Tom qab kev tsim kho lub tsev tiav, koj tuaj yeem pib kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Txhua yam pib ntawm lub qab nthab. Ua ntej xaiv cov khoom siv, nrog rau kev xaiv tsim, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov tsim ntawm chav tsev, vim hais tias qhov no ntawm chav tsev yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa.
Kev xaiv tiav
Yog tias koj xav kho lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum suav cov peev nyiaj uas koj npaj yuav siv. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev xaiv pheej yig uas yuav saib stylish thiab meej. Tab sis yog tias nws muaj peev xwm siv nyiaj rau cov kev daws teeb meem kim, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsom rau cov tiam tam sim no.
Cov kev xaiv ua tiav niaj hnub no yog:
- painting;
- plaster;
- whitewash;
- gypsum;
- ncua thiab ncab qab nthab;
- stucco.
Koj tuaj yeem xaiv ntoo tsim, nplaum yas lossis ntawv phab ntsa, ua npuas ncauj vuas los yog nruab phab ntsa ntub dej kom theem saum npoo. Haum rau cov vuas ceramic. Lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug tsis tau tawm nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes zoo li hauv chav tsev. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj ntawm tshav kub thiab vapor barrier.
Qhia rau kev txhim kho lub qab nthab
Lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yog cov txheej txheem ntau txheej, uas suav nrog:
- ntxhib nto;
- vapor barrier;
- txheej txheej dej;
- thermal rwb thaiv tsev;
- muag nto.
Rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau kuj yog lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Kev tsim qauv tuaj yeem ua raws li cov plag tsev ntoo, uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tsev ntiag tug. Yooj yim ntawm kev tsim, durability thiab tus nqi qis - tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov no. Lub installation ntawm lub qab nthab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, uas tsis nyob ntawm seb hom qab nthab, nws yuav ua tau pob zeb los yog ntoo. Qhov txawv tsuas yog txoj kev koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog pob zeb ua pob zeb, koj yuav tau ua qhov hauv nws thiab nruab dowels. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug ntoo pem teb, txhua yam yog yooj yim dua. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv, lub hau ntswj, tus kheej tapping screws, rauj thiab rau tes yog siv. Lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes tuaj yeem ua rau hauv hemmed, vaj huam sib luag lossis hauv pem teb. Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav sheathe lub qab nthab.cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, lossis koj npaj yuav siv tam sim ntawd, vam tias qhov kev thov kom zoo nkauj tsim nyob rau theem no. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv slats, beams thiab boards. Lawv yuav hais txog cov xim ntawm lub tsev thiab haum rau txhua qhov sib tshooj.
Yog tias peb xav txog qhov sib tshooj, lawv tuaj yeem faib los ntawm hom thiab lub hom phiaj. Los ntawm kev pom zoo, cov kabmob ntawm lub qab nthab partitions yog:
- tsis muaj;
- beam.
Thawj yog cov khoom siv sib xws, nws tuaj yeem yog slabs lossis panels uas yog siv los ua flooring. Thaum cov kab teeb ua raws li cov kabmob nto, cov txheej txheem xws li kev sib tshooj yog hu ua beam. Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov sib tshooj tuaj yeem yog:
- attic;
- pem hauv ntej;
- pem hauv ntej;
- interfloor.
cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho lub qab nthab cuav
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej cuav qab nthab hauv tsev ntiag tug yog sai dua thiab yooj yim dua los ua piv rau vaj huam sib luag lossis hauv pem teb. Qhov kev tsim no suav nrog kev siv cov ntoo thiab cov laug cam. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yuav ua haujlwm raws li kab teeb uas ib hom teeb tsa lub qab nthab txuas nrog. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov dav ntawm cov laug cam, lub qab nthab yuav saib ntau dua thiab ua phem. Ntuj ridges thiab knots muab cov ntoo zoo li rustic.
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kheej tes, kev xaiv qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej. Ntawm lwm cov kev daws teeb meem, tus qauv tsim hemmed yuav tsum tau hais txog. Txhawm rau txuag nyiaj, koj tuaj yeem siv 25 cmlub rooj tsavxwm. Cov khoom no yuav tsis sag, xws li rau rooj plaub thaum cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kab teeb yog ntau tshaj 2 m.
