Xim lub rooj sib xyaw

Cov txheej txheem:

Xim lub rooj sib xyaw
Xim lub rooj sib xyaw

Video: Xim lub rooj sib xyaw

Video: Xim lub rooj sib xyaw
Video: Koj Tseem Ua Xyem Xyav - Leela Xiong 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Xim yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv tes ntawm tus kws kos duab. Nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm thiab tsim kev xav, tsim nws tus kheej qhov tseeb thiab simulate qhov chaw hauv daim duab dav hlau. Tib neeg kev nkag siab ntawm cov duab thiab chiaroscuro ntawm ib yam khoom ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb nws qhov chaw xim li cas. Kev xav ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ntxim nyiam ntawm ib yam dab tsi kuj yog tsim los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm cov xim. Nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim, kev muaj peev xwm xaiv cov xim sib xyaw ua ke rau ib qhov project thiab ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb rau tus tsim qauv, kws kos duab lossis stylist.

Chromatic thiab achromatic xim

xim sib tov
xim sib tov

Txhua xim tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: chromatic thiab achromatic. Peb pawg ntawm receptors uas nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub qhov muag yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv kev xaav. Txhua ntawm lawv ua haujlwm nrog qee yam xim: violet-xiav, ntsuab-daj thiab daj-liab. Txij li thaum lawv sib tshuam, ob peb receptors tau qhib rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Ib yam li ntawd, cov kws kos duab sib xyaw xim rautau txais qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim. Chromatic yog spectral lossis saturated ntxoov. Txhawm rau sawv cev rau lawv, siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - lub log xim. Nws ua hauj lwm los sawv cev rau lub teeb spectrum daim ntawv thiab sawv cev rau txawv xim qauv. Kev siv lub log xim ua kom yooj yim rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov xim sib xyaw ua ke thiab nquag siv hauv kev kos duab thiab tsim. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas kom tau cov xim thaum sib xyaw cov xim, cov kws ua yeeb yam yuav tsum ua cov duab kos kom ntxaws ua ntej ua haujlwm. Achromatic xim yog dawb, dub thiab tag nrho cov ntxoov grey. Tib neeg lub qhov muag muaj peev xwm pom tau txog 300 ntxoov achromatic thiab ntau txhiab chromatic ntxoov.

xim thawj thiab theem nrab

Muaj peb lub ntsiab xim hauv cov spectrum: liab, daj thiab xiav, uas tsis tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Nyob rau hauv cov xim log, lawv suav hais tias yog thawj thiab ua lub hauv paus rau tus so ntawm chromatic nplai. Kuj tseem muaj cov xim thib ob lossis cov xim sib xyaw tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw xim ntawm pawg tseem ceeb:

  • txiv kab ntxwv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm liab thiab daj;
  • ntsuab - los ntawm xiav thiab daj;
  • ntsuab - los ntawm xiav thiab liab.

Yuav kom tau xim av los ntawm kev sib xyaw xim xim, ua ntej koj yuav tsum coj daj thiab xiav kom ntsuab, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv liab.

Xim sib xyaw
Xim sib xyaw

xim xim

Txhawm rau kho thiab tau txais qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas xav tau, tsuas yog ntxiv ntsuab lossis liab. Secondary xim ntawm cov xim log yog nyob nruab nrab ntawmyooj yim. Muaj ib pab pawg thib peb - cov xim nyuaj, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw xim los ntawm pawg loj thiab theem nrab:

  • red-txiv kab ntxwv;
  • txiv kab ntxwv-daj;
  • yellow-green;
  • ntsuab-xiav;
  • blue-violet.

Ntawm lub log xim, lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab, uas yog vim li cas lawv tseem hu ua tertiary. Liab thiab daj, xiav thiab txiv kab ntxwv, ntshav thiab daj yog opposite ib leeg rau nws - cov no yog complementary xim uas txhim khu thiab sib npaug sib npaug.

xim lub voj voog
xim lub voj voog

Cov yam ntxwv xim yooj yim: tone

txhawm rau nkag siab yuav ua li cas kom tau xim los ntawm kev sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb: xim, lub teeb, saturation thiab kub. Tone yog qhov zoo ntawm cov xim los ntawm chromatic spectrum, uas feem ntau qhia los ntawm nws lub npe - coral, carmine, txiv duaj. Lub xim yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw xim ntawm chromatic thiab achromatic pawg. Nws tuaj yeem ua kom huv lossis kaw. Cov xim ntshiab yog tau los ntawm kev sib tov nrog dawb los yog dub, thiab ib tug muted xim yog tau nrog ib tug grey nplai.

