Cov neeg tsim khoom niaj hnub siv ntau cov txheej tshiab fangled thaum teeb tsa lub ru tsev, thiab xws li lub ru tsev tooj liab tau dhau los ua tsis cuam tshuam rau hnub no. Yog tias koj saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv no, nws pom tseeb tias qhov sib txawv no tsis yog lawm.
Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog cov monuments ancient ntawm architecture, npog meej nrog cov ntawv tooj liab. Tom qab ntau xyoo lawm, cov khoom siv vov tsev tsis tau poob nws qhov muaj peev xwm thiab kev ntseeg tau, uas qhia tau tias nws kav ntev. Dab tsi ntxiv yog lub ru tsev zoo tooj liab, dab tsi nws muaj thiab seb nws puas muaj qhov tsis zoo, peb yuav qhia hauv kab lus no.
yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom
tooj liab yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab ruaj khov. Lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm yog vim muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau. Thaum siv, cov nplooj ntawv tooj liab maj mam oxidize, dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tsis muaj tshuaj lom - patina. Nws tsis tso cai rau cov hlau nkag mus rau hauv cov pa oxygen, kom lub ru tsev tsis raug rau nws qhov tsis zoonthuav tawm.
Ib lub ru tsev tooj liab tuaj yeem kav ntev tshaj li ib puas xyoo, thaum thawj ob xyoo caum nws tsuas yog pib oxidize. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
- 1 theem - saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev muaj qhov ci ci;
- 2 theem - lub ru tsev pib oxidize, ua npub;
- 3 theem - patina pib tsim ntawm cov hlau.
Oxidation ntawm cov khoom yog pom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm txij li thawj mus rau peb xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Patina pib tsim tsuas yog tom qab 4 xyoos, thiab tag nrho lub sijhawm no yuav siv sijhawm li 20 xyoo.
Yuav ua li cas cov tooj liab yog cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev
Ua ntej peb tig mus rau lo lus nug ntawm tus nqi tooj liab ntau npaum li cas, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov hlau no los ntawm ntau hom, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov nqi sib txawv. Lawv qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov xim uas hloov pauv.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tos kom txog thaum tooj liab tau txais nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, cov tuam txhab niaj hnub tau kawm "hnub nyoog" nws, nthuav tawm cov hlau rau ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, peb muaj lub ru tsev ntawm plaub hom. Namely:
- Classic tooj. Nws yog ib qho khoom muag, pliable nrog ib tug ntxim nyiam luster thiab ib tug reddish-daj tint. Thaum siv, nws yuav hloov xim. Tus nqi ntawm no ntau yam yog 1500-1700 rubles ib m².
- Oxidized tooj liab. Qhov no yog cov hlau uas tau tsim muaj hnub nyoog rau 2 theem ntawm oxidation. daim ntawv tooj liab rau vov tsevyuav brownish thiab dub. Nws muaj tus nqi tag ntawm 2500 rubles ib m².
- Patinated tooj liab. Xws li cov khoom siv vov tsev yog coj mus rau lub xeev ntawm 20-xyoo-laus hlau, uas yog tag nrho nrog ib tug greenish tiv thaiv txheej. Qhov ntau yam no suav hais tias yog qhov kim tshaj plaws. Nws tus nqi pib los ntawm 3,500 rubles ib m².
- Tinned tooj. Cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev ntawm pab pawg no yog them nrog tin ntawm ob sab. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom tau txais cov hlau ntawm lub teeb grey hue, uas muaj cov xim zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yog kwv yees li 3,000 rubles ib m².
Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab vov
Hais rau lo lus nug "ntau npaum li cas tooj liab rau lub ru tsev?" ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov tsos ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Niaj hnub no muaj txog kaum ob hom txheej txheej, tab sis peb yuav xav txog 4 pawg tseem ceeb. Nov yog:
- cov ntaub ntawv tais;
- pobzeb ntau yam;
- kwv txhiaj cover.
niaj hnub no feem ntau yog lub ru tsev folded tooj liab. Qhov ntau yam no yog cov ntawv tooj liab uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub crate thiab fastened rau ib leeg los ntawm folding. Cov ntaub ntawv tau lees paub qhov siab tshaj plaws impermeability ntawm txheej, txawm tias nws tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus nrog txoj kab nqes me ntsis.
