Yog tias muaj av uas muaj peev xwm tsis zoo ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw, ces kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus slab yog kev lag luam ncaj ncees. Lub hauv paus tseem tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas cov dej hauv av siab, cov av muaj av nplaum nyob rau hauv cov ntim loj, thiab lub ntiaj teb swells thaum nws khov. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsim no yog nws cov nqi siab. Tab sis cov neeg sib tw ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no tsis suav nrog tias cov slab nruab kuj ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib tshooj (pem teb) hauv av. Thaum kawg, thev naus laus zis yog pheej yig dua li qhov sib sib zog nqus strip foundation.
Design nta
Kev tsim ntawm lub hauv paus tau piav qhia yog ua raws li tus qauv hu ua "Cov Lus Qhia". Nws tau luam tawm xyoo 1977. Los ntawm kev nyeem cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tau kawm txog cov kev cai yooj yim uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim ib qhov project. Cov qauv piav qhia yog tsim rau cov tsev uas nws cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj 100 m22. Heev feem ntau, daim hlau yog siv ua ke nrogindustrial thiab utility buildings.
Tsim lub hauv paus slab suav nrog kev coj mus rau qee yam, ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau hais txog:
- size raug;
- deformation loads hauv ib cheeb tsam;
- static thiab dynamic loads los ntawm kev tsim kho;
- av mechanics yam;
- siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum raug tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb geotechnical. Cov qauv tsim muab rau kev suav cov diaphragms, thiab cov qauv tsim yuav tsum suav nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub hauv paus, kev txiav txim siab ntawm yob, kev hloov pauv thiab deformations. Kev suav yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm pawg hauv paus.
Calculation
Lub thickness ntawm lub hauv paus slab yog txwv rau tus nqi me me. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 150 txog 300 hli. Rau kev tsim tawm, piv txwv li, cov slabs ntawm 100 mm yog siv, thaum lub tsev loj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntsia rau ntawm lub slab txog li 400 mm nyob rau hauv thickness. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem hu ua tsis tshua muaj.
Kev suav ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj thickness yog raws li qhov tseeb tias nws yog thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub tsev, coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov loads tau. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los laij cov siab tshwj xeeb hauv av. Qhov ntev ntawm lub slab yuav tsum loj dua qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev los ntawm txog 100 mm ntawm txhua sab. Lub hauv paus slab rau lub tsev cib yuav tsum yog 5 cm tuab dua li tib lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj, yog tias muaj ib lub tsev thib ob hauv lub tsev cib, ces qhov tuab.lub hauv paus nce mus rau 40 cm. Qhov kawg tus nqi yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev.
Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog ob-zaj dab neeg ua npuas ncauj ua vaj tsev, ces cov lus hais thickness yuav tsum sib npaug 35 cm. Nws nyob thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam thiab muaj cov pob zeb tawg, nrog rau cov xuab zeb. Lawv tau nteg tawm nyob rau yav tas los theem hauv qab ntawm lub qhov. Crushed pob zeb feem ntau muab tso rau hauv ib lub thickness ntawm 20 cm, ces xuab zeb los, nws thickness yuav yog 30 cm.
Qhov feem ntau cushion thickness yog 0.5 m. Kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus slab yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm txhua txheej. Rau lub teeb ntoo lub tsev, lub hauv ncoo yog pw, lub thickness ntawm uas yog 15 cm, thaum nyob rau hauv lub chav nres tsheb tus nqi no yuav yog 25 cm. 0.5 cm hauv ncoo yuav tsum tau pw yog hais tias koj npaj yuav tsim ib tug hnyav cib tsev. Crushed pob zeb yuav them rau lub heaving thiab tsawg ntom ntawm cov av, ua raws li zoo heev kua. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb yog tias thaj chaw muaj av nplaum av uas dej hauv av siab. Xuab zeb tib lub sijhawm yuav lav qhov kev faib tawm tsis sib xws ntawm kev thauj khoom hauv av.
xam piv txwv
Koj tuaj yeem nkag siab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev suav ntawm ib qho piv txwv tshwj xeeb. Cov manipulations no yog ua los txiav txim qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb siv hauv pouring. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, thaj tsam ib leeg yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug ntawm qhov tuab. Yog tias koj npaj yuav nruab ib lub tsev nrog qhov ntev ntawm 10 x 10 m ntawm lub hauv paus slab, thiab lub thickness ntawm lub hauv paus yog 0.25 m, ces qhov ntim ntawm slab yuav yog 25.kub m. Tus nqi no tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov duab saum toj no. Cov pob zeb qub yuav xav tau los nchuav lub hauv paus.
