Rau ntau tus neeg, caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog txuam nrog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo, thaum noog cherry pib tawg. Ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv cov tiaj ua si thiab lub vaj, raws ntug dej ntawm pas dej thiab dej, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau ntawm ntug hav zoov, elegant ntoo thiab bushes mam li nco dheev tshwm sim, enveloped nyob rau hauv ib tug huab ntawm dawb aroma paj. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj xwb, nws kuj muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas tau siv dav los ntawm cov kws muag tshuaj hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj. Nyeem ntxiv txog noog cherry, cog thiab tu nws.
Thaj chaw thiab daim ntawv thov
Nov yog tsob ntoo zoo nkauj nyob rau sab Europe ntawm peb lub tebchaws, txij li thaj tsam steppe mus rau hav zoov heev-tundra, Western Siberia ntawm North Caucasus. Noog cherry kuj loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Northern Qaib Cov Txwv, Transcaucasia, Nyiv, Kauslim Teb, Mongolia, Tuam Tshoj thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub Himalayas.
Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lwm lub tebchaws tom qab-Soviet, noog cherry tau nquag siv los cog zaub ntsuab hauv nroog thiab nroog. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nplooj yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws, thiab ua tsaug rau nws cov paj tsw qab, nws yog ib qho zoo zib ntab nroj tsuag. Cov nroj notsim phytoncides hauv ntau qhov ntau, uas muaj peev xwm tua tau ntau yam kab mob pathogenic.
Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo noj tau. Lawv yog siv los ua ib qho filling rau pies, rau kev npaj ntawm ntau yam dej qab zib thiab jelly. Noog cherry muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm pab tau siv ob leeg nyob rau hauv pej xeem thiab official tshuaj. Cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj vitamin C thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb. Tom qab brewed lawv ua ke nrog paj, peb tau txais tshuaj yej tshuaj yej uas pab tau ntau yam kab mob ntsws. Tsis tas li ntawd, elastic thiab tib lub sijhawm cov ntoo mos yog siv rau hauv cov ntoo, thiab cov xim xim av thiab ntsuab yog tsim los ntawm cov tawv ntoo.
Kev piav qhia
Noog cherry yog ib tsob ntoo siab lossis tsob ntoo, feem ntau muaj ntau lub stemmed, nrog dub-grey matte cracking bark. Thaum pib ntsuab, cov tua sai sai hloov xim rau xim av interspersed nrog dawb-daj lenticels. Qhov siab ntawm noog cherry tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10-17 meters.
Cov nplooj yog elliptical nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab loj hlob mus txog 15 cm ntev. Lawv apex yog ntse thiab luv, thiab daim hlau yog sharply serrated thiab me ntsis wrinkled. Cov xim yog grey hauv qab, thiab xiav-ntsuab, tsaus saum toj.
Noog cherry paj muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis hnov tsw, feem ntau dawb, tsis tshua muaj xim liab, sau rau hauv cov lush txhuam, qhov ntev ntawm 8 mus rau 12 cm. Lawv tawg nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis, npog tag nrho cov ntoo. nrog huab dawb. Nws flowering ua hauj lwm raws li ib hom kev qhia, raws liuas txiav txim siab pib ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov.
Noog cherry belongs rau tsev neeg Pink, genus - Plum. Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog spherical, ci iab, pleev xim rau dub. Lawv yog cov edible thiab qab zib nyob rau hauv saj, tab sis astringent. Lub sijhawm ripening yog qhov kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws cov pawg ntsuab tig dub thiab ua kom pom tseeb tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov nplooj daj.
Luag
Qhov piv ntawm noog cherry rau lub teeb yog qhov zoo. Nws nyiam heev ntawm qhov chaw tshav ntuj, nrog rau thaj chaw dav, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws yog qhov ntxoov ntxoo heev. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom cog lwm tsob ntoo nyob ib sab ntawm nws, qhov no yuav txhawb nqa cov paj ntoo khaub lig thiab sau qoob loo zoo. Kev cog ntoo yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov yub yuav tsum nyob deb tsawg kawg 5 meters sib nrug.
Vim cov noog cherry yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg, tsis muaj dej noo, me ntsis acidic lossis nruab nrab av yog zoo meej rau nws. Txhawm rau cog tsob ntoo hluas, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub qhov, qhov dav thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog li ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter'. Nws yuav tsum tau moistened nrog dej kom txaus, npog nrog ib tug tsis heev tuab txheej ntawm xoob lub ntiaj teb, ces sawdust thiab ib tug me ntsis av. Txhua txheej yog watered nrog dej nrog 80-100 g ntawm ntxhia chiv diluted nyob rau hauv nws.
