Prefabricated thav duab tsev nyob rau hauv kev thov siab vim tus nqi qis thiab kev siv tshuab nrawm nrawm. Obviously, cov txiaj ntsig no los ntawm kev siv ntau yam ntawm kev tsim teeb meem, xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog thiab kev pabcuam luv luv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov haujlwm zoo li no tsis yog ib txwm tsim los siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis txawm tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsis yog txhua tus tau npaj siab los muab cov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm lub tsev, uas cuam tshuam rau kev nplij siab. Lub tshuab ntawm lub tsev thav duab tso cai rau koj tshem tawm ib qho ntawm cov kev tsis zoo no. Peb tab tom tham txog thermal rwb thaiv tsev, thiab qee zaum, ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog cov tsev rov qab
thev naus laus zis yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Canadian prefabricated thav duab txoj hauv kev tsim tsev ntiag tug. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog ib-zaj dab neeg tsev ntawm ib cheeb tsam me me. Cov txheej txheem tsim kho yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas npaj txhij, uas suav nrog tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog. Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa yog tsim raws li cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv cov ncej racks. Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm yuav luag txhua tusthav duab tsev yog tias cov phab ntsa thiab cov partitions tsis ua haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm kev tuav kab rov tav interfloor ceilings nrog cov load tso rau ntawm lawv. Lawv tsuas yog ua cov hnab ntawv hauv tsev xwb. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub bearing muaj nuj nqi yog cais pauv mus rau cov hlau thiab reinforced pob zeb racks ntawm tus ncej. Sheathing tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv los ntawm chipboard lossis OSB nplooj ntawv rau cib thiab ntoo.
Dab tsi yog tus qauv filling? Los ntawm kev tsim cov thav duab ib txwm muaj, nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev backfill sab hauv muaj cov kab noj hniav rau sau nrog cov ntaub ntawv loj. Qhov tseeb, yog li lub npe ntawm technology. Yog hais tias lub tsev thav duab muaj cov ntxhia wool nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab vapor thiab dej insulators hauv cov qauv phab ntsa, ces xuab zeb (perlite), peat lossis sawdust ua lub rhaub hauv cov txheej txheem rov qab. Nws yog nruj nreem rammed kom tsis muaj voids sab laug. Cov phab ntsa lawv tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm sheathing los ntawm cov laug cam los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv vaj huam sib luag siv nyob rau hauv thav duab vaj huam sib luag.
Feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias lub tsev backfill yog cov qauv ua ntej, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev pib mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kabmob racks thiab muab tso rau hauv cov phab ntsa.
Rau cov ntaub ntawv rov qab
Lub hauv paus ntawm thav duab yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo txhawb nqa, uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo softwood, ziab hauv chav qhuav. Raucov ntsiab lus uas yuav nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub hauv paus lossis hauv qab daus (ntawm ib theem hauv qab hauv av los yog tsawg dua 25 cm saum toj no) yuav tsum tau txais kev kho mob antiseptic. Nws tiv thaiv ntoo los ntawm rotting thiab lub cev puas tsuaj.
Raws li SNiP 2.03.11., tig ntsej muag, ua tiav, vov tsev, insulating, sealing thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev rau lub tsev thav duab yuav tsum ua raws li kev siv hauv zos.
Ecological yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account nyias. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tsev thav duab los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag prefabricated vaj huam sib luag. Nws yog qhov tsis lees paub ntawm cov khoom cua sov-insulating txheej hauv kev pom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv xoob xoob uas txiav txim siab ib puag ncig zoo dua ntawm cov qauv. Cov kev cai tseem pom zoo cov cai rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm cov ntoo, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li formaldehyde saum 5 mg rau 100 g. Yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua ntej detoxifying primer.
Feem ntau, cov khoom uas muaj asbestos kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev - tshwj xeeb, hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Thaum lub sij hawm installation, xws li cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog glazed vuas, los yog them nrog waterproof xim thiab varnishes. Qhov kev kho mob no yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev neeg.
kev ruaj ntseg
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm prefabricated thav duab lub tsev, thiab lwm yam, yog txuam nrog hluav taws kub thiab tsis tshua muaj zog. Ob qho xwm txheejRaws li, txiav txim siab ntau dua rau kev tiv thaiv cov kev hem thawj zoo sib xws.
