Hauv AC circuits, cov tshuab hluav taws xob hu ua transformers feem ntau siv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog tsim los hloov tus nqi ntawm qhov tam sim no, tab sis cov dej num tib lub sij hawm tuaj yeem sib txawv kiag li. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob engineering, muaj xws li cov tswv yim xws li ib tug tam sim no transformer (CT), voltage (VT) thiab lub hwj chim transformer (TC). Ib qho ntawm lawv yuav ua haujlwm tsuas yog nrog kev sib txuas kom raug ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob windings.
tam sim no transformer yog dab tsi
tam sim no transformers yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv nyob rau hauv high-tam sim no circuits thiaj li ua tiav qhov kev ntsuas tam sim no muaj kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau kev sib txuas cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog kev tiv thaiv sab hauv.
Tus qauv tsim, cov khoom siv no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis qis txuas nrog hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv Circuit Court, qhov twg muaj qhov nruab nrab thiab siab voltage. Kev nyeem tau raug coj mus rau hauv lub voj voog thib ob ntawm qhov ntsuas.
qauv rau tam sim no transformers standardize xws li technical indicators, As:
- Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv.
- Phasehloov.
- Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv insulating.
- Tus nqi ntawm lub peev xwm thauj khoom hauv theem nrab.
- Terminal markings.
Txoj cai tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum sib sau ua ke daim duab sib txuas ntawm qhov tam sim no transformer windings yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm idling hauv qhov thib ob Circuit Court. Raws li qhov no, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev ua haujlwm hauv qab no rau TT:
- Txuas load kuj.
- Kev ua haujlwm luv luv (luv luv luv).
Dab tsi yog qhov voltage transformer
Ib pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov hloov pauv siv hauv AC tes hauj lwm uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob siab dua 380 V. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej yog muab lub zog rau ntsuas ntsuas (IP), cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib cais galvanic ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob siab. rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tu.
Tus tsim ntawm HP tsis yog qhov txawv ntawm TS. Lawv txo qhov voltage mus rau 100 V, uas twb tau muab rau IP. Cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm thawj qhov cua.
Dab tsi yog lub zog hloov pauv
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb siv hauv cov chaw nres tsheb thiab hauv tsev yog cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob. Lawv ua raws li qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm ib qho nqi mus rau lwm qhov, thaum tswj cov duab ntawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Muaj cov kauj ruam-down thiab kauj ruam-up tshuab hluav taws xob.
TS yog peb-theem thiab ib-theem rau ob lossis peb windings. Peb-theem feem ntau yog siv los rov faib lub zog hauv hluav taws xob muaj zogtes hauj lwm, ib-theem tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev, xws li khoom siv hluav taws xob.
CT winding txuas daim duab
Muaj cov tswv yim zoo li no rau kev sib txuas cov windings thib ob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no thaum siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv relay:
- Scheme of a full star. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tam sim no transformers yog hloov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hwj chim theem kab. Lawv qhov thib ob windings yog txuas nrog lub hnub qub circuit nrog relay windings. Tag nrho cov CT terminals ntawm tib tus nqi yuav tsum converge mus rau xoom point. Raws li cov tswv yim no, lub relay yuav hnov mob rau luv luv Circuit Court (luv luv) ntawm txhua theem. Yog hais tias ib tug luv luv Circuit Court tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsheb npav, ces ib tug relay yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub (nyob rau hauv lub xoom xaim).
- Txoj kev txuas rau lub tshuab hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub hnub qub tsis tiav. Qhov kev xaiv no suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm CT tsis nyob rau txhua theem, tsuas yog ob. Qhov thib ob windings tseem txuas nrog lub hnub qub relay. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsuas yog siv tau thaum luv luv ntawm theem. Yog tias lub sijhawm luv luv rau xoom (qhov twg CT tsis tau teeb tsa), kev tiv thaiv yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
- Daim duab ntawm transformers, hnub qub ntawm relays. Ntawm no, CTs tau txuas nrog hauv cov kab nrog ib daim duab peb sab nrog lawv cov lus rov qab ntawm cov kab sib txuas thib ob. Lub vertices ntawm daim duab peb sab no mus rau rays ntawm lub hnub qub, qhov chaw relay yog ntsia. Nws yog siv rau hom kev tiv thaiv xws li tej thaj chaw deb thiab qhov sib txawv.
- SchemeCT kev sib txuas raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ob theem sib txawv. Lub Circuit Court tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau theem-rau-theem luv luv Circuit Court nrog qhov xav tau rhiab heev.
- Zero-sequence tam sim no lim circuit.
Cov kab kos rau qhov hluav taws xob transformer windings
Hais txog VTs, thaum lawv pub relay tiv thaiv thiab ntsuas cov cuab yeej, lawv siv ob theem-rau-theem voltage thiab kab voltage (nruab nrab theem thiab lub ntiaj teb). Cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab peb sab qhib thiab lub hnub qub tsis tiav.
