Botanically hais lus, eggplant yog ib tug Berry; raws li ib tug ua noj, nws yog ib tug zaub. Thiab nyob rau yav qab teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, feem ntau nws yog hu ua tsuas yog xiav. Hauv kev tshawb fawb, nws tau hais tias eggplants yog cov nroj tsuag herbaceous ntawm tsev neeg Solanaceae (ib xyoos), pear-puab txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas hnyav los ntawm 0.35 mus rau 1 kilogram (thiab lawv qhov ntev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.7 meters). Tsuas yog lawv noj tau xwb (tsuas yog tsob ntoo tsis noj).
Qhov tseem ceeb! Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo me me, vim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo overripe muaj qhov ntxhib ntxhib ntxhib los mos thiab tsis qab heev.
Eggplant, uas nws lub sij hawm vegetative nws txawv ntawm 2-5 lub hlis, yog ib tug heev tshav kub-hlub nroj. Nyob rau hauv Russia, tsuas yog cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb tuaj yeem khav tau ntau lub hnub sov thiab tshav ntuj. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom cov nroj tsuag txhim kho kom zoo thiab muab cov qoob loo zoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog eggplants los ntawm seedlings. Yuav ua li cas npaj cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag (lawv yog tiaj thiab me me; lub teeb xim av xim) rau cog? Yuav ua li cas kom tau seedlings thiab yuav tu li cas rau lawv li ntawdPuas muaj cov nroj tsuag muaj zog, muaj zog thiab tsim nyog rau cog hauv av qhib lossis tsev cog khoom? Cia peb xav txog nws. Ntxiv mus, txheej txheem ntawm cog eggplant yog heev mob heev, tab sis tsim nyog nws.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Raws li cov ntawv sau thaum ub, cov kws tshawb fawb tau los xaus tias 1500 xyoo dhau los, cov qe qes qus tau loj hlob hauv Is Nrias teb, South Asia thiab Middle East. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw uas cov nroj tsuag no pib mus rau active cultivated. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, cov neeg European "tau paub" nrog cov zaub zoo sib xws, txaus siab rau nws qhov muaj nqis tiag. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau coj mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Russia, coj hauv paus thiab ua nrov heev. Thaum pib, kev cog qoob loo tau ua tiav tshwj xeeb hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv pib ua qhov no nyob rau sab qaum teb, tsis muaj kev vam meej.
Hnub no, ua tsaug rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg yug tsiaj, ntau ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj no tau bred, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tau noj los ntawm tib neeg. Cov zaub yog txawv los ntawm xim, qhov loj thiab cov duab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nruab nrab nrog cov xim liab tsaus yog suav tias yog ib txwm muaj.
Hnub cog eggplant rau seedlings
Yog li thaum twg yuav tseb noob rau cov noob? Txhua yam nyob ntawm seb koj nyob qhov twg. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, eggplant seedlings yuav tsum tau cog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Peb Hlis.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom sowing eggplant seedlings nyob rau hnub xws li lub hli tshiab thiab lub hli puv.
Hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua hnyav dua, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cog eggplants nyob rau lub Ob Hlis. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj: lub cheeb tsam txias dua, qhov ua ntej ntawm kev cog cov noob. Thaum xam lub sij hawm ntawm cog, ib tug yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm lub fact tias cov noob yuav sprout nyob rau hauv ob lub lis piam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob yuav siv li 2 lub hlis (lossis tej zaum ntau dua) ua ntej cog rau hauv tsev cog khoom lossis qhib hauv av. Yog li nws hloov tawm tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam txias, nws yog lub Ob Hlis uas cog eggplant (hnub yuav qhia hauv qab) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Note! Yog tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsis muaj sijhawm txaus (qhov no yuav siv sijhawm li 125-145 hnub), ces koj tuaj yeem pib cog cov noob thaum ntxov lig Lub Ib Hlis lossis Lub Ob Hlis ntxov.
Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav cog zaub thiab khaws cia, cov hnub cog qoob loo yuav hloov mus rau lub Plaub Hlis kawg (tus lej 23 lossis 24).
Qhov tseem ceeb! Thaum xam cov hnub cog, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv ob peb hnub "spare", txij li huab cua tsis tuaj yeem xav txog, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua yuam kev nrog nws yooj yim. Ua si zoo dua kom nyab xeeb.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov: qhov ntev ntawm cov yub nyob hauv tsev, qhov muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj lub caij nyoog uas cov nroj tsuag uas twb tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus system kuj yuav transplanted mus rau hauv qhib hauv av yooj yim dua (uas yog, nws yuav tsis mob rau yav tom ntej thiab cov txheej txheem engraftment yuav yooj yim dua).