Raws li kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, nws muaj ob txoj hauv kev:
- Hloov lossis ua tiav tsis lees paub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov qauv tseem ceeb. Tib lub OSB sheathing kub hnyiab tau sai, hloov cov nplaim taws mus rau cov kabmob thiab cov phab ntsa, yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tau, hauv txoj cai, hlawv. Tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau insulators thiab insulating muab tub lim. Yog siv ntoo chips los yog sawdust, lub sheathing yuav tsum tsis-combustible.
- Qhov thib ob los nce cov hluav taws ntawm lub tsev pheebsf ntawm ntoo hauv ntoo cuam tshuam txog kev tsim cov hluav taws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov impregnations tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv ntoo, thiab ua haujlwm zoo heev. Piv txwv li, muaj kev hloov kho ntawm cov phab ntsa ntub dej thiab cov ntaub plaub bas alt uas tsis txhawb kev sib txuas thiab ua haujlwm raws li cov txheej txheem tag nrho ntawm sab hauv cladding.
Txoj cai kom ntseeg tau lub zog ntawm lub tsev
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm kev tsim cov thav duab kom raug tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm rau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo. Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Raws li twb tau sau tseg, ntau yuav nyob ntawm seb cov cab kuj system ntawm racks. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntsug thiab kab rov tav uas tsim cov hlua fais fab hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlua khi qis thiab sab sauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lintels saum cov qhov qhib tau nkag rau hauv qhov system no. Racks yuav tsum tau so rau hauv pem teb ntawm txhua lub tsev, faib cov load rau tag nrho cheeb tsam.
Txhim kho qhov tsim thiab los ntawm kev suav nrog cov khoom siv ruaj khov dua li ntoo. Piv txwv li, muaj cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke cib-sau lub tsev, uas siv ib lossis ntau dua brickwork. Qhov tseeb, cov masonry ua raws li kev txhawb nqa txoj siv sia, uas ua rau kom muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog tias lub cib nrog cov qauv monolithic yuav tsis tso cai rau kev ua kom zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev - tsis tas li ntawd, cov choj txias tuaj yeem tsim ntawm cov junctions. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yuav yog siv cov polystyrene blocks. Cov no yog cov qauv hollow phab ntsa ntu uas tuaj yeem sau nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev ntau.
Tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev rov qab
Lub xaib rau kev tsim kho yav tom ntej tau raug tshem tawm rau lub hauv paus sawb. Cov khib nyiab, pob zeb thiab cov nroj tsuag raug tshem tawm nrog rau cov hauv paus hniav. Yog hais tias muaj ib tug anthill nyob rau hauv lub site cheeb tsam, cov av paug yog hloov mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txog 30 cm. Yog hais tias nws yog npaj rau nteg kev sib txuas lus, ces lub contours ntawm lub trench yog sau nrog tuab bulk khoom, uas yog ces rammed thiab concreted. Tom ntej no, qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa yog txiav txim siab. Nws yog ua tau los tsim ib lub tsev backfill nrog sab nrauv thiab sab hauv phab ntsa 20-50 cm tuab, tus nqi tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev nrog qab nthab. Raws li, rau ib lub tsev ib-zaj dabneeg, cov phab ntsa nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 20-30 cm yog xam, thiab rau ib tug peb-storey tsev - txog 50 cm.
Lub hauv paus soles yog npaj rau cov kab uas muaj kabmob. Cov kauj ruam ntawm lawv yog xamtus kheej - nyob ntawm seb tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev, cov qauv ntawm cov cab kuj thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov dej hauv av. Yuav ua li cas ua ib lub tsev backfill ntawm lub hauv paus kauj ruam? Cov qauv zoo li no tau teeb tsa rau ntawm txoj kab nqes kom qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab rov tav yog tsawg kawg 60 cm. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv lub hauv paus columnar. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov pawg nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub thav duab txhawb nqa nrog ib kauj ruam ntawm 2-3.5 m.
