Ntoo suav tias yog lub hauv paus muaj zog. Nws yog txaus los puag nws thiab sawv me ntsis, kaw nws ob lub qhov muag. Tab sis tsis muaj tsob ntoo yuav loj hlob yog tias nws lub cev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Cov tawv ntoo hu ua dab tsi? Nws yog txoj cai hu ua daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yog kev tiv thaiv npog ntawm lub cev. Lub bark ntawm tsob ntoo occupies txog ib feem peb ntawm nws tag nrho ntim. Nws nyob ntawm qhov yug, hnub nyoog thiab kev loj hlob. Lub thicker lub cev, lub bark ntau. Hauv cov ntoo uas paub tab, nws qhov ntim tsawg. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws nce ntxiv yog tias tsob ntoo loj hlob zuj zus.
txheej tiv thaiv ntawm lub thoob yog dab tsi?
tsob ntoo tawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws. Nws tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig sab nraud, tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Ib qho twg, txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tawv ntoo tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho tsob ntoo tuag yog tias tsis kho. Tus qauv ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo qhia tias muaj cov txheej sab hauv thiab sab nrauv.
- Inner layer - lubok. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hlwb nyob, yog koom nrog hauv kev thauj cov khoom noj los ntawm cov yas mus rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tsob ntoo thiabkhaws nws cov khoom cia. Lub bast muaj peb hom hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov khoom sieve. Cov ntoo coniferous muaj hlwb, thaum cov ntoo deciduous muaj hlab.
- txheej txheej - cork. Nws yog hu ua crust. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntoo tawv ntoo muab rau cov txheej txheem unicellular ntawm cov hlwb nyob, uas hloov pauv hauv ob qho kev qhia, vim tias tsob ntoo loj hlob hauv tuab. Cov tawv ntoo ncaj qha tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam thiab muaj peb txheej. Nruab nrab txheej ntawm tsob ntoo tawv ntoo muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb - suberin. Ua tsaug rau nws, nws cov hydrophobicity yog guaranteed.
Ntsuab ntoo: hom
Cov tawv ntoo muaj kev tiv thaiv, ua haujlwm, kho cov khoom. Thiab nws ntxiv cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm koj qhov chaw nrog kev ntxhib los mos, txwv cov xim thiab decorates nws nyob rau lub caij ntuj no txias. Txhua tsob ntoo muaj qhov sib txawv thiab sib txawv: cov qauv tshwj xeeb, xim, uas tuaj yeem yog xim liab, dawb, ntsuab, grey thiab txiv kab ntxwv, qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li qhov no, hom ntoo tawv ntoo yog:
- Smooth.
- Striated. Cov kab txaij ntev thiab kab sib chaws no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom hauv cov ntoo qhib thiab tshauv.
- Kab txaij ntawm tsob ntoo tawv ntoo yog qhov yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv. Lub cev yog them nrog nplai uas exfoliate zoo. Ib tug neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog ntoo thuv bark. Larch yog them nrog furrowed-scaly bark, uas yog tsim los ntawm txheej txheej txheej ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm yam.
- Fibrous. Hom tawv ntoo no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm flaking ntawm cov kab ntev ntev, zoo li hauv juniper.
- Warty. Lub bark ntawm hom no yog characterizedme ntsis warts. Ib tug neeg sawv cev yog warty euonymus.
Cov kab mob Cortex
Nceev, zoo li tib neeg, raug rau ntau yam kab mob. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm dab tsi? Muaj ntau yam laj thawj vim li cas ntoo thiaj mob. Ib qho qhia txog lawv lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv yog cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Nws, zoo li tib neeg daim tawv nqaij, yog qhov yooj yim heev. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, nws tsis muaj peev xwm saib xyuas nws tus kheej. Cov tawv ntoo muab qhov kev saib xyuas no rau tus neeg, muab nws cov qoob loo ntau nyob rau yav tom ntej lossis zoo siab rau nws nrog nws cov tsos. Cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev yog puas los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, kab tsuag, tsiaj txhu, te, tshav ntuj. Thiab qee zaum nws tsuas yog tsis khaws cia nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov kab nrib pleb, tsim cov qhov txhab sib sib zog nqus. Tsuas yog kev saib xyuas zoo thiab kho raws sijhawm yuav tsis pub tsob ntoo tuag.
Dub Cancer
Ntau yam kab mob ntoo ua rau lawv tuag. Ib yam kab mob no yog mob qog noj ntshav dub. Nws pib nrog cov tsos ntawm sinking liab-xim av me ntsis ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv. Cov tawv ntoo nce, tawg thiab tawg. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav dub, nws tau npog nrog cov tubercles me me. Nov yog kab mob kab mob.
Ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntog, ua qhov txhab qhib. Tus kab mob no maj mam, cuam tshuam lub cev thiab ceg, clasping lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub nplhaib. Mob bark yog ib qho chaw zoo rau cov fungus mus overwinter. Cov qog nqaij hlav dub tshwm sim thiab tsim los ntawm kev kub nyhiab, tawg thiab qhov txhab. Kev loj hlob tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntoo nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no. Mob qog noj ntshav dub cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis cov nroj tsuag laus muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Cytosporosis
Tus kab mob no feem ntau cuam tshuam cov ntoo qub uas muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo lossis ntau dua. Cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm lub cev thiab cov ceg ntoo vim qhov txhab ntawm nws tau txais los ntawm kev kub hnyiab, Frost, ntau yam kab tsuag thiab tsiaj loj. Lub bark ntawm tsob ntoo yog them nrog ib tug liab-xim av txheej thiab ua bumpy lub sij hawm. Cytosporosis sai sai kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab haus huv. Rau ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob lub hlis, cov ceg qhuav tag. Thaum lub sij hawm, tsob ntoo yuav tuag yog tsis kho.
Tus kab mob tsob ntoo no muaj qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm cov tawv ntoo. Cov chaw kis kab mob tuag, thiab kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm txheej tuag. Cov kua nplaum xim av nrog cov ntxhiab tsw phem ntws tawm ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog mob qog noj ntshav. Cov ntoo hluas tuag hauv ib xyoos, thiab cov laus tom qab ob peb xyoos. Yog hais tias tus kab mob tau npog feem ntau ntawm cov tawv ntoo, tsob ntoo yuav cawm tsis tau lawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis mus rau lwm cov nroj tsuag, lawv yuav tsum tau khawb thiab hlawv.
kab mob sib kis thiab kho lawv
Yuav ua li cas kho tsob ntoo tawv ntoo los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav dub? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub hauv paus ntawm kev kis kab mob raug tshem tawm. Ua li no, hlawv tag nrho cov nplooj poob. Nyob rau hauv lawv, fungal spores nyob txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Thaum txhua xyoo pruning ntawm cov kab mob yog nqa tawm, lub vaj lub cuab tam yuav tsum tau kho nrog xiav vitriol thiaj li tsis mus kis.
Yog tias cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo puas los ntawm cytosporosis, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam thiab kho qhov chaw no nrog tooj liab sulphate. Tom qab ntawd npog nrog var thiab ntaub qhwv nrog ib daim ntaub huv, qhuav.
Lub voj voog txheej swb:yuav kho li cas?
Yog qhov mob ntawm cov tawv ntoo mus rau hauv lub voj voog thiab ntes cov hauv paus caj dab, tsob ntoo yuav tuag. Thiab yog hais tias xws li ib tug lesion yog pom nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub cev thiab ceg, tsob ntoo muaj feem ntau yuav rov qab tau. Qhov txhab tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm grafting cuttings. Yog tias qhov no tsis pab, koj yuav tsum tau hloov cov tawv ntoo los ntawm tsob ntoo noj qab haus huv. Yog tias qhov txhab me me, koj tuaj yeem qhwv lawv nrog pob tshab polyethylene yam tsis tau npog nrog lub suab.
Lichens thiab lawv txoj kev kho
Los ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm lub cev thiab cov ceg ntoo, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb nws puas noj qab haus huv lossis tsis zoo. Yog tias cov txheej tiv thaiv npog nrog moss thiab lichen, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv ntoo los ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab kab tsuag. Lichens tiv taus Frost thiab kub zoo. Spores ntawm kis kab mob thiab larvae ntawm ntau yam kab mob sib koom ua ke zoo kawg nkaus hauv lawv txhua xyoo puag ncig.
Yuav ua li cas kho tsob ntoo tawv yog tias nws npog lichen? Kev kho mob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis caij nplooj zeeg hauv huab cua ntub. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nrog lub zog nylon lossis hlau txhuam, lichens raug ntxuav los ntawm cov tawv ntoo. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nteg burlap nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo. Tom qab ntxuav, tag nrho cov no yog hlawv thiab faus tob rau hauv av. Cov tawv ntoo thiab cov av uas huv hauv qab tsob ntoo yog txau nrog hlau sulphate. Koj tuaj yeem ntxuav lub cev thiab cov ceg nrog tshuaj soapy-ash. Ib nrab kilograms ntawm tshauv, ib thiab ib nrab kilograms ntawm txiv qaub yog diluted nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej thiab insisted rau ob peb hnub. Tom qab tshuaj tsuag, lub trunks thiab ceg loj ntawm tsob ntoo yog whitened. Cov lichens pib tig liab thiab poob.