Ntoo khaws cov dej noo, uas ua rau qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv ntoo, tsis kam yuav ib lub rooj tsavxwm nrog lub thickness ntawm ntau tshaj 4 cm. Qhov hla ntawm lub beam yuav tsum tau xaiv rau hauv tus account seb yuav ua li cas rau saum lub qab nthab. Nws tuaj yeem yog chav tsev, chav tsev nyob lossis chav tsev. Qhov kev txiav txim siab yog qhov xav tau rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Yog tias muaj chav tsis muaj cua sov saum lub qab nthab, tom qab ntawd cov cheeb tsam nrog lub caij ntuj no txias yuav xav tau ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm 20 cm lossis ntau dua. Rau cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb, daim duab no tuaj yeem txo qis rau 10 cm.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Yog tias koj xav insulate lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv polystyrene lossis ntxhia wool rau qhov no. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam lees cov ntaub ntawv ntau, vim tias lawv tsis haum rau kev txhim kho lub qab nthab los ntawm sab hauv. Styrofoam granules, sawdust lossis nthuav av nplaum tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias lub rwb thaiv tsev yog nqa tawm ntawm sab ntawm lub qab nthab. Txawm li cas los xij, thev naus laus zis ntawm cov cuab yeej hemming tsis muab rau cov kev ua li no.
Thaum npaj ib lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, tsis yog cov laug cam, koj tuaj yeem siv cov plywood lossis OSB. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv no yuav raug nqi ntau dua, vim nws yuav xav tau kev yuav khoom tiav.
Cov lus qhia rau kev txhim kho hemming
Beams tuaj yeem ua ib feem ntawm cov ntoo saum toj kawg nkaus. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim. HauvQhov thib ob, cov ntoo yog tsau nrog studs, hlau fab lossis staples. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav cov kab teeb rau hauv qab nthab, koj yuav tsum siv cov hlua hlau. Lawv txuas rau phab ntsa nrog screws. Txhua lub plag tsev yog pw rau saum cov phab ntsa uas muaj cov kabmob. Ib kauj ruam ntawm 0.6 mus rau 1 m yuav tsum tau saib ntawm cov kab teeb.
Raws li ntu ntu ntawm kab teeb, txoj cai yuav tsum tau siv ntawm no: ntau dua, zoo dua. Nws yog ua tau los nteg ib tug 60 x 100 mm board ntawm ntug. Cov khoom no muab kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua tiav nrog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj. Yog tias koj xav ua lub qab nthab pheej yig hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem siv trimming boards uas yuav siv los kho cov kab teeb. Lawv yuav tsum xub ua hauv av. Inserts tsis tuaj yeem txiav kom loj. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv.
Beams tuaj yeem coj tawm ntawm phab ntsa cib. Yuav tsum muaj 5 cm los yog ntau tshaj rau ntawm ntug. Cov zes raug kaw nrog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj lossis mounting ua npuas ncauj. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog plastering nrog gypsum los yog cement mortar. Cov tuav yog fastened ua ke nrog tshwj xeeb brackets. Thaum txhim kho lub qab nthab, cov kab ntoo yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze ntawm lub chimney. Qhov kev ncua deb yog 40 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, cov ntoo yog kho nrog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws thiab qhwv nrog ib daim ntawv asbestos.
Thaum muab lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum ceev cov laug cam rau cov ntoo nrog cov ntsia hlau ntev los yog tus kheej tapping screws. Fasteners raug ntsia rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45˚. Thaum insulating lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsumnteg lub thermal rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv qhov qhib nruab nrab ntawm cov tuav ntawm lub vapor barrier txheej. Tom qab ntawd, lub vapor barrier membrane yog stretched, thiab nws fastening yog nqa tawm nrog ib tug tsim stapler thiab staples.
Yog tias muaj lub qab nthab saum lub qab nthab, lub vapor barrier yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv ci. Cov khoom no muab cov nyhuv cuam tshuam thiab yuav rov qab los rau hauv tsev. Yog hais tias cov boards muab tso rau saum cov kab hauv pem teb, cov ntoo yuav pom. Cov nyhuv no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim lub qab nthab. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib chav, nws yuav tsim tau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsw.
dawb ceilings
Cov tshuab zoo li no haum rau qhov chaw me me. Qhov no yog vim cov qauv tsim. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kabmob tsis txuas rau hauv pem teb sab saud, tab sis rau cov phab ntsa. Cov ncej txhawb tsis tau muab rau ntawm no, muaj qee qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2.5 m.
Thaum muab lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xub nyeem cov lus qhia. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas nws, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov qab nthab hauv pem teb yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhim kho cov chav dej hluav taws xob thiab chav nyob me me. Rau xws li ib tug system, ib tug cua ntsawj ntshab qab nthab, thermal rwb thaiv tsev, ib tug ntawv ci vapor barrier thiab ib tug xov txheej yuav tsum tau pw. Styrofoam los yog cov ntaub plaub ntxhia tuaj yeem ua lub rhaub.
Yog tias koj siv ob-txheej polypropylene vapor barrier daim nyias nyias, cov yeeb yaj kiab tau muab tso ua ntej tso cov hluav taws kub. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov twg sab ntawm cov khoom yog tig rau ntawm chav tsev. Cov membranes qhia rau pem hauv ntejsab. Ntxim qab ua luaj li os.