Txhim kho tus ncej
Cov qauv txhawb nqa yog tsim los ntawm cov ncej, kab thiab pilasters. Kev suav ntawm qhov system no coj mus rau hauv tus account lub thauj khoom ntawm cov plag tsev, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam sab nraud xws li cua. Txhawm rau muab lub tsev backfill nrog cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm tus ncej yuav tsum pib los ntawm hauv qab daus. Nyob rau theem ntawm hauv qab daus, racks nrog cov phab ntsa sab hauv yog muab tso rau, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj ua ib tug load-bearing muaj nuj nqi, txhawb lub thawj thiab tseem ceeb hauv pem teb.
Cov kab yog tsau rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov pas nrig sab nraud yog txuas nrog rau cov plag tsev nrog cov khoom thauj tog rau nkoj. Feem ntau lawv siv cov hlau thiab cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, tab sis qee zaum kev taw qhia ntawm cov ncej ntoo kuj tau tso cai. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug system, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los muab kev cais ntawm cov khoom ntoo los ntawm cov pob zeb ua qauv. Qhov no yog ua nrog yas qhwv. Cov ncej hlau yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm ob-zaj dab neeg backfill tsev. Nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem ua cov ncej zeb lossis cib. Cov qauv tsis zoo rau cov qauv hauv qhov dav thiab qhov tob zoo li no: 29x29 lossis 19x39 cm.
Pilasters kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua ntxiv. Lawv tau teem rau hauv qab dausphab ntsa, lub thickness ntawm uas tsis ntau tshaj 14 cm. Pilasters yog muab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus siv txheeb ze rau hauv pem teb ntsiab. Fastening yog nqa tawm tag nrho qhov siab ntawm qhov sib txuas nrog cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus.
Txoj kev tsim kho phab ntsa
Rau cov phab ntsa, lub hauv paus fais fab tseem tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntsug racks thiab pab txhawb nqa kab rov tav. Jumpers tau teeb tsa saum lub qhov qhib, thiab cov hlua khi hlua khi tau muab tso rau thoob plaws tag nrho cov cab kuj ntawm txhua kab - yam tsawg kawg ntawm saum toj thiab hauv qab. Sheathing ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev backfill yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv nruj los yog cov khoom siv slab. Cov panels yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom thauj los ntawm tus kheej qhov hnyav ntawm cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev thiab los ntawm cua. Yog tias tsis suav nrog cov plating nruj, ces yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv nrog kab pheeb ces kaum lossis bracing.
Nws raug nquahu kom sau cov phab ntsa nrog rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv huab cua sov, kom qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov dej nkag rau hauv cov khoom yog thawj zaug txo qis. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem filling, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov voids, qhov qhib, qhov khoob thiab qhov chaw tsis txaus. Xws li qhov tsis xws luag cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog thermal conductivity, tab sis kuj muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv. Phab ntsa niches tuaj yeem muab cov sawdust, arbolite, xuab zeb, nthuav av nplaum, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws yuav yog los tsim lub tsev sau los ntawm sawdust, uas tuaj yeem tau txais dawb xwb thiab nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm sawmills. Lwm qhov yog qhov ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv kuj yuav tsum tau ua. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias cov sawdust yuav tsum tau qhuav kom zoo, compressed, thiab tseem tov nrog cov cement, uas yuav tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo.waterlogging ntawm lub muab tub lim thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov phab ntsa, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov nplaum nplaum es tsis txhob siv cov cement. Nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov tebchaw nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov khoom siv refractory.
Sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev
Txij li cov phab ntsa yog tsim los rau kev kaw, thiab tsis yog rau kev thauj khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pib muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau txuas cov khoom siv sab nrauv. Raws li txoj cai, txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm lub crate - tus qauv ntawm cov ntoo planks thiab tuav, uas yog mounted rau ntawm lub ntsiab phab ntsa cladding vaj huam sib luag thiab ua hauj lwm rau kev kho tom ntej ntawm lub cladding. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv ua tiav:
- Ntoo board. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau dav slats, thiab hauv ob sab phlu nrog locking grooves. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov tsev backfill nrog cov qauv tsim no qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Koj tuaj yeem mount lub rooj tsavxwm rau ntawm ntoo crate nrog rau cov ntsia hlau zoo tib yam nrog cov tshuaj pleev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
- Sib. Nws kuj yog ib qho khoom siv yooj yim rau nruab, uas yog yas, ntoo lossis hlau panels. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo dua los siv cov ntawv txhuas, uas hnyav me ntsis thiab saib zoo nkauj heev. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo yog qhov txhuas tau yooj yim deformed, tab sis nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim los kho nws.