Koj kuj yuav tsum xav txog kev teeb tsa ntawm stiffeners, uas yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv deformation. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 3 m. Lawv yuav ua raws thiab hla lub phaj, tsim cov squares. Txhawm rau ua tiav kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus slab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov siab thiab ntev ntawm cov stiffeners. Qhov taw qhia kawg yog xaiv rau hauv tus account qhov ntev ntawm txhua sab ntawm lub hauv paus. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, tus nqi no yog 10 m. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 8 ribs yuav tsum tau, yog li lawv tag nrho ntev yog 80 m.
Kev suav ntxiv
Ntu hla yuav tsum yog lub voj voos lossis trapezoid. Qhov dav ntawm cov tav raws li tus qauv yog 0.8 ntawm qhov siab. Rau daim duab plaub, qhov ntim yog 16 cubic meters. Koj yuav tau txais tus nqi no yog tias koj muab cov lej 0, 25, 0, 8 thiab 80. Yog tias peb tham txog cov kab trapezoidal, ces lawv lub hauv paus qis yog 1.5 npaug ntawm lub hauv paus tuab, thiab sab saud yog 0.8.
Raws li qhov ntim ntawm tag nrho cov tav, nws yog 12 m 2: koj yuav tau txais daim duab no yog tias koj muab 0, 15 thiab 80. Los ntawm cov lus saum toj no ntawm cov slab lub hauv paus, nws pom tau hais tias rau pouring lub hauv paus, uas yog 25 cm tuab, yuav tsum tau 25 m2 pob zeb.
Markup
Cov slab yog tsis nchuav tshaj txheej fertile. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj theem nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm markup. Rau qhov no, ib tug hlua thiab pegs yog siv, uasntsia raws lub perimeter ntawm cov kua dej. Lub qhov dej yog khawb tawm hauv txoj kev uas nws yog 0.5 m loj dua cov slab ntawm txhua sab, lub hauv paus yuav protrude 10 cm tshaj qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev.
Cov haujlwm yuav tsawg. Raws li kev tshem tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem fertile, koj yuav tsum tau mus tob dua 40 cm. Nyob rau theem no, cov qauv monolithic yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov av noo. Cov dej ntws tau muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig. Lawv yuav muaj cov geotextile uas txuas mus rau cov npoo ntawm cov kwj dej. Tom ntej no yog ib txheej ntawm compacted rubble thiab ib tug perforated yeeb nkab. Lub kaw lus tau ntim nrog lub lim dej hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb crushed, txhua yam yog them nrog geotextiles.
Cov dej tsis tso rau hauv qab lub hauv paus slab lossis kev npaj ua vaj tse. Qhov siab ntawm lub backfill yog nyob rau tib theem li lub pob zeb crushed cushion. Tom qab nchuav cov slab rau hauv lub tsev, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau kev sib txuas lus. Hauv qhov no, cov kav dej thiab cov dej txias tau muab tso rau ntawm theem no. Tsis tas yuav faus lawv hauv qab lub cim khov, vim tias cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm ib leeg yuav khaws cov cua sov hauv qab. Txaus qhov tob ntawm 1.2 m.
Lub hauv paus slab yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev npaj. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav hnyav. Ua ntej, cov xuab zeb yog them nrog ib txheej ntawm 10 cm thiab compacted. Nyob rau hauv parallel, nws yuav tsum tau abundantly moisturized. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los siv lub vibrating phaj rau ramming. Tom ntej no tuaj lub pob zeb crushed, uas kuj zoo compacted. Hloov chaw, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov sib tovPGS, uas yog nteg rau ib tug tob ntawm 40 cm thiab yog zoo compacted. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub hauv paus monolithic tau txais kev txhawb nqa txhim khu kev qha ntawm txheej qis.
kev npaj ua vaj tse thiab ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej
Monolithic slab yuav tsum tau waterproofed hauv qab no. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm pob zeb thiab qhov cuab lub zog. Kev tso ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dov yog ua raws li kev npaj ua vaj tse, txij li cov khoom tuaj yeem raug torn los ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb crushed. Qhov no muab ib qho chaw tiaj tus uas nws yooj yim los lo rau lub hauv paus bituminous. Yog tias lub hauv paus slab tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw, qhov no yuav ua rau kom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov duab.
Lub thickness ntawm screed yuav yog 5 cm, nws tsis tsim nyog los txhawb nws. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kev tsim kho pob nyiaj siv yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv dov. Cov strips yuav tsum tau pw nrog ib tug sib tshooj ntawm 20 cm, lub seams yuav tsum tau kho nrog txias los yog kub bituminous mastic. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub pua plag raug tso tawm dhau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov kev npaj ua vaj tse, yog li tom qab nchuav cov slab, khiav lawv mus rau sab.
rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab qhov cuab lub zog
Monolithic slab yuav tsum tau insulated. Extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov rwb thaiv tsev kub. Nws nteg yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 2 txheej. Yog tias qhov project muab rau stiffeners, thawj txheej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kawg-rau-kawg, thaum nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob, qhov khoob yog tsim raws qhov dav ntawm tav. Kev txhawb zog ntawm cov slab nrog ib txoj siv armored yog ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm rau cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.