Tom qab ntawd, cov yub tau muab tso rau hauv qhov tob ntawm 30 cm, hauv qhov no, lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum nyob ntawm theem av lossis nce tsis tshaj 1-2 cm saum toj no. Cov hauv paus hniav yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb, peat mulch yog tsim thiab watered. Tom qab cog tsob ntootxiav kom nws qhov siab tsis tshaj 50-70 cm. Cov noog cherry tsis ntshai Frost, yog li nws tsis xav tau chaw nkaum.
Plant care
Nyob noog cherry yog tsob ntoo unpretentious. Nws tsuas yog xav tau ob peb watering thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo. Ib qho kev zam tuaj yeem tsuas yog kub dhau thiab qhuav lub caij ntuj sov. Nws yog ib advisable mus loosen cov av nyob ze ntawm lub pob tw ob peb zaug thaum lub sij hawm lub caij thiab tshem tawm cov zus nroj tsuag. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov av pib deplete, yog li koj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws.
Cov kws paub paub gardeners qhia kev huv huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag txhua xyoo, raws li lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ua tuab heev. Thaum thinning, tawg thiab kab mob ceg raug tshem tawm, thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev txiav yog kho nrog lub vaj teb. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rejuvenate cov nroj tsuag, raws li zoo raws li ho nce yield, nws yog tsim nyog los txiav down muaj zog thickets. Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov nroj tsuag hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau lub stemmed shrub, lossis raws li tsob ntoo nrog qia.
Txhawm rau tsim ib lub vaj lush, tus noog cherry seedling raug txiav mus rau qhov siab ntawm ib nrab ib 'meter', thaum tawm hauv plaub qhov kev loj hlob ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim lub thib ob thiab thib peb theem ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm cov nroj tsuag hluas yuav tsum tau muab cov nroj tsuag ib ntus thiab loosened, nrog rau tshem tawm cov cag ntoo tawm.
Mas noog cherry yog siv los ua tsob ntoo ornamental. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws feem ntau tawm tsam los ntawm kab tsuag, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem txav mus rau cov qoob loo txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Raws nraim li noxwm txheej qee yam txwv tsis pub nws kis tau.
Feem ntau nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm mining npauj, hawthorn thiab aphids. Muaj ntau xyoo thaum qhov ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab tsuag loj heev, tom qab ntawd cov qoob loo yuav tsis nyob txhua qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, ua raws li kev tswj xyuas kab, cov nroj tsuag no tseem pom zoo rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj, vim nws zoo nkauj heev thiab lub caij ntuj no-hnyav heev.
Cov kab mob noog cherry feem ntau yog cov kab mob powdery mildew, cytosporosis, red spotting, coniothyroidism thiab hnab tshos ntawm paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov kawg yog suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los txiav txim siab qhov kab mob ntawm cov noog cherry nrog nws - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib maj mam tig xim av thiab ua taw tes rau saum. Tom qab ntawd lawv lengthen thiab tuaj yeem khoov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no yeej tsis muaj noob. Raws li rau cov kab mob paj, lawv yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no tau yooj yim heev los ntawm huab cua ntub thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov.
Reproduction
Noog cherry yog bred los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, txiav, grafting, noob, txheej, thiab vegetatively. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua hom kev luam tawm zoo sib xws. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cuttings noj paus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, noob propagation yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov qoob loo no. Ua ntej koj pib sowing ib tug qoob loo, nws cov noob yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv moistened xuab zeb los yog nyob rau hauv moss ntawm ib tug kub ntawm kwv yees li +5 ⁰С.
Cov nroj tsuag yog grafted nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij ntuj no yooj yimlos yog txhim kho kev sib raug zoo. Budding kuj tso cai, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Noog cherry seedlings yog zoo heev raws li ib tug rootstock rau ob txoj kev. Cov ciaj sia taus ntawm buds (budding) thiab cuttings (copulation) yog siab heev - nyob rau hauv 98 tus neeg ntawm 100.
Feem ntau cov qoob loo no yog grafted nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lawv xav tsim kom muaj ntau yam qoob loo uas qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshwj xeeb, paj, thiab lwm yam yuav loj tuaj. poob, txij li tsuas yog ib tsob nroj zoo tib yam tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm cov noob tseem ceeb. Kev xaiv saib tuaj yeem tau txais raws li hauv qab no. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau cov nroj tsuag zoo tib yam, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no noog cherry, uas yuav siv los ua khoom lag luam. Lub scion yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj feem xyuam rau cov qauv yug me nyuam.