Xim lub suab
Xim lub suab

Dab tsi yog qhov kaj

Chromatic thiab achromatic ntxoov ntxoo cuam tshuam ib leeg ntawm ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dawb, ib tug tshiab hue tshwm, dub poob tawm lub suab, thiab grey tuaj yeem hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim chromatic. Lightness yog lub degree ntawm darkening los yog lightening ntawm ib tug xim. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ob pawg xim. Nws hloov los ntawm daj yog feem ntaulub teeb rau ntshav yog qhov tsaus ntuj tshaj plaws. Lub lightness ntawm ib tug hue yog tus nqi ntawm cov dub los yog dawb ntxiv rau lub hauv paus xim. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam li lub teeb ntawm cov xim chromatic.

xim saturation

Saturation txiav txim siab qib ntawm purity thiab siv ntawm ib qho xim xim. Spectral xim muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm saturation. Cov pab pawg achromatic yog cov xim tsis muaj xim. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntxiv chromatic los yog achromatic ntxoov, lub saturation txo thiab cov xim mus txog grey. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum sib tov cov xim uas sib txawv. Cov xim uas tsis muaj zog hauv kev siv zog yog hu ua nruab nrab. Yog tias koj sib xyaw cov ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv hauv qhov sib txawv, ces qhov kev siv yuav txo qis, thiab lub suab yuav zoo li grey. Nrog qhov sib npaug sib npaug, cov xim grey tau txais.

Xim kub

Kub yog ib lub tswv yim raws li tib neeg lub koom haum. Liab yog suav tias yog sov thiab xiav yog txias. Yog li qhov kev faib tawm tau tshwm sim: cov xim sov yog los ntawm ntshav-liab mus rau daj-ntsuab, thiab cov khaub thuas yog los ntawm xiav-violet mus rau xiav-ntsuab. Ntshav thiab ntsuab yog kub nruab nrab xim. Raws li kev xav, ntsuab tshwm thaum sib tov xiav thiab daj, thiab ntshav - thaum sib xyaw xim uas txias thiab sov li qhov ua tau, uas yog, xiav thiab liab. Yog li ntawd, qhov tsawg dua xiav, qhov txias dua cov xim liab doog ua, thiab vice versa. Cov pab pawg achromatic yeej ib txwm txias xim. Xim tone,nyob ntawm qhov muaj qhov sov, txias lossis achromatic ntxoov ntxoo hauv nws, nws tuaj yeem txias, txawm tias nws "niam txiv" yog lub suab sov. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov xim no yog lub teeb liab, uas yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg txias.

Colour Tone Map

Yog li, raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua 8 pawg loj:

  1. By colour tone - huv si thiab muted.
  2. By lightness - tsaus ntuj thiab kaj.
  3. By saturation - ci ntsa iab.
  4. Nyob kub - txias thiab sov.

Rau kev taw qhia yooj yim hauv cov duab sib txawv, muaj cov duab kos duab kos npe. Daim npav muaj nyob rau ntau yam xim sab hauv thiab kos duab. Lawv ua kom yooj yim los sib piv cov xim sib txawv thiab txheeb xyuas lawv cov npe. Qhov no yooj yim heev yog tias koj xav tau xaiv, piv txwv li, ib qho ntxoov ntxoo rau pleev xim rau phab ntsa hauv tsev lossis tsim cov khaub ncaws.

Xim sib tov rooj
Xim sib tov rooj

pab pawg loj

Ib lub chaw tsim khoom yuav muaj xim xaiv thaum sib xyaw xim. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia xim, series ntawm tones yog raws li ib tug sib tov ntawm cov xim los ntawm cov chromatic thiab achromatic spectrum thiab muab faib mus rau hauv cov nram qab no pawg:

  • hauv zos - cov no yog cov ntshiab thiab ci, cov xim saturated ntau tshaj plaws, tsis muaj suab nrov los ntawm achromatic spectrum;
  • muaj zog - huv thiab ci, tab sis tsawg saturated, lawv muaj 3% grey, 50% dawb thiab dub;
  • ci - huv, lub teeb, ci, nruab nrab saturated, nrog 10% dawb;
  • pastel - huv,lub teeb thiab nruab nrab saturated, 50% dawb;
  • bleached - huv, lub teeb thiab tsawg saturated, 90% dawb;
  • plua plav - muted, qis saturated, lub teeb, 80% dawb thiab 20% dub;
  • soft - muted, qis saturation, 70% dawb thiab 30% dub;
  • dull - qis saturation, tsaus, 40% dawb thiab 60% dub;
  • faded - muted, nruab nrab lightness thiab saturation, 60% dawb thiab 40 dub;
  • dub - nplua nuj, huv, tsaus, 25% dub;
  • dark - huv, tsaus, nruab nrab saturated, 45% dub;
  • blackened - tsaus ntuj li sai tau, ntshiab thiab desaturated, 55% dub.

