Kev txhim kho ntawm lub ru tsev yog theem kawg ntawm kev tsim kho txhua lub tsev. Nws plays tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug technical lub luag hauj lwm, tab sis kuj yog ib tug kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tias koj lub tsev yuav muaj lub ru tsev pitched, koj yuav tsum paub tias cov qauv no yog complex. Nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm txoj kab nqes, lub ru tsev sloping yuav gable, los yog hipped. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam duab: steeple, pyramidal, conical, thiab lwm yam climatic tej yam kev mob tau ua pitched ru tsev feem ntau nyob rau hauv suburban kev tsim kho.
Kev piav qhia dav dav
Lub ru tsev pitched txhawb lub ntuj ntws ntawm yaj thiab dej nag. Lub kaum sab xis yog txiav txim los ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kab nqes mus rau lub qab ntug. Cov qauv no muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm tsawg kawg 5 °, txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj tau nruab nyob rau hauv uas ib tus neeg ntu muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination. Nyob ntawm seb qhov dav dav ntawm lub tsev yog dab tsi, kev nyab xeeb, kev ua tiav, nrog rau cov khoom siv xaiv, lub ru tsev pitched tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam khoom siv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj cheeb tsam muaj cov dej nag loj heev, thiab lub ru tsev tsis heevntom ntom, ces cov slopes yuav tsum ntxhab. Nyob rau hauv cov cua muaj zog, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum flatter kom txo tau siab. Yog tias koj xaiv txoj kev nqes hav zoo, ces koj yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov qauv tsim txias raug nqi ntau dua vim lawv siv cov khoom siv ntau dua.
hom pitched ru tsev
4-lub ru tsev yog hais txog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov qauv ntawm tib lub npe. Ntawm lawv, ib leeg-pitched, ob-pitched, ib nrab-hip, attic, domed, conical, pyramidal, thiab plaub-gable sawv daws yuav tsum tau txawv. Sheds yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv, lawv yuav ntws dej hauv ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Lawv yog siv los npog cov tsev me, porches, outbuildings, ib ntus qauv thiab outbuildings. Cov qauv hauv qhov no yuav tsis muaj lub qab nthab lossis qhov chaw hauv qab lub ru tsev.
2 lub ru tsev yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho qis. Nws muaj ib lub duab plaub, thiab sab sab yog hu ua gables. Lub ru tsev ib nrab hipped txawv ntawm lub hipped ib qho nyob rau hauv nws lub inclined dav hlau txiav tawm ib feem ntawm pediment. Pyramidal ru tsev yog siv thaum lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev yog square lossis rectangular nyob rau hauv cov duab.
Tsim thiab cov chav tseem ceeb
Cov ru tsev pitched ru tsev muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yog, kaw thiab cov kabmob. Cov yav tas yog tsim nyog los nqa loads los ntawm daus, cua thiab lub ru tsev nws tus kheej. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, qhov hnyav yog faib rau ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing thiabcais nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev cai nruj nruj yog tsim los ntawm lub zog ntawm cov kabmob. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog Mauerlat thiab truss system. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov cuab yeej ntawm lub ru tsev pitched implies fasteners nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm racks, struts thiab crossbars. Qhov xav tau rigidity tuaj yeem ua tiav siv lub truss truss.
Mauerlat yog kab teeb uas ua rau kev txhawb nqa rau cov ntoo rafters. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub caij no, lub load los ntawm lub ru tsev yog faib. Mauerlat yog ib hom ntawm lub hauv paus rau kev tsim. Yog hais tias koj xav ua ib lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv nws classical kev txiav txim siab, ces rau lub Mauerlat ntaus ntawv koj yuav tsum tau siv ib tug beam nrog ib sab ntawm 15 cm. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm ib tug nqaj yog 10 cm. Ib tug pitched ru tsev yuav ua tau los ntawm txhais tes ntawm ib tug ru tsev. tsev craftsman. Yog hais tias nws muaj Mauerlat, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau tag nrho ntev ntawm lub tsev los yog ntsia tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub rafters.