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob cortical
Tau ceeb toomntau yam kab mob ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, koj yuav tsum tsis tu ncua nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog raws li nram no:
- Lub cev thiab cov ceg tseem ceeb tau tshem ntawm cov tawv tawv qub, uas tiv thaiv kev loj hlob thiab tuab ntawm tsob ntoo.
- Mosses thiab lichens raug tshem tawm.
- Kev tua kab mob ua tiav. Nws yog tsim nyog los rhuav tshem moss thiab lichen spores, kab tsuag thiab lawv larvae. Cov tawv ntoo puas raug ntxuav kom huv si nrog tshuaj soapy-ash. Lawv kuj txau lub crown, tab sis cov tshuaj yog diluted nrog dej ob peb zaug. Koj tuaj yeem ntxuav lub thoob nrog tooj liab sulphate los ntawm dissolving 100-200 g nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Thaum nws tsis muaj, hlau sulfate yog siv. Tab sis nws xav tau ntau tshaj ib thoob dej, 600-800 g. Gardeners feem ntau siv oxalic nplooj rau tshuaj tua kab mob. Ua li no, ntawm daim tawv nqaij, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev loj hlob mus rau ntoo heev, theem qhov txhab raws ntug thiab rub nrog ib tug sorrel nplooj. Lawv yuav ceev ceev nrog txheej tiv thaiv tshiab.
- Cracks tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau npog nrog av lossis sib tov ntawm av nplaum thiab txiv qaub. Yog tsis muaj dab tsi, tsuas yog whiten.
Feem ntau hollows tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub cev thiab ceg. Lawv thaum kawg ua rau cov ntoo tuag vim muaj kab mob. Lawv yeej yuav tsum tau muab kaw. Yuav pib nrog, cov khib nyiab raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov hollow, cov tawv ntoo thiab ntoo raug ntxuav los ntawm rot. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog nqa tawm nrog hlau sulphate. Tom qab ntawd, lub hollow yog kaw nrog pieces ntawm cork los yog ib tug sib tov ntawm txiv qaub nrog xis mas thiab xuab zeb. Yog hais tias lub hollow loj heev, nws yog ntim nrog pob zeb, rubble, cib thiab nchuav nrog cement mortar.
Kev puas tsuaj cua sov
Ntaus ntoo ua tiavKev loj hlob yog raug rau qhov kub thiab txias poob, thaum nruab hnub, cov tawv ntoo muaj zog heev los ntawm lub hnub, thiab thaum hmo ntuj nws txias. Qhov no ua rau tsim cov qhov Frost, tawg thiab sunburn. Kev puas tsuaj cua sov yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias nws ua rau ib nrab lossis ua tiav cov tawv ntoo tuag, uas tshwm sim vim qhov txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov as-ham txav mus. Tus kab mob no hu ua necrosis thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Frost crackers tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim los ntawm cov tawv ntoo sib cais los ntawm lub cev, qhov twg cov kab tsuag thiab txhua yam ntawm fungi nyob thiab yug me nyuam. Yog tias qhov dej khov tsis raug txheeb xyuas thiab nruab nrab hauv lub sijhawm, hollows tuaj yeem tsim.
Cov kab mob ntoo ntoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lub hnub rays, thaum lawv raug ntaus ua rau kub hnyiab. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim nrog qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum nruab hnub huab cua kub dhau los ua qhov zoo, thiab hmo ntuj kub dhau los ua qhov loj me. Muaj qhov cua txias ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm tsob ntoo. Thaum lawv txias, lawv shrink. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov sab nrauv yog nrawm dua li cov sab hauv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim no, rupture ntawm lub cortex tshwm sim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws, cov ceg ntoo thiab cov ceg ntoo raug ntxuav thiab khi nrog burlap ua ntej pib lub caij ntuj no txias.
Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub cortex
- Dej tsob ntoo tsis tu ncua los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav mus rau Frost.
- Tsis txhob siv cov chiv nitrogen lig thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg.
- Nyob ntoo ob zaug ib xyoos. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev tsim ntawm Frost thiab sunburn. Whitewash smoothes tawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov tawv ntoo. Kev ua haujlwmlub cev, skeletal ceg thiab lawv qis yog raug rau cov kua qaub. Txhawm rau kom cov txiv qaub ua kom zoo dua rau cov tawv ntoo, koj yuav tsum ntxiv 50 g ntawm ntoo kua nplaum rau hauv lub thoob ntawm mortar.