Thaum xaiv cov pem teb version ntawm lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, nrog koj tus kheej tes koj yuav tsum tau nruab cov khoom thauj khoom - kab teeb. Lawv yuav ris lub nra hnyav. Raws li kab teeb, koj tuaj yeem siv 5 cm boards lossis square bars nrog ib sab ntawm 10 cm. Cov fab hlau yuav tsum tau siv rau fastening rau phab ntsa. Koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- vapor barrier;
- daim kab xev;
- tshav kub insulator;
- slats;
- tus kheej tapping screws;
- nails.
theem ua haujlwm
Ntawm qhov siab xav tau, nruab ib lub bar, txhawm rau kho cov ces kaum twg siv. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm tsis sib haum, uas nyob ntawm txoj kab ntawm kab teeb. Koj tuaj yeem tsis kam nruab lub lumber no.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov laug cam nruab nrab yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias lub tsev sab saud xav tau kev txhawb nqa. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum pib nteg lub vapor barrier thiab lub rwb thaiv tsev txheej. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, cov ntaub pua plag yog hemmed, uas yuav tsim lub qab nthab kawg. Nruab nrab ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub casing, ib tug centimeter qhov cua qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tau sab laug. Hloov cov laug cam, hauv ob sab phlu feem ntau siv thaum txhim kho lub qab nthab. Qhov no tso cai rau kev ua tiav niaj hnub.
kho qab nthab
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej kho qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yuav tsum pib nrog kev rhuav tshem cov txheej qub. Tom ntej no, kev tu mus rau hauv pem teb slab yog nqa tawm. Hauv nws koj tuaj yeempom gaping qhov thiab loj crevices. Cement plugs kuj tuaj yeem poob. Tej daim ntawm lub qub mortar yuav tsum tau hollowed tawm ntawm cov kab nrib pleb. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas cov av noo ntawm lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiav nrog koj tus kheej tes. Yog tias daim duab no siab heev, cov qauv yog cais los ntawm cov dej noo. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug nkag mus rau primer. Cov khoom no crystallizes nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm lub pob zeb thiab tsis cia ya raws nkag mus rau hauv, displaces lub uas twb muaj lawm ib tug. Ib qhov tob tob tob tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntub dej.
kauj ruam tom ntej yog sau cov kab nrib pleb thiab so. Rau qhov no, cement-based putty yog tsim nyog. Nws puv seam. Nthuav av nplaum granules, gravel pebbles los yog cib fragments tuaj yeem poob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj ntau dhau yog muab tshem tawm nrog spatula, saum npoo yog sab laug kom qhuav. Tom qab ntawd cov seams yuav tsum dhau nrog ib tug primer dua. Txhawm rau kom cov seams muaj zog thiab tsis tawg, lawv yuav tsum tau muab khi nrog cov ntaub nplaum ntxiv.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib plastering. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv zog heev. Koj yuav xav tau ob hom gypsum plaster sib tov. Thawj txheej yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm pib plaster, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev ua tiav. Qhov kawg txheej yuav tsum smoother thiab denser. Tom qab sib tsoo ntawm qhov chaw, cov plua plav tawm ntawm lub qab nthab.
Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem thov lwm txheej av. Nyob rau theem no, peb tuaj yeem xav tias lub qab nthab yog npaj rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj.
Tiav
Tau tshuaj xyuas cov duab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov chaw ntawm chav nrog koj tus kheej tes. Piv txwv li,plastered nto tuaj yeem pleev xim. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog dej-raws li thiab dej-dispersion formulations. Lawv yog cov eco-phooj ywg, tsis kim heev thiab yooj yim rau kev thov. Yuav kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj, yuav tsum muaj kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, kom pom lub qab nthab, nws yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau cov xim glossy.
Lub qab nthab plastered tuaj yeem ua phab ntsa. Kev ua kom zoo meej ntawm lub dav hlau tsis tas yuav tsum muaj nyob ntawm no, uas txawv qhov kev xaiv zoo nkauj no los ntawm kev siv cov xim. Lub qab nthab yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog te thiab qhov tsis xws luag uas tob dhau los yog protruding.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj tiav yog daim ntawv thov ntawm plaster. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej kev ua tib zoo saib xyuas, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem nkaum qhov tsis xws luag. Tab sis tseem ceeb flaws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm plastering nrog ib tug zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis txawv los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm uas zoo tib yam plaster yog koom tes. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hniav plastering xav tau nws.
In xaus
Los ntawm kev txhim kho lub qab nthab hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov system uas yuav ua tau raws li koj xav tau. Piv txwv li, kev rwb thaiv tsev sab hauv tuaj yeem raug tso tseg hauv kev pom zoo ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm lub qab nthab. Yog li koj theem qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sib tshooj qis. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua sov, nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev sab hauv, lub qab nthab tuaj yeem poob los ntawm 70 hli, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam txias, cov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem siv txog 200 hli.