Rau cov ru tsev ntawm cov geometry complex, cov vov tsev yog siv ntau dua. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom me me thiab hloov tau yooj yim sib tshooj uas tsim cov qauv yooj yim thiab ntxim nyiam.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawjnthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv me me uas muaj cov duab ntawm rhombus, square lossis trapezoid. Ntawm ob sab ntawm cov duab no muaj cov xauv xauv uas ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab nruj ntawm tag nrho cov txheej. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm ob lub ru tsev tiaj tus thiab cov ru tsev.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov vov tsev tooj liab
Txawm hais tias tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv, lub ru tsev tooj liab yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev siv ib zaug, tus tswv ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub ru tsev rau ntau xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheej xws li:
- Sustainability. Tooj liab yog cov khoom siv ntshiab thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas tsis tso cov khoom phom sij thaum tshav kub kub hauv lub hnub. Cov pov thawj tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov cuab yeej no yog kev siv hlau hauv kev tsim cov tais diav thiab cov kav dej.
- Kev ywj pheej. Qhov zoo ductility ntawm cov hlau tso cai rau nws siv txawm nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm complex geometry.
- Lub teeb yuag. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tooj liab yog ib yam khoom hnyav heev, lub ru tsev ua los ntawm nws tsis muab ib tug loj load rau lub tsev. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias daim hlau thiab cov nplooj ntawv muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness, yog li lawv qhov kev teeb tsa tsis tas yuav ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus.
- Kho tau yooj yim. Yog hais tias qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev tooj liab, lawv yuav soldered yam tsis dismantling cov khoom. Yog li ntawd thaj chaw kho tsis ua rau lub ru tsev tsis zoo, nws raug kho nrog impregnations uas tsim cov nyhuv ntawm antiquity.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws tsis kamenvironmentally friendly thiab yooj yim rau nruab.
Flaws
Hais txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub ru tsev tooj liab, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias nws tsuas yog ib qho xwb - tus nqi siab. Yog lawm, qhov no yog qhov tseeb, tab sis vim tias lub ru tsev zoo li no tau them tag nrho rau tus tswv hauv 30 xyoo, thiab nws lub neej kev pabcuam yog 4 zaug ntev dua, ces tsis muaj lus nug txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv zoo li no.
Rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, cov tswv ntawm cov txheej txheem pheej yig tswj kom hloov cov khoom siv vov tsev tag nrho ntau dua 5 zaug, siv nyiaj ntau dua rau kev kho. Raws li qhov no, nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias qhov kev tsis txaus no yog txheeb ze heev.
Npaj rau kev teeb tsa
Peb tau txiav txim siab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub ru tsev tooj liab. Tam sim no cia peb mus rau kev tso lub ru tsev. Qhov no yog ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Ntawm no koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yuam kev thiab txawm tias qhov yuam kev me me, vim cov khoom siv kim heev.
Yog tias lub tsev tab tom tsim kho, tom qab ntawd kev ua haujlwm vov tsev pib nrog kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau kho tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov hluav taws kub, vim tias yog cov rafters rot ua ntej, cov khoom siv vov tsev kuj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Tsis tas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsawg dua rau kev npaj qhov cua (hauv qhov chaw hauv qab lub ru tsev). Yog hais tias lub tsev muaj ib lub qab nthab, nws yog insulated thiab nruab nrog ib tug muab thiab tso system. Lub rwb thaiv tsev nws tus kheej yog tiv thaiv los ntawm vapor barrier cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev tsis tsimcondensate, tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev npaj ntawm vapor barrier. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov ntaub ntawv membrane yog siv, uas yog nteg nyob rau hauv parallel mus rau lub ridge, pib ntawm lub qis ntug ntawm lub ru tsev (overlapping los ntawm 10 cm).
Tom ntej, lub crate tab tom npaj. Thov nco ntsoov tias lub ru tsev tooj liab tsuas yog tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yog sib sau los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov plywood uas tsis muaj dej noo los yog OPS boards.