Thaum siv rafter ob txhais ceg ntawm ib qho me me, lub kaw lus yuav sag thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no, yuav tsum tau nruab ib daim phiaj, uas yuav suav nrog crossbars, racks thiab struts. Ua racks thiab struts, koj yuav tsum npaj ib tug 15-centimeter board, lub thickness ntawm uas yuav tsum yog 2.5 cm. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv ntoo ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 13 cm lossis ntau dua. Mauerlat yuav tsum nyob rau sab sauv ntawm phab ntsa, thiab tseem mus rau sab hauv lossis sab nraud.
Ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab yog Mauerlat
4-lub ru tsev muaj lub mauerlat uas yuav tsum yog 5 cm los yog ze rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov dav hlau sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa. Kev kho rau phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev raws li tsis txhob tsim windage, uas yuav ua rau kom loj loads nyob rau hauv muaj zog cua. Feem ntau, ntoo yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau Mauerlat, tab sis yog tias lub ru tsev thav duab yog ua los ntawm hlau, ces koj tuaj yeem siv I-beam lossis channel.
Rov tsev hauv thaj chaw Mauerlat
Yog tias koj tab tom xav txog yuav ua li cas ua lub ru tsev pitched nrog Mauerlat, tom kawg yog muab tso rau ntawm ib txheej waterproofing, uas tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv vov tsev. 40 cm tuaj yeem thim rov qab los ntawm sab sauv ntawm lub qab nthab, txhua 5 m, kev khiav yog txhawb nqa los ntawm racks, uas tau txiav rau hauv txaj nrog lawv qis kawg. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub strut thiab lub rafter yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 90 °. Yog hais tias, thaum tsim lub ru tsev pitched, rafter ceg yuav ntev dua, ces lub installation ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntxiv yuav tsum tau nqa mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub txaj. Txhua qhov txuas ntawm Mauerlat yuav tsum tau txuas nrog ob qhov txuas uas nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab tib lub sijhawm kho rau cov rafters. Ib tug txhim khu kev qha qauv yuav tsum tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub ru tsev system. Tab sis ib tus neeg Mauerlat ntu tuaj yeem nyob hauv qab ob txhais ceg.
Rafter system ntaus ntawv
4-pitched ru tsev muaj cov qauv kev txhawb nqa hauv daim ntawv rafter, nws muaj rafter ob txhais ceg, inclined struts,zoo li ntsug racks. Rafters yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo, cov khoom sib xyaw, cov hlau lossis cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Fasteners yog crossbars, struts, struts, thiab racks. Cov rafters txuas rau hauv trusses.
rau kev siv
Lub kaw lus truss yuav tsum tau txuas rau hauv daim duab peb sab, vim nws qhov nruj thiab ruaj khov. Rau rafters, koj tuaj yeem siv lub nqaj ntawm cov ntu sib txawv, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub rafter ob txhais ceg, xam tus nqi ntawm cov loads, nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov rafters. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov qauv yooj yim, ces qhov loj ntawm ntu tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 40x150 txog 100x250 millimeters.
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej ib nrab hinged ru
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los tsim lub tsev, lub ru tsev pitched tuaj yeem yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws, ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov qauv tsim no yog lub ru tsev ib nrab-hip. Cov ru tsev zoo li no haum rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cua muaj zog, raws li lawv tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm huab cua tam sim no, tshem tawm qhov yaig ntawm lub gable thiab tshuab. Lub qab nthab yuav yog thawj, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov chaw nyob. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom ua raws li qee yam thev naus laus zis thaum tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, ib tug screed yog poured nyob rau hauv lub perimeter ntawm lub ru tsev, studs nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 mm yog ntsia rau hauv nws txhua txhua 120 centimeters los yog tsawg dua. Cov fasteners no haum nrog xauv tuav, nruj nrog ceev. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los tsim ib Mauerlat, uas koj yuav tau nruab lub truss system.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhim kho rafters uas yuav txhawb nqantawm phab ntsa sab nrauv. Txhawm rau txo cov load ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lawv, yuav tsum tau ua nruj nreem txuas cov ceg rafter rau ib leeg. Ntug yuav so tawm tsam cov phab ntsa sab nrauv, thaum sab hauv yuav so tawm tsam cov kev txhawb nqa thiab sab hauv phab ntsa.
