Plum blossoms, tab sis tsis txi txiv - yuav ua li cas? Ua plums los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 14:03

Fragrant, huv, qab zib, loj plum txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yooj yim cais ntawm lub pob zeb yog npau suav ntawm ib tug gardener. Hmoov tsis zoo, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum lub plum blossoms, tab sis tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yuav ua li cas? Nco ntsoov nkag siab qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej.

Plum ntoo: cog

Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias Federation, cog tsob ntoo no yog tsom rau hauv lub vaj nyiam ua haujlwm. Raws li cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb, tom qab ua tiav uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig kev lag luam zoo, cov plum tsis muaj nqi:

• Txawm yog hom tsiaj txhu tsis tsim cov qoob loo loj.
• Ib tsob ntoo nyob rau lub caij ntuj no hnyav, yog tias tsis khov tag, ces ib nrab puas.
• Qhia ntau yam yuav pib yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj, ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem ua me me dua.
• Fruiting (nyob ntawm ntau yam) tshwm sim hauv qee hom txij li 4-6 xyoos.
• Kev ua cov plums los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob yuav tsum tau ua tas li, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ceev faj ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas.

• Nyobtillage nyob ze-stem voj voog (tsis zam cov nroj tsuag).

• Dislikes drought and high humidity.
• Yuav tsum ua raws li kev noj zaub mov.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsob ntoo no tseem yog qhov nyiam rau ntau tus neeg ua teb: yog tias plum pib txi txiv, cov tswv zoo siab yuav khav theeb ntawm cov qoob loo loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas huv thiab tsw qab thaum tham.

Plum blossoms tab sis tsis txi txiv. Yuav ua li cas?

Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no:

1. Yuav kom tsis txhob xav txog lwm tus, koj yuav tsum sim ua kom nco ntsoov lub npe ntawm plum ntau yam uas tau yuav thiab tau nkag mus rau lub hnub nyoog fruiting. Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb? Thaum xub thawj, plum yog ib tsob nroj uas nws tus kheej fertile. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj kev sib hloov pollination los tsim zes qe menyuam.

2. Qhov thib ob yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav tsis tsim nyog cog plum thaum nws cov hauv paus caj dab tob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov tawv ntoo pib rot, thiab tag nrho cov quab yuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus tua cov kab mob no.
3. Vim cov plum tsis zam Frost zoo, koj yuav tsum ua kom nws tsis khov. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, lub paj npliag yog inevitable. Ntau zaus, txawm li cas los xij, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem tsim ntawm ib feem ntawm cov ceg ntoo.
4. Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav yog qhov rov qab los ntawm Frost thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub plum blossoms. Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yuav yellowed (khov) pistils. Thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txawm tias nws pib, yuav ya mus sai heev.
5. Kev paub gardeners npe ob peb lub sijhawm huab cua ntxiv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis zoo -Caij nplooj ntoos hlav qhuav, pos huab, siab humidity, tsis tshua muaj kub thiab muaj zog cua.

6. Tswv yim tshaj plaws, tab sis tseem tsis tau cais tawm ntawm daim ntawv, yuav yog vim li cas rau daj plum sawfly noj tam sim ntawd nruab nrab ntawm cov paj. Beetle noj tawm txav nyob rau hauv lub buds, ua rau lawv, yog li tiv thaiv lub zes qe menyuam los ntawm kev loj hlob. Txawm hais tias muaj kev loj hlob sawfly colony, thaum yuav luag txhua lub paj puas lawm, zes qe menyuam tsim. Tej zaum lawv yuav poob, los yog lub fetus yuav tsis tsim tag nrho, tab sis lub zes qe menyuam tseem yuav.

7. Plum yuav tsis tsim zes qe menyuam yog tias nws tsis muaj zaub mov noj. Kev pub mis raws sij hawm thaum hloov cov organic teeb meem thiab cov zaub mov yuav pab tsob ntoo.
8. Ntxoov ntxoo ntau dhau ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem ua rau paj tsis muaj paj. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov ua rau, txiav ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo thiab txiav cov ceg raws sij hawm.
9. Qhov ze ntawm cov dej hauv av yuav tsis tso cov plum los teeb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog li ntawd, cov av marshy tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag, xav tau kev ywg dej.

Yuav ua li cas yog plum yog nws tus kheej fertile?

Hmoov tsis zoo, txog rau tam sim no, thaum muag (hauv khw, hauv khw muag khoom, hauv khw tshwj xeeb, thiab txawm tias nyob rau hauv chaw zov me nyuam), cov plum ntau yam tau qhia (nws zoo yog tias muaj kos npe lossis memo), tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ceeb toom txog nws nyob qhov twg qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua paj ntoo khaub lig.

Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum paub ntau yam thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Yog tias muaj ntau lub npe khaws cia, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum xyuas seb nws puas yog tus kheej pollinating lossis tsis.

Yog tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lwm lub plum, koj yuav tsum tsim cov xwm txheej no: cog ib tsob ntoo thib ob, lossis cog ib tsob ntoo ntawm lwm yam rau ntawm plum. Hmoov tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum tau tos cov yub thib ob kom ncav cuag lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tuaj yeem siv sijhawm li ob mus rau peb xyoos, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd cov yub tshiab muaj peb xyoos.

Koj tuaj yeem nug koj cov neeg nyob ze yog tias lawv muaj cov noob txiv plum, lawv tseem hluas thiab yuav tawg. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov kev ncua deb mus rau cov neeg nyob sib ze plum (los ntawm 20 mus rau plaub caug meters), uas yog, seb cov muv puas tuaj yeem hloov paj paj.

Yog hais tias plum twb tau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab dheev nres, yog vim li cas yog kev tshem tawm ntawm pollinator. Ib tsob ntoo pollinator tej zaum yuav raug txiav rau ntawm qhov chaw (los yog ze rau cov neeg nyob ze).

Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav yog qhov kev tawm ntawm blackthorn vim nws qhov tsis zoo nkauj thiab pricklyness. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov ntawm no tias plum (raws li cov kws tshawb fawb) tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los vim yog kev hla ntuj ntawm cherry plum thiab blackthorn. Yog li ntawd, blackthorn tuaj yeem yog plum pollinator yog tias nws tawg nrog nws.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov khoom cog rau plums

Vim tias nws nyuaj heev los ua kom cov qoob loo ntawm plum uas tau tawg paj ntev ntev (tag nrho cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua), nws yooj yim dua los hloov tsob ntoo qub lossis cog ib tsob ntoo tshiab. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntau yam, nws yog qhov zoo dua los saib cov ntawv nyeem, nyeem cov ntawv hauv Internet.

Hnub no, muaj ntau ntau yam uas muaj thiab nws tus kheej-pollinated, thiab thaum ntxov ripening, thiab thaum ntxov fruiting.

Cov neeg cog ntoo pib yuav tsum tau ceeb toom: tsis txhob yuav ntau yam uas koj tsis paub dab tsi txog, xaiv ntau yam pov thawj,Nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog ob peb tsob ntoo ib zaug nrog lub sijhawm sib txawv - thaum ntxov, nruab nrab thiab lig. Vim li cas? Txawm hais tias ib qho ntawm peb hom yog tus kheej tsis muaj menyuam, ib qho ntawm ob hom tseem tshuav yuav pollinate nws.

Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov noob taum ob nrog kaw (hauv lub thawv) hauv paus thiab nrog qhib ib qho (qhov no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov ncaj ncees thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm rot).

Lub thickness ntawm cov yub ntawm lub hauv paus dab tshos yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 14 cm.

Cov neeg ua teb xav paub tias yog cov noob txiv plum tsis tau los ntawm cov cag ntoo (uas yog, tsis yog grafted), nws muaj peev xwm tias nws yog cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj npe lossis nws yog cov cag ntoo ntawm ntau yam. cog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yuav paus tua (txawm hais tias super-yielding sawv daws yuav), koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos lub vaj tag nrho yuav nyob rau hauv tib lub tua, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau daws qhov no - tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj tag.

Kev txiav txim qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm tsaws

Nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Russia, plums tuaj yeem cog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tias nws yuav tsis muaj sijhawm los cag.

Yog li ntawd, tus neeg ua teb yuav tsum paub ua ntej yuav cog plum rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Daim ntawv qhia ib kauj ruam dhau los, qhia los ntawm cov kws paub txog gardeners, qhia tias tom qab yuav cov yub, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm qhov chaw cog.

Qhov dej yuav tsum nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj hnub ci ncaj qha, dej hauv av yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj ob metres, qhov deb ntawm cov ntoo ze tshaj plaws (twb dhau lawm, tsis yog cov noob) yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua plaub meters.

Koj yuav tsum tau cog plum rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum nws tseem tsis tau tawglub raum (uas yog, nws yog so).