Lub zos thiab muaj zog yog cov xim sib xws. Ci, pastel thiab bleached - los ntxuav thiab teeb. Muted tones yog plua plav, mos, faded thiab dull. Ntshiab tsaus tones yog tob, tsaus thiab blackened. Lub suab ntawm cov xim nruab nrab yog nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov xim dawb thiab xim dub: cov xim sib zog muaj ntau xim dawb, thiab cov xim tsaus nti muaj xim dub ntau dua.

Xim sib xyaw
Xim sib xyaw

Kev sib xyaw xim xim

Cia peb xav txog cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sib xyaw xim siv cov xim dej ua piv txwv. Ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu npaj, kos ib lub log xim ntawm lub palette uas nyob rau hauv lub teeb. Ua li no, coj daj, liab thiab xiav. Yog hais tias muaj ob peb ntxoov ntawm tib xim nyob rau hauv lub palette, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub brightest thiab purest. Tom ntej no, sib tov liab thiab daj kom tau txiv kab ntxwv thiab muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv ntawm lub voj voog. Ntxiv daj rau ib qho ntxoov ntxoo thiab ntau daj rau lwm tusliab kom tau txais cov suab sib txawv thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub voj voog ib yam nkaus. Brown yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim los ntawm cov pab pawg loj. Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau lub suab sib txawv los ntawm kev nthuav koj lub log xim. Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas sib tov xim, yog li rov ua txhua kauj ruam, sib txuas liab thiab xiav ua ntshav, thiab tom qab ntawd daj thiab xiav. Qhov no yuav pab tau ntau hauv kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov xim - tsom mus rau lub tiav lawm palette, nws yog yooj yim dua los xaiv txoj cai ntxoov ntxoo thiab sib tov nyob rau hauv txoj cai proportions. Lightness hauv watercolor yog tau los ntawm diluting nrog dej.

Tsim koj tus kheej xim palette

Koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim sib txawv raws li lub hauv paus, xws li daj, xiav thiab crimson. Hauv qhov no, cov qauv xim RGB paub zoo yuav tau txais, uas yog siv hauv TVs, ntsiav tshuaj thiab cov saib los tsim cov duab sib txawv. Thaum sib tov cov xim no, koj tau txais lub palette kaj thiab zoo siab. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv cov xim dub, liab thiab daj, koj yuav tau txais cov xim tsaus thiab zoo nkauj. Siv tib txoj hauv kev, tab sis sib txuas cov xim sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus xim, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig txawv txawv. Sim siv muted, tsaus tones es tsis txhob ci daj, liab thiab xiav - koj yuav tau txais ib tug tsaus xim log, feem ntau ntawm cov ntxoov uas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv beige nplai. Tones yuav ntse, qab ntxiag thiab ntuj.

ci palette
ci palette

Yog li, cov kws ua yeeb yam tuaj nkag siab tias thaum yuav cov xim ntawm ib qho xim, koj yuav tsum sim sib xyaw nrog lwm tus kom tsis txhob siv nyiaj tsis tsim nyog los nthuav cov palette. Piv txwv li, thaum muas daj, koj yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu nws nrog tag nrho cov xiav thiab liab ntxoov. Xim rau ntawm daim ntawv, ncab cov xim kom dav li ntau tau, mus rau lub suab pob tshab tshaj plaws. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau ntsuab. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis yog ib qho xim ntawm cov xim no qhia txog lub ntuj ntxoov ntxoo ntawm nplooj, uas yog li tsim nyog rau depicting zaub. Nws yuav tsum tau muted nrog qee qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm xim av. Nrog lub palette ntawm tsuas yog 12 xim muaj, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv. Sim nrhiav cov kev xaiv tshiab uas siv cov xim muaj thiab siv rau hauv koj txoj haujlwm.

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