Kev lag luam niaj hnub, engineering, kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab lwm yam kev lag luam yog raws li kev siv hlau. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv, lub zog thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov tsev nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab kev tshaj lij uas cov roj vuam tau ua tiav. Niaj hnub no, cov kws tshaj lij uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog hlau yog qhov xav tau, thiab qhov zoo ntawm vuam tau ua kom nws txoj kev siv dav hauv kev lag luam, hauv kev tsim cov nkoj, reactors, aircraft, turbines, txuas hniav, thiab lwm yam tsim nyog cov qauv.
Qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tswvyim
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim khu kev qha ntawm cov khoom hlau thiab tau txais kev sib txuas tsis sib xws ntawm lawv los ntawm kev siv cua sov los yog ib nrab yog hu ua vuam. Nyob ntawm lub zog siv rau kev sib txuas, nws yog ib txwm ua los faib ua peb pawg:
- thermomechanical,
- mechanical.
Txhua yam kev ua haujlwm uas tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub zog thermal yog rau thawj pab pawg. Hluav taws xob tam sim no, hluav taws xob nqaj hlau, hluav taws xob arc, hluav taws xob laser, cov nplaim hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teebmeem thermal. Raws li qhov no, muaj kev faib ua laser, hluav taws xob thiab roj vuam ua haujlwm.
Roj-nplaim txuas ntawm qhov chaw
Gas welding yog ua los ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws kub. Propane, acetylene, butane, MAF, hydrogen yog cov khoom tseem ceeb uas, ua ke nrog oxygen, ignite, thiab tshav kub tawm thaum lub sij hawm combustion, melting cov ntaub ntawv muab tub lim thiab nto yuav welded.
Tsis ntev los no, ntau acetylene tau hloov los ntawm liquefied MAF. Nws muab kev ua tau zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li no thiab zoo heev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke welded. MAF tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li acetylene, pheej yig dua, yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los, tab sis tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv muab tub lim uas muaj silicon thiab manganese.
Cov cua sov los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa roj thiab oxygen fuses qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom ntxiv, tsim cov vuam. Cov nplaim hluav taws yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov pa oxygen, thiab cov rods muab tub lim raug xaiv raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tuab ntawm lub hauv paus hlau.
Gas welding yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib xws thiab maj mam cua sov ntawm cov hlau. Txheej txheem txheej txheem:
- steel nrog lub thickness ntawm 0, 2 thiab tsis ntau tshaj 5 hli;
- non-ferrous hlau;
- homsteels xav tau cua sov me me thiab maj mam txias;
- cam khwb cia hlau;
- qee steels uas yuav tsum tau cua sov los koom.
hom vuam no kuj siv rau hauv kev kho.
Pros and cons of gas welding
YDignity:
- khoom siv yooj yim.
- Gas welding tsis xav tau lub zog muaj zog.
- Cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem tswj tau thiab, los ntawm kev hloov lub zog, tswj cov cua sov ntawm cov hlau.
Flaws:
- Slow ceev ntawm cua sov qhov chaw nrog taws.
- Dav qhov cua sov thaj chaw, cua sov dissipation yog muaj zog.
- Txuag hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj vuam / txiav nrog nce hlau tuab.
Lub tswvyim thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm hluav taws xob vuam
Hluav taws xob tiv thaiv vuam tsuas yog nqa cov hlau los ua kom mos thiab tuav cov khoom ua ke. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau los ntawm kev hla hluav taws xob los ntawm nws thiab cov electrode hu ua hluav taws xob arc vuam.
Direct lossis alternating tam sim no yog muab rau lub ntsaws uas lub electrode yog tsau, thiab rau cov hlau. Ib qho hluav taws xob arc tshwm sim ntawm lawv. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm tam sim no, nws yaj cov electrode, hlau thiab txuas cov khoom ua ke.
Hluav taws xob vuam yuav tsum muaj qee yam khoom siv:
- khoom siv rau kev muab tam sim no (transformer, rectifier, inverter).
- Electrode rau vuam (yuav tsum ua tam sim no los ntawm lub ntsaws rau cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm melting, lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv txawv thicknesses nyob ntawm qhov kev cob cog rua.hlau).
Lub zog tam sim no yuav tsum tau tswj hwm, vim tias nrog cov hlau loj nws yuav hlawv tawm, thiab nrog ib qho me me, cov electrode yuav lo rau saum npoo.
vuam phom sij
Main gas txaus ntshai:
- khoom tawg hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tog raj kheej roj;
- xov xwm kub heev;
- pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thiab hlawv raug mob thaum ua haujlwm;
- tsis zoo rau tib neeg lub cev ntawm cov pa tawm thiab cov teeb ci teeb pom kev zoo ntawm qhov muag.
Kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj vuam thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kub hnyiab thiab raug mob.
Txoj cai ntawm cov roj vuam ua haujlwm
Cov neeg uas tau mus txog hnub nyoog feem ntau thiab muaj cov ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb raug tso cai ua haujlwm ntawm hom no. Gas welding thiab hluav taws xob vuam ua haujlwm yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb tsim, uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv hauv kev pom zoo ntawm Ministry of Labor ntawm Social Protection ntawm Lavxias Federation No. 1101n hnub tim 23 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014. Cov kev cai no muaj feem xyuam rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tus cwj pwm, lub koom haum chaw ua haujlwm, cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv.
Kev nyab xeeb ua ntej pib ua haujlwm
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev phom sij, cov cai hauv qab no yuav tsum ua raws:
- roj welding ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua tiav hauv cov hluav taws-tiv taus, lub npog ntsej muag tiv thaiv lossis tsom iav tsaus;
- tsis haus luam yeeb;
- daim tshev tsis tu ncuakev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej;
- ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw thiab cov kua dej;
- roj cylinders muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau tshaj 20 meters ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov roj vuam;
- paub txog cov cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev thauj mus los ntawm cov cuab yeej;
- ua haujlwm tsuas yog hauv qhov chaw tsim thiab tsim tshwj xeeb;
- thaum hluav taws xob vuam, hluav taws xob poob siab yog ua tau, yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua ntej txuas nrog lub network;
- Tshuaj xyuas qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob;
- thaum ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov, cov khoom siv yuav tsum tiv thaiv los ntawm ya raws thiab nag lossis daus.
Yog tias tsis ua raws li cov xwm txheej no, kev vuam tsis raug tso cai.