Nco ntsoov! Cov zaub xws li eggplant yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab tsis nyiam nws heev thaum nws cov hauv paus hniav cuam tshuam.
Nyob zoo, cov hnub cog cov txiv lws suav thiab eggplants yog tib yam.
Hnub Lunartsaws
Thaum twg yuav tsum cog qoob loo pib xyoo 2018? Hnub twg raws nraim? Lunar eggplant cog daim ntawv qhia hnub yog raws li nram no:
- Tus lej zoo tshaj nyob rau lub Ib Hlis: 20, 21, 25, 26, 29 thiab 30.
- Lub Ob Hlis: 18, 21, 22, 25 lossis 26.
- Eggplant hnub cog hauv lub Peb Hlis: 1st, 21, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 29th lossis 30th.
- Plaub Hlis: 18, 21, 22, 25, 26 lossis 29.
- Lub Tsib Hlis: 18, 19, 22, 23, 27 lossis 28.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv qhia hnub cog qoob loo yog kev tawm tswv yim nkaus xwb (uas yog, xaiv tau kiag li) hauv qhov xwm txheej. Peb nco ntsoov koj qhov tseem ceeb dua: koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tej yam hauv av nyob rau hnub ntawm lub hli tshiab lossis lub hli puv. Niaj hnub no, lub ntiaj teb "yuav tsum so."
Note (rau cov neeg nyiam kua txob)! Raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub hli, hnub rau cog kua txob thiab eggplant seedlings coincide.
YYuav ua li cas cog seedlings nyob rau hauv
Lo lus nug no yog ib qho tseem ceeb, txij li eggplant yog zaub capricious, thiab nws ua rau txhua yam hloov pauv thiab xaiv mob heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog cov noob tam sim ntawd hauv cov lauj kaub cais, uas cov nroj tsuag yuav loj hlob mus txog thaum lub sijhawm lawv tau cog rau hauv tsev cog khoom lossis qhib hauv av.
Lub peev xwm yuav tsum tsis txhob me me, vim qhov siab ntawm cov yub qee zaum ncav cuag 32-42 cm, thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tsim heev. Rau cov hom phiaj no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntim yas npaj ua, lossis cov khob qaub cream, lossis mis nyuj lossis kefir hnab.
Note! Yog li hais tias tsis muaj stagnation ntawm cov dej ntau dhau hauv cov lauj kaub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm hauv qab noua qhov. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws.
Ib txhia amateur gardeners nyiam siv peat pots rau seedlings. Lwm tus ntseeg tias cov ntim khoom zoo li no tsis haum rau kev loj hlob vim tias lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lawv sai sai dries (cov dej evaporates los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub lauj kaub); cov nroj tsuag tsim inharmoniously - cov hauv paus hniav loj hlob sai dua nplooj; Ua ntej cog hauv av, cov hauv paus hniav loj hlob dhau los ntawm cov phab ntsa uas koj yuav tsum cog cov nroj tsuag nrog lub lauj kaub (thiab nws decomposes tsis zoo, txawm tias nws yog ua los ntawm cov organic teeb meem).
Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus muaj lub qhov rais loj uas koj tuaj yeem tso ib lub thawv nrog cov noob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib cog cov noob rau hauv cov thawv ntim, thiab tom qab ntawd khaws lawv.
Npaj cov noob rau cog
Kev npaj noob yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Muab cov noob tso rau hauv dej sov (kua kub - 40-50 degrees) rau 5-10 feeb.
- Tso dej; qhwv cov noob nyob rau hauv ib daim ntaub ntub dej (zoo dua gauze), dov nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej; muab cov pob rau hauv saucer (los yog lub thawv me me); ncuav me ntsis dej nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub (cov ntaub yuav tsum tsuas yog moistened).
- Lub saucer muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab, uas peb khi rau hauv txoj kev uas muaj cua nkag.
- Peb tawm hauv lub phaj nrog cov khoom cog rau 5-7 hnub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sov (ntawm qhov kub ntawm 25 degrees). Peb niaj hnub ua kom cov ntaub qhwv ntub dej.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj dej ntau dhau hauv lub saucer.
