Hauv chav uas feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw raug cib, plaster, pobzeb, pob zeb, iav lossis hlau, lub suab ntev ib txwm hnov. Yog hais tias muaj ob peb lub teeb liab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv xws li ib chav tsev: suab paj nruas accompaniment, muaj suab nrov, tib neeg kev sib tham, lub suab ncaj qha superimposed rau nws xav txog ntawm phab ntsa.
Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hais lus tsis meej thiab nce suab nrov hauv chav. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, qhov teebmeem no yog qhov tsis xav tau. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab tshav dav hlau halls, nrog rau cov khw loj loj thiab subway chaw tos txais, yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev kom txo lub sij hawm tom qab lub suab (lwm yam hu ua reverberation lub sij hawm), txwv tsis pub nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, reverberation hauv theatrical, concerts thiab lecture room yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv. Lub sij hawm reverberation ntau dua distors qhov kev xaav ntawm suab paj nruag thiab hais lus. Tawm tsam,ib lub sij hawm luv luv entails lub "dryness" ntawm lub tsev thiab tsis muaj suab qhov tob. Cov khoom siv suab nrov thiab cov qauv siv hauv chav kho kom zoo nkauj kom txo lossis hloov lub sijhawm reverberation.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv chav ntawm lub suab nrov, siv ntau yam khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem hauv nws txoj kev. Lawv qhov kev xaiv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj haujlwm. Cov haujlwm yuav suav nrog ob qho tib si soundproofing thiab suab haum. Wb tham txog lawv.
Sound pov thawj
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua suab nrov yog txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov suab nrov kom tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus hauv phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev. Cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj suab erects ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau kev txav ntawm nthwv dej, uas qhia txog lawv. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov qauv rau soundproof nyob ntawm qhov loj. Qhov loj thiab tuab ntawm phab ntsa, qhov nyuaj dua nws yog rau lub suab nkag mus rau hauv chav. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kaw cov tsev tsim kom muaj lub suab rwb thaiv tsev, siv tus nqi xws li lub suab rwb thaiv tsev ntsuas. Qhov ntsuas no yog ntsuas hauv dB thiab yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 52-60 dB. Cov ntaub ntawv ntom ntom yog suav tias yog soundproofing. Cov no suav nrog phab ntsa qhuav, cib, pob zeb.
Sound absorption
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nqus suab yog nqus suab nrov yam tsis txhob cia nws tawm ntawm qhov chaw rov qab rau hauv chav. Nws yog ntsuas los ntawm xws li ib tug parameter raws li lub suab absorption coefficient ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas txawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm 0 mus rau 1. Yog hais tias tus nqintawm no coefficient yog sib npaug rau xoom, lub teeb liab yog reflected los ntawm cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Thaum tag nrho cov suab nrov yog absorbed tag, lub coefficient yog sib npaug rau ib. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab suav nrog cov uas muaj qee theem ntawm kev nqus suab. Lawv lub suab nqus coefficients yuav tsum ntau dua 0.4.
Noise absorbers tuaj hauv pawg hauv qab no:
- txheej txheej;
- ntxeem tau (xws li fibrous);
- ntxeem tau nrog perforated cov ntxaij vab tshaus;
- resonant.
Tus nqi coefficient siab dua, qhov siab dua chav kawm suab nrov.
Porous suab absorbers
Cov suab nrov nrov yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov slabs ntawm cov ntaub ntawv porous lub teeb uas tsau ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw los yog nyob deb ntawm lawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kaolin, pumice, slag, vermiculite, siv cov cement, txiv qaub los yog gypsum ua ib daim ntawv khi. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj zog txaus los siv los txo cov suab nrov hauv chav tsev so, chaw tos txais, txoj kev hauv tsev thiab cov ntaiv hauv pej xeem thiab cov tsev lag luam.
Fiber suab absorbers
Hauv cov chav uas zoo li lub suab absorbers yuav tsum zoo nkauj dua, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm fibers ua tiav hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb yog siv. Mineral wool, iav ntaub plaub, nrog rau ntoo thiab hluavtaws fibers yog siv los ua raw khoom rau lawv siv. Xws lisuab absorbers yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qab nthab thiab phab ntsa panels los yog nkhaus thiab peb-dimensional hais. Lub suab absorbers yog coated nrog tshwj xeeb porous xim uas tso cai rau huab cua los ntawm, los yog lawv tau them nrog tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv los yog fabrics uas kuj muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm breathability.
Hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, fiber ntau lub suab-absorbing panels yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws. Lawv tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej acoustic thiab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab nqus
Dissipation ntawm lub zog ntawm acoustic vibrations nyob rau hauv fibrous-hom absorbers nrog tshav kub tso tawm (suab nqus cov ntaub ntawv) muaj ob peb lub laj thawj. Ua ntej, vim lub viscosity ntawm huab cua, uas yog heev ntau nyob rau hauv lub interfiber qhov chaw, lub oscillation ntawm huab cua hais nyob rau hauv lub internal ntim ntawm lub absorber yog nrog los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Qhov thib ob, muaj huab cua sib txhuam ntawm cov fibers, uas kuj muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Tom qab ntawd, cov fibers rub tawm rau ib leeg, thiab lub zog yog dissipated vim kev sib txhuam ntawm fiber ntau muaju nrog ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov suab nrov zoo tshwm sim ntawm nruab nrab thiab siab zaus. Lub suab nqus coefficients ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.4 … 1.0. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua kom ua tiav ntawm qhov tsawg zaus.