Ua ntej, clamps yog tsim los ntawm ib tug du 6 mm bar, uas yog khoov rau hauv daim ntawvdaim duab peb sab los yog square. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tsim ib lub mesh reinforcing, nws yog nyob ntawm cov tuav ntawm ib ntus profile. Lawv txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 12 mus rau 16 hli. Cov ntsiab lus txuas los ntawm cov hlau los yog vuam.
Nws yuav tsim nyog los nteg txoj siv qis ntawm cov tuav nrog ib ntu ntawm 10 cm ntawm cov pob zeb ua pob zeb. Clamps muab tso rau ntawm daim phiaj qis, uas yuav ua rau txoj siv tawv. Daim npav sab saum toj yog tsau rau ntawm lawv. Nws yog undesirable siv cais tuav nyob rau hauv lub armored siv. Lawv khoov rau hauv cov ntu nkhaus, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas lus input nodes lawv yog txuam nrog cov kab sib chaws daim duab qhia chaw. Yuav kom txuag tau qhov kev txhawb zog, nws cov hlwb tau nce mus rau 20 x 20 cm.
Kev txhawb nqa ntxiv
Tsim lub tsev ntawm lub hauv paus slab, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws txoj kev ntxiv dag zog. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kev txhawb nqa yog nqa tawm. Rau knitting, steel rods yog siv, uas muaj tav. Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog xaiv coj mus rau hauv tus account lub loads ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av. Lub thickness ntawm slab nws tus kheej kuj yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account.
Rau ib lub tsev ob-zaj dab neeg, ib qho monolithic slab yog nchuav nrog lub thickness ntawm 300 hli. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov cuab lub zog yog txawv ntawm 12 mus rau 14 mm. Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub hauv paus slab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muab rau nteg ib daim phiaj, lub cell ntawm uas tej zaum yuav nce mus rau 25 cm. Thawj daim phiaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cib txhawb nqa. Tom qab ntawd ib txheej ntawm cib ntxiv rau saum, ua raws li txheej thib obreinforcing mesh. Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv vuam rau ib pawg ntawm kev txhawb nqa, ces cov tuav yuav tsum raug xaiv los ntawm kev kos npe, koj yuav tsum pom qhov ntsuas "C" hauv nws.
Formwork installation
Kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus slab yuav tsum muab rau cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov ntawv plywood, OSB lossis chipboard raug teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum zoo li cov ntaub thaiv npog. Lawv sab hauv yog tiv thaiv nrog vov tsev los yog zaj duab xis los tiv thaiv chipping ntawm cov khoom thaum demoulding. Shields yog ntsia ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov qauv los ntawm kev khov, 10 cm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj boards muab tso rau hauv. Tib lub rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov muag tsis pom qhov chaw kom tsis txhob muaj qhov khov rau sab nraud. Cov khoom yog nyob rau ntawm theem ntawm ib leeg, nws yog muab tso rau hauv dej ntws nrog rau sab sauv los yog qis txheej ntawm lub tshav kub insulator nyob rau hauv lub formwork.
Pov pob zeb
Thaum qhov kev txhim kho ntawm lub hauv paus slab raws li cov cuab yeej saum toj no tau ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem pib nchuav pob zeb. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau qhov chaw hauv ib qho mus. Nruab nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib tov, lub sijhawm siab tshaj plaws yog 2 teev nyob rau hauv huab cua sov. Pob zeb yuav tsum tsis txhob distilled nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter nrog ib tug shovel, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj lub tov khoom los yog siv lub pob zeb twj tso kua mis.
Vibro-compaction yog ua kom txog rau thaum cov tsos ntawm cement laitance, tsis muaj npuas thiab zais ntawm pob zeb crushed. Cov sib tov yog rhuab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, rau qhov no ib tug cable yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub formwork, koj muaj peev xwm siv chav cua sov los yog npog nto nrog zaj duab xis cov ntaub ntawv. Lo rau netsarmopoyas nozzle vibrators raug txwv. Hnub xya, nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob, stripping yog nqa tawm. Lub pob zeb saum npoo yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm nag lossis daus los ntawm npog nws nrog burlap. Yog tias ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, lub hauv paus yog wetted los ntawm lub pas dej ua ke.
In xaus
Thaum txhim kho lub hauv paus monolithic, theem ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso tseg. Cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev tsis tsuas yog ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj, tab sis kuj txo cov nqi cua sov hauv lub caij ntuj no. Rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem ua npuas ncauj lossis extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Cov khoom yog tsau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm kev txau. Rau ib lub tsev ib txwm, 50 hli txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav txaus. Rau cov cheeb tsam txias dua, txheej txheej thickness yog ob npaug.