Daim duab peb sab yog siv thaum xav tau ob lossis peb theem-rau-theem voltages, lub hnub qub thaum txuas peb VTs, yog tias theem thiab kab hluav taws xob siv ib txhij rau kev ntsuas thiab tiv thaiv.
Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj ob qhov txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv, lub voj voog hloov pauv yog siv, qhov tseem ceeb windings ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab txuas nrog lub hnub qub. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug qhib daim duab peb sab, ntxiv windings yog assembled. Nrog rau qhov Circuit Court no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov voltage ntawm 0-th ib ntu rau cov lus teb ntawm lub relay system mus rau luv luv Circuit Court nrog ib tug grounded hlau.
Cov kab kos rau windings ntawm lub hwj chim transformers
Rau peb-theem tes hauj lwm, muaj peb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev txuas cov windings ntawm lub hwj chim transformers. Txhua txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas muaj nws tus kheej cuam tshuam rau hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm transformer.
Star kev sib txuas yog thaum muaj qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov pib lossis xaus ntawm txhua qhov windings (zero point). Nov yog cov hauv qab noqauv:
- Phase thiab kab tam sim no muaj nqi tib yam.
- Phase voltage (nruab nrab ntawm theem thiab nruab nrab) tsawg dua linear voltage (nruab nrab theem) los ntawm lub hauv paus square ntawm 3.
Hais txog lub windings ntawm siab (HV), nruab nrab (SN) thiab qis (LV) voltage, schemes feem ntau siv:
- Txuas HV windings nrog lub hnub qub, coj cov hlau los ntawm xoom taw tes kom nce thiab txo T ntawm txhua lub zog.
- CH windings txuas nrog tib txoj kev.
- HV windings tsis tshua muaj hnub qub txuas rau cov kauj ruam-down transformers, tab sis thaum lawv ua, cov hlau nruab nrab raug coj tawm.
Daim duab peb sab kev sib txuas suav nrog kev txuas lub tshuab hloov pauv hauv cov kab hauv ib lub voj voog uas qhov pib ntawm ib qho winding muaj kev sib cuag nrog qhov kawg ntawm lwm qhov, qhov pib ntawm lwm yam nrog qhov kawg ntawm qhov kawg thiab qhov pib ntawm qhov kawg nrog qhov kawg ntawm thawj. Los ntawm qhov vertices ntawm daim duab peb sab muaj cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv xws li kev sib txuas tswv yim rau windings ntawm peb-theem transformer, muaj ib tug qauv:
- Phase thiab kab voltages yog tib tus nqi.
- Phase tam sim no tsawg dua li cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hauv paus square ntawm 3.
Hauv daim duab peb sab, raws li txoj cai, LV windings ntawm txhua kauj ruam-down thiab theem peb-theem T txuas nrog ob, peb windings, nrog rau cov muaj zog ib-theem sib sau ua ke hauv pawg. Rau HV thiab MV, delta kev twb kev txuas tsis nquag siv.
Zigzag-hnub qub kev sib txuas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum hauv cov theem ntawm lub transformer, yog tias cov load ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub thib ob windings yog unevenly faib.
Schemes thiab pab pawg rau txuas transformer windings
Ntxiv rau cov phiaj xwm kev sib txuas, muaj cov pab pawg, uas tau nkag siab tias tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus qhia vector ntawm linear EMF ntawm thawj windings txheeb ze rau electromotive quab yuam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob windings. Cov angular tsis sib xws tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv 360 degrees. Yam uas txiav txim siab pab pawg yog:
- Kev taw qhia ntawm kev tig ntawm txoj kev winding.
- Txoj kev ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub kauj.
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev xaiv pawg, peb tau txais ib teev angular suav faib los ntawm 30 degrees. Yog li ntawd, muaj 12 pawg (los ntawm 0 txog 11). Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev sib txuas yooj yim ntawm transformer windings, txhua qhov kev hloov pauv los ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 degrees yog ua tau.
Dab tsi yog qhov thib peb harmonic rau
Hauv hluav taws xob engineering muaj lub tswv yim ntawm magnetizing tam sim no. Nws yog nws uas tsim lub zog electromotive (EMF). Daim ntawv ntawm xws li ib tug tam sim no tsis yog sinusoidal, vim hais tias siab dua harmonic Cheebtsam nyob ntawm no. Qhov thib peb harmonic yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev sib kis ntawm theem voltage nkhaus yam tsis muaj distortion (ib daim ntawv distorted yog undesirable rau cov khoom lag luam).
Kom tau txais qhov kev sib haum xeeb thib peb, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog kev sib txuas ntawm delta tsawg kawg yog ib qho winding. Yog hais tias lub hnub qub-lub hnub qub transformer winding kev twb kev txuas yog siv raws li ib tug yooj yim ib, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv transformers nrog ob windings, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau lub thib peb harmonic yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd qhov thib peb winding yog qhov txhab mus rau lub transformer, uas yog txuas rau hauv daim duab peb sab, qee zaum tsis muaj txhuas.