Nco ntsoov tias lub suab nqus coefficient yog xam raws li qhov sib piv ntawm qhov tsis nqus dej thiab lub teeb liab lub zog xa mus rau tag nrho lub zog uas cuam tshuam.nto. Yuav kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm lub suab nqus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv tsev, siv lub rooj ntawm lub suab nqus coefficients. Nws yog qhia hauv qab no.
Table. Suab absorption, suab absorption coefficients
| khoom | Tsis tshua muaj suab nrov ntawm 1000 Hz |
| Fibreboard board | 0, 40-0, 80 |
| Perforated acoustic ntawv | 0, 4-0, 9 |
| Fibrolite | 0, 45-0, 50 |
| Foamglass | 0, 3-0, 5 |
| pob zeb phab ntsa | 0,015 |
| Fiberglass | 0, 76-0, 81 |
| ntoo phab ntsa | 0, 06-0, 1 |
| Brick wall | 0, 032 |
| Bas alt fiber ntau | 0, 94-0, 95 |
Sound absorbing structures
Sound-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv ntawm fibrous thiab ntxeem tau hom yog siv feem ntau los txhim kho lub acoustic zog ntawm theaters, xinesmas, concert halls, kaw studios. Lawv kuj raug siv los txo cov suab nrov hauv kindergartens, tsev kho mob, tsev kawm ntawv.
txhawm rau ua kom lub suab nrov nrov hauv qhov tsawg zaus, cov ntaub ntawv tuab yuav tsum tau nce lossisQhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua yog npaj los ntawm lub absorber thiab lub suab-reflecting qauv.
Yog tias cov fiber ntau absorbers tsis pleev xim thiab tsis muaj txheej txheej txheej, lawv tuaj yeem siv nrog kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
Ib daim canvas breathable yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lub vijtsam thiab cov khoom siv fiber ntau los tiv thaiv cov khoom fiber ntau los ntawm huab cua. Lub suab-absorbing qauv nruab nrog cov txheej perforated ua kom tau txais lub suab zoo ntawm txhua zaus. Kev hloov ntawm zaus teb ntawm lub suab nqus tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv. Thiab kuj los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm lawv cov thickness, qhov loj thiab cov duab, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov. Lub suab-absorbing lug nruab nrog lub perforated hlau screen yog dav siv los tiv thaiv vandal txheej. Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws niaj hnub no yog "Shumanet Eco".
Cov khoom siv suab nrov zoo tshaj plaws. iav wool
Fiberglass-raws li cov khoom siv nrog lub zog siab thiab elasticity. Cov iav ntaub plaub kuj txawv los ntawm kev vibration siab. Lub suab nqus ntawm cov iav ntaub plaub tshwm sim vim muaj ntau cov voids uas muaj huab cua nyob hauv qhov khoob ntawm cov fibers. Qhov zoo ntawm iav ntaub plaub yog hluav taws kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj qhov hnyav, siab elasticity, tsis muaj hygroscopicity, vapor permeability, tshuaj passivity. Cov iav ntaub plaub ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntawm acoustic partitions ua los ntawm yob los yog daim hlau, raws li ib tug ntawm cov txheej ntawm multilayer suab-absorbing.designs.
Mineral wool yog cov khoom siv fiber ntau, cov khoom siv raw uas yog silicate melts ntawm pob zeb, metallurgical slags thiab lawv cov khoom sib tov.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom: incombustibility, tshuaj passivity thiab, vim li ntawd, tsis muaj corrosion ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ntxhia wool. Qhov zoo ntawm lub suab nqus yog pom tau vim yog chaotic kev npaj ntawm fibers.
kom tau txais lub suab nrov nqus coefficient (los ntawm 0.7 txog 0.9) thoob plaws tag nrho cov zaus band, resonant-type multilayer lug siv, uas muaj ntau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus muaj qhov sib txawv nrog cov pa sib txawv ntawm cov thicknesses sib txawv.
Materials "Shumanet Eco"
Muab cov txheej txheem suab nrov tsim los siv rau hauv cov phab ntsa muab faib, plasterboard sheathing lossis tshem tawm cov qauv qab nthab. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydrophobized fiberglass boards, uas yog laminated nrog fiberglass. Cov ntaub ntawv siv ib qho inert acrylic-raws li binder los ua lub suab-absorbing panels tsis-flammable.
Ntawm chav ntim loj
Nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias hauv cov chav uas muaj lub ntim loj, cov nyhuv ntawm kev txo lub sij hawm reverberation vim yog cov qauv nqus suab ntxiv tsis zoo heev. Cov chav zoo li no tswj lub sijhawm reverberation vim cov duab ntawm lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa. Piv txwv li, kev siv tsis tiaj tus, tab sis sib npaug qab nthab thiab pilasters ntawm ntau yam duab los yog balconies ntawm phab ntsa nce suab nrov. Daim ntawv no ntawm architectural cov ntsiab lus ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau ib tug ntau diffuse acoustic teb, uas muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau lub acoustic huab cua nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho lub suab nqus ntawm lub tsev nce nrog qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw, cov rooj zaum muag muag, cov ntaub pua tsev. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv cov khoom tiav txhawm rau xaiv lub suab nqus. Lub suab nqus coefficients nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav nce.