Tom qabThaum cov noob tau cog lawm, lawv npaj txhij cog rau hauv av npaj
Npaj av rau cov noob
Cov av sib tov yuav tsum tau fertile heev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws txawv nyob rau hauv lightness, friability thiab neutrality. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov av npaj tau rau hauv lub network faib. Thiab koj tuaj yeem ua noj nws ntawm koj tus kheej los ntawm kev sib xyaw dej xuab zeb, turf thiab humus hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 1: 2. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv superphosphate (raws li 20 litres ntawm qhov sib tov 1 khob) thiab ob peb khob ntawm ntoo tshauv. Tom qab ntawd sib tov txhua yam kom huv si. Txhua yam, cov av sib tov rau cog eggplant yog npaj.
Note! Txhawm rau kom cov av, es tsis txhob ntawm ob feem ntawm humus, koj tuaj yeem noj ib feem ntawm nws, thiab ntxiv qhov thib ob nrog peat.
Peb pom zoo kom npaj cov sib tov ua ntej (txij thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg) hauv koj lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias (piv txwv li, ntawm lub sam thiaj) kom nws khov thiab tag nrho cov kab mob tuag. Hauv tsev, cov av yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv ib lub lis piam ua ntej pib ua haujlwm kom nws thaws nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso.
Yog tias muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov zoo ntawm cov av sib tov, koj tuaj yeem tso nws nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Thiab ib hnub ua ntej cog cov noob, ntxiv rau kev ntsuas yav dhau los, kho nrog fungicide.
Note! Ob peb hnub ua ntej cog, cov av sib tov tuaj yeem nchuav rau hauv cov thawv npaj rau seedlings. Tsuas yog tsis txhob hnov qab muab cov kua dej hauv lub lauj kaub (iav iav los yog ntim) (nrog ib txheej tsawg kawg yog 10 hli), uas nthuav av nplaum (los yog xuab zeb) tsim nyog.
Nyob cog noob
txheej txheem yooj yim, tab sis siv sijhawm. Ua ntej cog eggplant noob nyob rau hauv cov av, lawv yuav tsum tau disinfected yam tsis poob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb npaj cov tshuaj muaj zog ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab khaws cov noob rau hauv nws li ib nrab teev. Thiab koj tuaj yeem npaj lwm qhov sib xyaw uas muaj dej (200 ml) thiab hydrogen peroxide (6 ml), ua kom sov (txog 40 degrees) thiab txo cov khoom cog rau hauv nws li 10 feeb. Ntxiv rau, ntau 2-3 teev ua ntej. cog eggplant cov av yog cultivated nrog lom kev npaj, uas tsis tsuas yog nqa tawm lub functionality ntawm nourishment, tab sis kuj muaj nuj nqi ntawm kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam ntau yam pathogens. Qee tus xav tias qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
Tom ntej no, muab cov noob npaj rau hauv lub khob cais (tsis pub ntau tshaj 12 cm siab) lossis ib lub thawv (lub thawv lossis thawv). Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov av (nrog ib txheej ntawm 7-9 cm), ua ib tug me me recess nyob rau hauv nws (15 hli siab), tso cov khoom cog rau ntawd (2-3 nyob rau hauv txhua lub qhov), sprinkle nrog av (1, 5-2 siab). Tom qab cov noob sprouts, tshem cov zaj duab xis thiab tso lub lauj kaub (los yog thawv) rau ntawm windowsill (ze rau lub hnub).
Qhov tseem ceeb! Yog tias koj siv lub thawv ntim khoom, ces cog cov noob txiv eggplant hauv grooves nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 60-70 mm ntawm ib leeg. Thiab ib qho ntxiv: thaum cov noob germinate, cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm (koj nco ntsoov tias muaj 2-3 noob hauv txhua lub qhov).
Txhua hnub nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom tshem tawm cov polyethylene los ntawm lub tsev cog khoom me me, yog li muab kev nkag mus.cua rau hauv nws; Kuj tseem khaws qhov muag ntawm av noo. Yog tias tsim nyog, txau nrog dej.
Note! Peb pom zoo kom muab lub "beacon" rau hauv txhua lub lauj kaub nrog cov yub, uas yuav qhia tsis tau tsuas yog cov zaub ntau yam, tab sis kuj yog hnub cog.