Cov rafters yog tsau rau ntawm lub ridge beam, uas yog pw rau saum. Nws yuav txuas cov kev txhawb nqa ua ke. Nyob rau ntawm lub duav, cov kab teeb yog ntxiv dag zog rau qhov kev txhawb nqa loj. Tag nrho cov seem yuav tsum tau kho rau lub ridge. Lub installation ntawm nruab nrab rafters yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej. Cov kauj ruam ntawm lawv yuav tsum sib npaug zos rau qhov dav ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal, qhov ntsuas no txawv ntawm 60 txog 120 cm.
vov tsev
Thawj kauj ruam yog los txiav txim seb lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev yuav yog dab tsi. Tus nqi nruab nrab nyob nruab nrab ntawm 11 thiab 60 °. Txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim atmospheric, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub ru tsev, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev. Rau cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, txoj kab nqes yuav tsum sib npaug li 40 °, thaum cov daus yuav tsis nyob ntawm lub ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov cua muaj zog, lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination yuav tsum me me. Hauv thaj chaw steppe thiab ntug hiav txwv dej, qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm 11 txog 45 °.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev
Rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cua daj cua dub, lub ru tsev tiaj tus yuav tsim nyog, lub ru tsev pitched yuav tsum tau muab ib txoj kab nqes. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm truss system. Chav tsev ru tsev no tuaj yeem ua zawv zawg, dai lossis txheej. Cov tom kawg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, nrog cov rafters so ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv thiab cov kab nruab nrab. Qhov ntev ntawm rafter ceg tuaj yeem sib npaug li 4.5 m, tab sis tsuas yog tias nws muaj zog, nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais los txuas cov ntsiab lus kom ntev.
Cov rafters yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv cov cuab yeej thiab hauv kev tsim, lawv muaj feem xyuam yog tias xav tau kom tau txais qhov loj. Lawv tau sau rau hauv av nrog lawv tus kheej lub crate, thiab tom qab ntawd lifted, leaning ntawm huab kev txhawb nqa. Tom qab ntawd, lub qab nthab yog nailed rau lub crate, uas muab cov qauv ntau zog. Rau lub ru tsev ru tsev truss, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov tuav nrog ib feem ntawm 30x150 mm. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab teeb yuav tsum yog 80 cm.
Slope yuav tsum tig hauv qab mus rau sab leeward. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum sib phim, thiab cov kab teeb thiab rafter ceg yuav tsum tsim ib daim duab peb sab. Cov rafters tau pw ntawm ib kawg ntawm Mauerlat zes, thaum lwm qhov kawg yuav tsum tau hammered rau hauv cov ntoo nrog slate rau tes. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ntseeg siab, lawv tau twisted nrog hlau. Mauerlat rau kev nyab xeeb yog khi rau ntawm phab ntsa los yog tsau nrog cov thauj tog rau nkoj ntev.
Cov lus pom zoo los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij ru tsev tiaj tus
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav yog kev tsim cov lathing los ntawm cov laug cam, uas tau kho nrog cov hluav taws kub-resistant thiab noo-pov thawj. Cov boards nyob rau hauv perpendicular mus rau lub rafters, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 15 cm. Rau lub crate, square bars yuav tsum tau siv, nrog ib sab ntawm 50 mm. Tom ntej no, ib lub vapor barrier yog nteg thiab tsau rau lub crate nrog me me rau tes nrog lub kaus mom dav. Tej zaum kawgyog hloov los ntawm staples ntawm kev tsim kho stapler. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog ua kom cov hauj lwm ceev, tab sis kuj txuas lub neej ntawm cov rafters.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab txheej txheej waterproofing yog ntsia, lub yob ntawm lub tom kawg yog unwound perpendicular mus rau lub rafters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov sawb tom ntej sib tshooj dhau los, thiab cov pob qij txha yuav tsum raug kaw.
Zaj lus
Rafter systems, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm pitched ru tsev, tuaj yeem suav nrog mansard trusses, trusses nrog nyuaj chords, txiab trusses lossis gable trusses. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm truss system yog ob txhais ceg, uas ua raws li kev txhawb nqa rau lub crate. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm lub ru tsev nqes hav.
Txoj kab nqes haum tshaj plaws rau lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev da dej uas koj xav kom npog nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev yog suav tias yog los ntawm 10 txog 15 °. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ob-txheej txheej ntawm lub hauv paus thiab txheej txheej ntawm vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv yuav txaus. Tab sis thaum tsim lub truss system, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm lub tsev. Yog hais tias nws loj, ces tus tsim yuav tsum tau supplemented nrog racks thiab fights.