Yuav ua li cas cog tsob ntoo plum nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav: ib kauj ruam los ntawm kev qhia

1. Ib lub lis piam (2-3 hnub yog ua tau) ua ntej cog, npaj ib lub qhov 70 cm dav thiab qhov tob tib yam. Thaum khawb, koj yuav tsum cais lub sab sauv fertile txheej los ntawm qis. (feem ntau qhov tob ntawm cov txheej txheem infertile nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-groomed vaj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tob ntawm peb caug, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm plaub caug centimeters). Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj menyuam uas tau xaiv (feem ntau av nplaum hauv thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias Federation) yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab siv rau kev xav tau hauv tsev.
2. Ib qho deoxidizer yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau txheej fertile (plums tsis nyiam cov av acidic) thiab tov nrog cov av (xws li fluff txiv qaub lossis dolomite hmoov tsis sai deoxidize cov av ua ntej cog). Lub deoxidizer yuav xav tau 300-400 grams. Tam sim ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv microelements (qhov ntau thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg feem ntau qhia rau ntawm pob khoom).
3. Tam sim ua ntej cog, koj yuav tsum tau xoob lub hauv qab ntawm lub qhov los ntawm ib nrab ib tug bayonet.
4. Pob ib txheej (30-30 centimeters) ntawm fertile av. Nws tuaj yeem yuav av lossis zoo oily av tom qab dib.
5. Cia li ncuav ib txheej me me ntawm cov av npaj.
6. Yog tias cov yub nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, tshem tawm, thiab xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tus nees system. Teem ib txheej ntawm cov av kom lub hauv paus caj dab yog 5-6 cm siab tshaj cov av theem.
7. Yog tias cov yub muaj qhov qhib hauv paus, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas, xyuas kom meej tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb, tshem tawm cov hauv paus puas thiab tawg. Dip cov hauv paus hniav ua ntejnpaj tham los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm av nplaum, av thiab dej. Tsav lub peg txog ib thiab ib nrab meters siab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov, nruab ib lub yub nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm nws, tso cov hauv paus hniav raws lub qhov. Sau lawv nrog ib txheej ntawm cov av npaj, me ntsis tsa cov yub, thaum lub hauv paus dab tshos yuav tsum yog 5-6 cm saum toj no cov av theem. Kho los ntawm xoob khi rau kev txhawb nqa.
8. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub yub (ze rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub qhov, qhov twg tsis muaj cov hauv paus hniav), ncuav ib tug complex ntawm ntxhia chiv rau plums nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog (nws nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, feem ntau superphosphate (300 grams). poov tshuaj sulfate (70 grams). Txawm hais tias muaj kev xav ntawm cov neeg xyaum yug me nyuam uas plums yuav tsum tsis txhob noj thaum lub sij hawm cog, vim hais tias cov nroj tsuag muaj zog thiab nrog ib tug abundance ntawm zaub mov txhua yam yuav loj hlob. Sib tov chiv nrog av, nchuav. Ncuav lwm txheej av, nchuav dua, maj mam tho cov av nrog ib tug pas, yog li cia cov huab cua khiav thiab cov av kom compact.
9. Tau av kom tag. Nco ntsoov tias lub hauv paus caj dab yog ib tug centimeter thiab ib nrab siab tshaj cov av. Thawj qhov kev poob qis yuav tshwm sim tom qab watering, qhov kawg - hauv ob peb hnub. Ib lub siab sab laug caj dab, nrog rau ib qho uas tau mus rau hauv av, yog qhov ua rau cov nroj tsuag tsis tsim nyog.

Sib ntaus tawm tsam zuam thiab sawflies

• Ntsuab mites thiab liab vaj mites. tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo loj heev (txog 30%). Lawv nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm nplooj, vim li ntawd, nplooj qhuav thiab poob tawm, lub hearths lawv tus kheej shrivel, qhuav tawm. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, nws tuaj yeem hloov ntawm plaub mus rau xya lossis yimtiam. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, ua ntej lub paj tawg paj (thaum thawj tiam pib ua haujlwm), cov ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab ("Danadim", "Fitoverm", "Fufanol")

• Cherry slimy sawfly. Los ntawm cov qe nteg rau ntawm nplooj, larvae tshwm, noj cov nplooj mus rau cov leeg. Lawv tig mus rau hauv pupae, qee qhov hibernate, qee leej mus dhau lub neej tshiab thaum lub Yim Hli, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam ua ntej, thaum lub plum tseem tsis tau tawg, yog txau nrog "Karbofos", "Kemifos", "Rogor", nrog rau kev npaj lom - "Entobakterin", "Lepitotsid". Tinctures ntawm wormwood thiab haus luam yeeb nrog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg khawb ntawm cov av yog txaus rau me me colonies.