Tsuas kub rau cov noob
Rau kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov noob hauv qab zaj duab xis, qhov zoo tshaj plaws huab cua kub yuav tsum yog li 24-25 degrees (tab sis tsis qis dua 22). Nyob rau hauv lub lim tiam tom ntej tom qab cov tsos ntawm thawj tua, nws yog precisely no kub tsoom fwv uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Tom qab ntawd qhov ntsuas kub nruab hnub tuaj yeem txo qis rau 17 degrees, thiab hmo ntuj kub mus rau 13-15. Cov kev ua ub no pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv paus system, thiab tsis txhob cia cov nroj tsuag stretch upwards.
Note! Yog tias koj xav kom cov yub hloov sai dua hauv lub vaj yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom lawv tawv. Ua li no (tom qab ob lub lis piam tom qab cov noob tau sprouted), nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsim ib qho kev coj ua ntawm ntuj tsim, thaum nws kub thaum nruab hnub thiab txias thaum hmo ntuj. Yog li ntawd, thaum nruab hnub peb tswj qhov kub ntawm 25-27 degrees, thiab hmo ntuj - 12-14 degrees.
Teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb
Yog tias cov noob tau nkag rau hauv av thaum lub Plaub Hlis, ces, feem ntau, lawv yuav muaj teeb pom kev zoo ntawm windowsill. Tab sis yog tias kev ua haujlwm sowing tau tshwm sim hauv Lub Ob Hlis lossis Lub Peb Hlis, tom qab ntawd cov noob yuav xav tau teeb pom kev zoo (tsawg kawg 12-14 teev hauv ib hnub).
Qhov tseem ceeb! Koj yuav tsum tig lub teeb rov qab thaum 7 teev sawv ntxov txog 7 teev tsaus ntuj. Ntxiv mus, thawj peb hnub (tom qab cov noob tau sprouted) cov cuab yeejteeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum ua haujlwm ib ncig ntawm lub moos.
Rau kev teeb pom kev zoo, koj tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog cov teeb tshwj xeeb (fluorescent, LED) lossis phytolamps, tab sis kuj yog cov teeb pom kev zoo tib yam. Thaum pib, lawv raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 mm los ntawm cov av sib tov, thiab tom qab ib nrab ib 'meter' saum cov yub.
Note! Yog hais tias lub seedlings yog heev stretched, thiab nplooj yog tsis zoo tsim, ces feem ntau lawv yuav tsis muaj txaus lub teeb los yog lawv cog heev ze. Thiab lwm cov lus qhia: ib ntus tig lub lauj kaub nrog cov noob nyob ib ncig ntawm lub axis kom txhua feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau ci thiab cua sov.
Tsis txhob hnov qab dej
Tom qab peb hnub tom qab tshem cov zaj duab xis, watering yuav tsum pib thiab nqa tawm ib zaug txhua peb mus rau plaub hnub, me ntsis moistening tsuas yog cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub yub. Thaum thawj nplooj tshwm, dej tsawg dua (ib zaug hauv ib lub lis piam). Dej rau lub hom phiaj no yuav tsum sov (kwv yees li 25 degrees) thiab khom.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov av noo me ntsis txhua lub sijhawm. Tsis muaj kua yuav ua rau cov qoob loo qis, thiab ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob xws li blackleg.
Rau dej nws zoo dua yog siv lub raj mis tsuag. Txoj kev niaj zaus tsis pom zoo, txij li lub dav hlau muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau kom tob zuj zus ntawm cov khoom cog, thiab nws yuav nyuaj heev rau nws loj hlob los ntawm cov av. Tom qab "txoj kev dej" cov av yuav tsum tau xoob me ntsis.
Note! Tom qab watering, koj tuaj yeem fertilize (yog tias koj xav tias tsim nyog).
Pub mis tsis yoginterfere
Peb pom zoo kom pub thawj zaug nrog cov tshuaj potassium-nitrogen 11 hnub tom qab cov noob tau sprouted (yog tias cov noob tsis tau khaws) lossis 2 lub lis piam tom qab xaiv. Kev noj zaub mov tom qab (potassium nitrate, "Kristalon" lossis "Kemira Lux") tsis pub ntau tshaj ib zaug txhua ob lub lis piam.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab ntawm lub hauv paus system, watering yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej thiab tom qab hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus.
In xaus
Yog tias txhua yam tau ua tiav, suav nrog hnub zoo rau cog eggplant, ces feem ntau cov qoob loo ntawm cov zaub yuav txaus siab rau koj. Thiab hais txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv cov noob rau hauv av qhib, ib tus yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no: qhov no yuav tsum tau ua thaum nws twb sov thaum nruab hnub, thiab tsis muaj frosts thaum hmo ntuj.