Kev teeb tsa tooj liab
Txhim kho lub ru tsev tooj liab (siv cov khoom siv checkered) yog cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm thiab siv sijhawm ntau tshaj. Vim li no, txheej txheej no tsuas yog xaiv thaum nws los tiv thaiv oval, puag ncig thiab elliptical qauv.
txhawm rau txuag nyiaj, tus neeg kuaj tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej (ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm) los ntawm kev txiav cov duab uas xav tau los ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus muaj qhov ntev ntawm 21 x 21 cm los yog 33 x 33 cm. Cov kev txwv no tso cai rau koj txiav cov ntawv nrog cov khoom pov tseg tsawg kawg nkaus. Koj tseem tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom npaj ua tiav.
Rov los ntawm cov checkers yog mounted siv ob hom xauv (ncaj thiab thim rov qab), uas nyob rau saum toj thiab hauv qab txhua lub caij. Los ntawm kev koom nrog lawv, tag nrho cov txheej yog sau, thaum lub checker sab sauv yuav tsum npog qhov sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus qis.
Txhob pobzeb
Pobzeb tooj liab vov tsev yog pw rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm ib qho yooj yim configuration, txoj kab nqes ntawm qhov tsawg kawg yog 35 degrees. Cov haujlwm tau ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Cov pobzeb yog tsau ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov thaumsiv stainless hlau screws thiab fasteners (cleats).
- Cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hauv ob sab phlu yog muab tso rau hauv cov kwj deg, uas tau muab tso nrog qhov sib tshooj ntawm 20 cm.
- ru tsev pib ntawm lub ru tsev. Cov vuas yog positioned offset kom cov phaj sab saum toj npog cov pob qij txha ntawm kab hauv qab.
- Txhua lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej yog tsau ntawm lub hauv paus nrog 4 tus kheej tapping screws. Yog hais tias lub installation ntawm lub ru tsev yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj zog cua, ces tus xov tooj ntawm fasteners yog nce mus rau 6 daim.
- Tom qab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm, cov tshuab ua pa cua thiab cov khoom ntim cov daus tau teeb tsa.
Kev txhim kho lub ru tsev seam
Lub seam-hom tooj liab ru tsev yog suav tias yog qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws, vim nws tsis muaj qhov los ntawm cov fasteners. Txhawm rau tsim lub ru tsev zoo li no, siv cov ntawv los yog dov hlau. Clamps thiab ob chav folds yog muas raws li fasteners.
Ua ntej kev teeb tsa, kos npe ntsug yog ua rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm lub crate, cov kauj ruam uas sib haum mus rau qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv tooj.
Clamps, kho cov canvases ntawm lub hauv paus, yog ntsia raws cov kab kos, txhua 40 cm (uas yog, 4 daim ib 1 m²). Raws li ib puag ncig ntawm cornices, hlws ris strips thiab skates, cov kauj ruam ntawm lawv installation yog txo kom 35 cm.
Ntxiv mus, npaj cov nplooj ntawv tooj liab (duab) 0.8 hli tuab yog muab tso rau ntawm lub crate. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm clamps thiab folded ntawm seams nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cuab tam. Qhov siab ntawm qhov quav tom qab crimping yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 3 cm. Yog li, cov npoo ntawm cov nplooj ntawv tau muab zais hauv qab cov fasteners, uas lav qhov nruj nruj ntawm lub ru tsev.
Copper Roof Maintenance
Raws li tau hais dhau los, lub ru tsev tooj liab tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas ntau. Yog tias vim li cas nws xav tau kev kho, nws yuav ua tiav yam tsis muaj dismantling cov khoom. Yog tias qhov kev tso dej ua tiav zoo, ces kev siv cov sealants thiab rov txhim kho lub ru tsev yuav tsis xav tau ntau xyoo.
Ib yam mus rau dyeing tooj. Txij li thaum nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej tshaj lub neej ntawm cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish txheej, koj tsis tas yuav xav txog seb nws puas tsim nyog pleev xim rau lub ru tsev tooj liab. Cov txheej txheem ntxiv yuav poob sai dua li cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau kho.