Ntau tus neeg ua teb xav tsis thoob "dab tsi tuaj yeem ua grafted ntawm noog cherry". Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov sib thooj ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Piv txwv li, noog cherry tuaj yeem yog cov khoom lag luam zoo heev rau qee qhov cog qoob loo ntau yam. Nws scion yuav pib sai sai, ntxiv mus, xws manipulation yog heev pab tau rau sab qaum teb cheeb tsam. Qhov tseeb yog tias noog cherry yuav muab cherry tsis tsuas yog nws cov kab mob feem ntau, tab sis kuj Frost kuj.
khoom muaj txiaj ntsig
Noog cherry, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Nws muaj sedative, diaphoretic,diuretic, astringent, tonic, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic thiab antiscorbutic zog. Cov nroj tsuag no siv yuav luag tag nrho, suav nrog nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tawv ntoo thiab paj, tag nrho ua tsaug rau nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, cov tshuaj nquag hauv qab no tau pom nyob rau hauv noog cherry:
- Vitamin ntau ntau;
- organic acids;
- flavonoids;
- glycosides;
- phytoncides;
- anthocyanins;
- roj roj;
- routine;
- saccharides;
- ntau yam kab ntsig;
- tannins.
Ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, noog cherry muaj cov khoom tsawg heev. Cov no suav nrog dawb hydrocyanic acid thiab benzaldehyde. Rau kev tsim cov tshuaj, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag feem ntau yog siv vim lawv muaj tannins, nrog rau citric thiab malic organic acids. Lawv muaj nuj nqis heev rau lawv cov astringent thiab anti-inflammatory zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnyuv thiab plab.
Tshuaj ntsuab
Paj, tawv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm noog cherry yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj. Cov khoom nyoos yog khaws cia tshwj xeeb hauv huab cua qhuav, zoo tshaj plaws thaum sawv ntxov, thaum dej lwg los, lossis thaum hnub kawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum paub tias koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav axial tua ntawm noog cherry, nrog rau tawg ceg thaum lub sij hawm nws flowering. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sau tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub tawb. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab khaws cia rau lub sij hawm ntev - ntau tshaj 3-4 teev.
Noog cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ziab hauvCov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb, qhov kub ntawm qhov yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 40-50 ⁰C. Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no txawm tias nyob hauv Lavxias. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov no, ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nchuav rau hauv lub vas los yog mus rau ib lub txaj ntawm daim ntawv los yog daim ntaub nrog ib txheej ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 1-2 cm thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub, nplawm ib ntus. Ua ntej xa cov ntaub ntawv raw rau kev khaws cia, tshem cov stalks, txhuam thiab hlawv berries. Lub txee lub neej ntawm xws li ib tug sau yog tsis ntau tshaj 3-5 xyoo. Cov khoom siv qhuav qhuav yog qab zib thiab qaub hauv saj, muaj qhov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj xim liab lossis greyish txheej hauv cov quav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsim los ntawm cov suab thaj crystallized.
Raws cov paj ntawm noog cherry, lawv tau sau thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm tsob ntoo. Lub neej txee ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib xyoos. Lub bark ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog harvested nrog qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws tuaj yeem qhuav hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cua zoo lossis sab nraum zoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm +40 ⁰C, kuj tau tso cai. Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov tawv tawv kom qhuav yog li 5 xyoos.
Siv tshuaj ntsuab
Noog cherry txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv los ua ib qho tshuaj astringent rau cov kab mob plab, kab mob plab thiab tsis kis kab mob. Decoctions los ntawm cov ceg thiab cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav pab tau raws li ib tug diuretic rau kev ua txhaum ntawm mineral metabolism thiab ib co kab mob plawv. Yog hais tias koj ua ib qho infusion los ntawm lawv, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug tshuaj loog rau rheumatism, sciatica thiab txo cov hniav.
Nkauj kho siabnoog cherry paj yog siv los npaj ib decoction, uas yuav ua rau indispensable rau cov metabolism hauv tsis zoo, pulmonary tuberculosis thiab ntau yam kub taub hau. Ib qho infusion ua los ntawm paj thiab nplooj tuaj yeem siv los ua tshuaj pleev thiab ntxuav cov kab mob qhov muag xws li blepharitis, keratitis thiab conjunctivitis. Feem ntau, cov nroj tsuag no yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub zeem muag.
Ib qho tshuaj ua los ntawm nplooj yog siv los kho mob ntsws, mob ntsws thiab mob raws plab. Nws kuj yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sab nraud uas tuaj yeem pab nrog stomatitis thiab lwm yam kab mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Lotions kho boils. Cov infusion kuj tseem siv rau douching nrog trichomonas colpitis thiab leucorrhea.
YContraindications
Ua ntej siv cov tshuaj, uas suav nrog cov noog cherry, daim duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no, koj yuav tsum tau txais cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj uas nws noj thiab cov cai yuav tsum tau ua.
Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov ceg ntoo, tawv ntoo, paj thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj cov tshuaj glycoside amygdalin. Nws muaj peev xwm zom tau rau hauv qabzib thiab hydrocyanic acid sai li sai tau thaum nws nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog ib tug overdose ntawm tom kawg, hnyav intoxication tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv me me, hydrocyanic acid tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev npaj los ntawm noog cherry yog kiag licontraindicated ob qho tib si thaum cev xeeb tub thiab lactation.
