhawm yooj yim los tswj cov dej ntws. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau kev tso dej drip:

  • hom rov qab, uas yog, kev daws teeb meem nrog lub zog yog siv ntau zaus. Technically, qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev tso cov nroj tsuag rov qab rau hauv lub thawv pub. Qhov kev xaiv no, ntawm ib sab, yog kev lag luam ntau dua, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm ntau dua vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauvpH tus nqi tab tom ua.
  • Tsis rov qab hom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub nutrient tov, dhau los ntawm lub substrate thiab nourishing lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, merges irrevocably. Siv sijhawm tsawg dua tab sis kim dua.
kev daws teeb meem rau hydroponic system
kev daws teeb meem rau hydroponic system

Periodical Flood Hydroponics

Loj hlob ntawm cov kab ke hydroponic ntawm hom no yog qhov ntws ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus rau hauv cov substrate nrog cov nroj tsuag nyob rau lub sij hawm ncua sij hawm teem los ntawm timer. Kev muab cov khoom ntxhia yog nqa los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, thiab tom qab cov khoom siv tau nres, cov tshuaj yog drained rov qab thiab rov qab siv dua. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm inclusions, cov hauv paus hniav yog ib txwm aerated, uas yog, saturated nrog oxygen. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev vam khom ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, thiab yog li ntawm hluav taws xob. Tom qab tag nrho, yog tias koj tsis muab lub zog rau lub sijhawm, cov hauv paus hniav yuav qhuav tawm. Txhua lub tshuab ua haujlwm hydroponic raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis txaus no.

Classic Nutrient Layer System

Txheej txheej txheej hauv cov khoom noj hauv hydroponics yog dav. Ntawm no, tsis zoo li yav dhau los version, tsis muaj timer yuav tsum tau. Nutrient kua ntws los ntawm substrate mus rau cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib tug tas mus li kwj. pH tswj yuav tsum tau raws li cov tshuaj circulates nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog.

loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug hydroponic system
loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug hydroponic system

Nroj tsuag zoo li no loj hlob sai heev, tab sis lawv muaj "kev sib tw". Yog tias cov khoom siv ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj raug tso tseg, lawv yuav qhuav sai heev thiab yuav tuag. Tiv thaiv kom txhob raug xwm txheejkoj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov chaw thaub qab ntawm hluav taws xob ua ntej. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los siv cov substrate uas khaws cov dej noo thiab khoom noj khoom haus, xws li txiv maj phaub fiber.

Nyob Aquaculture

Txoj kev loj hlob yog tsim rau cov nroj tsuag uas nyiam noo noo. Tom qab tag nrho, ntawm no cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov kua. Nws zoo li lub npuas npuas ntab ntab hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas cov nroj tsuag txuas nrog. Lub kaw lus tseem yog "active" raws li lub twj tso kua mis aeration yog siv. Rau kev ua qauv qhia, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim hloov lub thoob dej yug ntses qub. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, qee cov nroj tsuag me me uas tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv txoj kev no tau sau tseg.

Aeroponics

Tib txoj kev hauv hydroponics qhov twg lub substrate yog huab cua. Khoom noj khoom haus yog tsim los ntawm kev muab dej pos huab rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej raug kho ntawm qee theem ntawm qhov chaw thiab zoo li dai rau saum huab cua. Aeroponics yuav tsum tau ceev faj xam thiab cov cuab yeej zoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug blackout los yog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam khoom, cov nroj tsuag muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.

Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev no yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuab tsis siv neeg tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv huab cua, kev kis kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov substrate yog qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj. Muab piv rau aeroponics nrog rau lwm lub tshuab, lawv nco ntsoov kev siv dej ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj zog aeration txhawb kev loj hlob sai thiab maturation ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

YHydroponics hauv kev lag luam

Industrial hydroponic systems yog davyog siv rau hauv nroog, nrog rau cov chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem siv cov av. Nws tau kwv yees tias hydroponics tuaj yeem ua tiav 20-fold nce hauv kev tsim khoom piv rau cov qauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Yog lawm, thaum koj pib qhov system, cov nqi yuav txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua liaj ua teb hydroponic xav tau kev paub tshwj xeeb, yam tsis muaj qhov ci thiab lush ntsuab tuaj yeem poob rau hauv kev lwj sai sai. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus siab yog ntau dua li kev them nyiaj los ntawm qhov zoo:

  • qoob loo loj hauv lub sijhawm luv;
  • txuag kev pab;
  • tsis muaj kab mob lossis nroj tsuag;
  • tus neeg ua haujlwm tsawg kawg nkaus.
industrial hydroponic systems
industrial hydroponic systems

Piv txwv li, hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, kev xav tau zaub tshiab yog qhov zoo heev uas, txawm tias muaj lawv tus kheej ua liaj ua teb, cov khoom raug xa los ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze Mexico thiab Canada. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam hydroponic ua liaj ua teb nyob thaj tsam ntawm 25 hectares. Kuj tseem muaj ib tus kheej ua liaj ua teb, uas yog raws li thaj chaw me me ntawm 0.5 hectares.

Hydroponics hauv tsev

Home hydroponic systems tau txais kev nyiam niaj hnub no. Ntxiv mus, nws yog lub sijhawm los sai sai cov khoom noj qab haus huv hauv tsev uas nyiam. Nws yuav tsum tau to taub tias hydroponics tsis tuaj yeem hloov lub tswv yim ntawm tus kheej, uas feem ntau ua rau kev ncaj ncees txaus siab, thiab tsis yog rov qab los ntawm cov qoob loo. Txhawm rau pib cog cov nroj tsuag hauv tsev, muaj tsawg kawg yog ob txoj hauv kev: mus yuav cov cuab yeej ua tiav lossis ua txhua yam koj tus kheej. hydroponicib qho kev tsim tus kheej yog ib qho tshwm sim tab sis teeb meem tshwm sim.

Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom tiav, qhov ntawd yog ib yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv ib qho chaw tsim nyog, npaj ib qho kev daws rau hydroponic system thiab khiav nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kheej tsim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm koj tus kheej. Dab tsi yuav xav tau rau qhov no? Feem ntau nws yog:

  • lauj kaub rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li 3 litres ib tsob nroj;
  • pump (lub thoob dej yug ntses ntawm lub hwj chim zoo yuav yooj yim haum);
  • cog pwm;
  • substrate;
  • hose set.

Txhua lub thawv yas tuaj yeem siv los ua lub thawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev npaj ib tug loj system, nws yog zoo dua rau nruab ob peb lub raj mis mus txog 50 litres tshaj ib tug loj. Lub thawv yuav tsum yog opaque (kom tiv thaiv kev daws los ntawm tawg). Yog tias qhov no tsis nyob ntawm tes, xim yuav tuaj cawm. Nroj tsuag yog yooj yim kho nyob rau hauv pots rau seedlings. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhov raug txiav hauv cov thawv nrog cov tshuaj hauv txoj hauv kev uas tom qab kho cov yub, huab cua nyob nruab nrab ntawm qab thiab cov tshuaj.

tsev hydroponic systems
tsev hydroponic systems

Tom qab txhua qhov kev npaj ua tiav, lub rooj sib txoos ua tiav. Seedlings yog muab tso rau hauv lub thawv nrog ib tug substrate, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsau nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog ib tug daws ntawm nutrient tov. Nrog kev pab los ntawm hoses, ib tug ob-txoj kev kev twb kev txuas yog tsim los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis thiab lub tank. Ib kab mus rau cov khoom siv, lwm qhov, hu ua "rov qab" - mus rau qhov ntws. Lub thawv uas muab lub zog yuav tsum tau muab tso nrogtxoj kab nqes rau cov kua dej ntuj thiab tag nrho cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov ntxhia pob zeb.

Ib tug chemistry

Rau txoj kev loj hlob zoo, txhua tsob nroj xav tau cov ntsiab lus xws li phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium thiab sulfur. Hauv qhov me me, manganese, hlau, zinc, molybdenum, boron, chlorine thiab tooj liab yuav tsum tau noj. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias ua-nws-koj tus kheej chiv rau hydroponic systems yog siv nyob rau hauv nruj proportions. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tus nqi pH tom qab npaj cov tshuaj.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab hauv hydroponics yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. Yuav luag txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas kom raug kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog raug xaiv. Rau ntau hom, qhov sib xyaw ua ke no txawv. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, ib lossis lwm qhov kev nce ntxiv hauv cov khoom yuav tsum tau.

Kev daws teeb meem hauv hydroponics

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev. Hauv thawj zaug, koj tsuas yog yuav cov txheej txheem ntawm microelements thiab chiv rau hydroponic systems, thiab txhua yam yog diluted nyob rau hauv cov proportions qhia. Nws yog pom zoo kom noj boiled los yog distilled dej. Ntawm koj tus kheej txaus ntshai thiab pheej hmoo, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov dej kais dej li niaj zaus. Tom qab ntawd nws tseem tsuas yog tswj cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus, ntxiv, thiab tom qab ib ntus - hloov. Qhov kev xaiv no yooj yim heev, tab sis los ntawm tus nqi.

DIY hydroponic qhov system
DIY hydroponic qhov system

Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, koj tuaj yeem npaj cov tshuaj rau hydroponic system nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes. Ntawm cov zaub mov npaj txhij, muaj ob txoj kev xaiv uas tsim nyograu ntau hom nroj tsuag.

  1. Kev daws rau cov nroj tsuag deciduous thiab qeeb loj hlob: 2 teaspoons ntawm poov tshuaj phosphate, 2, 5 - potassium nitrate, 4, 5 - calcium nitrate thiab 4 - magnesium sulfate yaj hauv 40 liv dej. 1.25 teaspoon ntawm boric acid, 1/10 teaspoon ntawm manganese chloride, yaj nyob rau hauv 1 liter dej, ntxiv rau lub resulting tov. Cov khoom xyaw kawg yuav yog 4/5 teaspoon ntawm hlau chelate hauv 1.6 liv dej.
  2. Kev daws rau cov zaub loj hlob sai thiab nyiam cov zaub: 2 teaspoons ntawm poov tshuaj phosphate, 4 ntawm potassium nitrate, 4, 5 ntawm calcium nitrate thiab 4 ntawm magnesium sulfate hauv 40 liv dej. Tom qab ntawd ob txoj kev daws teeb meem nrog boric acid, manganese chloride thiab hlau chelate, tau piav qhia saum toj no, ntxiv.

Zoo kawg

Hydroponics yog ib qho kev cog lus rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam thiab hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem hydroponics muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev loj hlob tus nqi thiab ntim ntau lawm. Feem ntau, lawv tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem los yog txo cov kev cuam tshuam tib neeg kom tsawg. Cov khoom siv ntxhia nyuaj rau cov kev daws teeb meem thiab cov chiv rau hydroponic systems tau dav siv txawm tias nyob hauv tsev. Txawm hais tias qhov pom tseeb tsis yooj yim, cov txheej txheem hydroponic muaj peev xwm xa ob qho khoom tiav thiab txaus siab rau kev soj ntsuam thiab saib xyuas.

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