  

• daj plum sawfly, dub plum sawfly. Kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau plums. Cov poj niam, nteg qe, noj cov kab hauv lub paj, lub zes qe menyuam tsis loj hlob thiab xim poob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam tsim, larvae gnaw los ntawm cov pob txha, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob. Tswj kev ntsuas - kom txog rau thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub paj tawg paj, thaum lub paj tig liab, txau nrog "Karbofos", "Entobakterin", "Lepitotsid" zoo. Loosening tsob ntoo trunks thiab khawb av txo tus naj npawb ntawm dormant larvae. Co cov poj niam mus rau hauv txaj thaum sawv ntxov (thaum muaj av noo) ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Plum Pollinated Aphid

Txuas rau cov kab mob phem tshaj plaws. Thaum lub caij, txog kaum ob tiam tuaj yeem hloov pauv, yug me nyuam hauv geometrickev vam meej. Tom qab lub plum tau blossomed thiab zes qe menyuam tau tshwm sim, thawj cov poj niam nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj, pib pub rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nplooj curls. Thaum nug thaum twg los tsuag plum los ntawm aphids thiab nrog dab tsi, cov neeg paub txog gardeners muab cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no:

• ua ntej bud so, yog aphid multiplied nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, tom qab flowering thiab tom qab flowering;
• tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug, ces tas li thaum lub sij hawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripening nrog ntau zaus ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov nplooj hauv qab.

Cov kev kho mob zoo nrog cov tshuaj xab npum tshauv (ib qho tshuaj ntawm ib kilogram ntawm tshauv thiab ib nrab ib bar ntawm xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws) ua ntej thiab tom qab tawg paj. Plum thaum lub sij hawm flowering yuav tsum tsis txhob kho tawm tsam aphids.

Infusion ntawm marigolds, infusion ntawm txiv kab ntxwv tev, tsuas yog ib tug tov ntawm xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws coj tau zoo. Tej zaum qhov txawv tshaj plaws yog txau Coca-Cola (ib lub raj mis ob-liter rau ib lub thoob dej).

Nws tsim nyog ua yam tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab, xws li "Akarin" ("Agravertin"), "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Arriva".

Common Plum Codling Moth

Nws qab los noj mov zoo kawg li: ib tug kab me me, pw ntawm npauj npaim rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm zes qe menyuam, hatches, gnaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaum hauv nws, zom thiab ua paug txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig nrog excrement, thiab tuaj yeem ntes thiab kov. Npauj npaim ya tawm tom qab lub paj tawg paj, pib nteg qe ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog kaum tsib degrees. Cov pos hniav tso tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntootswb.

Kev tswj hwm yog ob qho tib si pej xeem thiab tshuaj. Caw los ntawm fermented compote, npias, kvass - thaum hmo ntuj, npauj npaim ya mus rau tsw, poob rau hauv kua. Haus luam yeeb nrog "fragrant" seasonings - rotten straw nrog qos yaj ywm thiab lws suav saum, iab wormwood. Ob teev - thiab butterflies tsis xav ya mus rau plum, uas yog fumigated. Ob zaug ib lub caij, tsuas yog thaum npauj npaim tawm, txaus kom tshem tawm lawv.

Muaj ntau yam tshuaj: Aktara, Actellik, Sonnet, Bankol, thiab lwm yam. Koj yuav tsum xaiv cov niaj hnub tshaj plaws thiab hloov nrog cov pej xeem.

Plum kab mob

Ib tug plum, zoo li ib tug neeg, kab mob sib txawv:

• Viral - kab mob me me (sharka) nrog cov pob dawb ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo (xws li cov noob thiab nqa los ntawm aphids), lub nplhaib pom nrog cov xim dawb dawb nrog qhov chaw ntog tawm ntawm lawv (hloov nrog cov noob thiab cov khoom muag). Cov kab mob yuav tsis zam qhov kub thiab txias, yog li nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov yub thaum nws rhaub hauv dej kom plaub caug-tsib degrees.
• Kab mob - tus dab ntxwg nyoog (ib pawg ntawm cov ceg ntoo nrog cov kab mob fungal uas tau loj hlob rau saum, tsuas yog txiav thiab hlawv xwb).
• Tsis muaj kab mob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kho cov pos hniav. Los ntawm kev tso kua txiv, lub plum kho qhov txhab ntawm cov tawv ntoo tom qab pruning. Cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv qhov txhab qhib, lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog lub vaj teb, saib xyuas tas li.

• kab mob fungal -clasterosporiasis, curl, soot fungus, moniliosis (grey rot), plum hnab ris, coccomycosis, milky sheen, polystigmosis, xeb.

  

Xyaum txhua yam kab mob fungal zoo ib yam, yog li ntawd, tib txoj kev siv los tawm tsam lawv - kev kho agrotechnical thiab fungicide.

Kev ua liaj ua teb thev naus laus zis txo qis kom ntseeg tau tias qhov qhib ntawm lub kaus mom rau lub hnub lub rays thiab pub dawb rau huab cua. Kev kho mob, ob qho tib si tiv thaiv thiab tshwj xeeb (thaum muaj mob), nrog Bordeaux kua (peb zaug ib lub caij - nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tom qab paj) muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.