- Block house. Imitation ntawm textured duab ntawm lub classic log tsev ntawm ib tug hlau puag. ATQhov tseem ceeb, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov siding thiab cov laug cam - cov nplooj ntawv semicircular yog tsau rau lub crate nrog kho vajtse thiab kev sib tshuam nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke-groove.
Kho ua haujlwm
Vim lub tsev feem ntau ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntuj, yuav muaj qee zaus yuav tsum tau kho thaj chaw uas tau biodegraded. Qhov no tsuas yog siv rau phab ntsa cladding thiab sab hauv rwb thaiv tsev. Yuav ua li cas kho cov qauv ntawm lub tsev qub backfill? Cov cheeb tsam puas, raug rau thaj tsam me me, raug txiav tawm nrog lub saw saw. Thaum lub sij hawm txiav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob ua rau cov kab thiab studs cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv phab ntsa. Cov ntoo cog ntoo, board lossis slab cov ntaub ntawv yog hloov nrog cov analogues tshiab nrog kev sib khi. Yog hais tias tag nrho ntu raug puas lawm, nws yuav tsum raug tshem tawm tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev sib cais.
Yog tias muaj cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa (tseem tsw lwj, noo noo los ntawm, softening ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv phab ntsa), ces cov sheathing tsis tas yuav dismantled. Tib sawdust yog hloov nrog ib qho tshiab xoob rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis tag nrho cov foci ntawm kev lwj lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xwm txheej txawv ntawm phab ntsa niche yuav tsum xub muab tshem tawm. Hauv qhov no, kev kho lub tsev backfill yuav muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob loj ntawm cov sheathing nto ntawm sab nraub qaum. Los ntawm txoj kev, kom pib tsis suav nrog kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm qhov muab tub lim thiab cov phab ntsa, koj tuaj yeem tso cov khoom hauv cov hnab yas tuab, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lawv nruj nreem rau hauv lub niche ntawm cov qauv.
Qhov zoo ntawm Technology
Raws li lub tsev tsim, lub tsev nrog cov phab ntsa xoob muab ntau qhov zoo ntawm cov koom haum tsim kho. Lawv tau qhia nyob rau hauv kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ua hauj lwm, txo cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nce nyob rau hauv kev ceev ntawm kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias piv rau cov tsoos tsev ntoo, txoj kev no yuav muaj kev pom zoo ntawm lub koom haum zoo. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lwm lub tsev thav duab, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev backfill kuj tseem ceeb heev. Loose filling, tsis zoo li cov ntxhia wool, polystyrene ua npuas ncauj thiab lwm yam hluavtaws insulators, tso cai rau koj muab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab pheej yig thermal barrier.
Flaws of technology
Koj kuj yuav tsum pib nrog cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm cov tsev thav duab, uas tseem siv tau rau cov vaj tsev. Qhov tsis zoo yuav suav nrog kev ntseeg siab tsawg, cov kev txwv hauv kev siv ntau yam add-ons thiab kev nyab xeeb hluav taws kub siab. Zoo li qhov zoo ntawm lub tsev backfill, nws qhov tsis zoo yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntau. Organic fillers muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob lom, combustion thiab feem ntau noj los ntawm kab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog cov av fertile rau lub neej ntawm nas, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov qauv. Raws li, muaj cov kev xav tau ntxiv rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas cov qauv ntawm lub tsev, uas yuav suav nrog kev xav tau cov nplaim hluav taws tsis tu ncua, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev kho mob lom.nto.
Zoo kawg
Nrog tag nrho cov kev txwv thiab qhov tsis txaus, cov txheej txheem ua kom tiav tso cai rau koj los tsim lub zog txuag thiab xis nyob niaj hnub. Rau ib qho me me, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ruaj khov sawdust ntawm 1-2 pem teb. Lwm qhov yog tias nws yuav tsim nyog los tuav lub npe ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb. Lawv cuam tshuam txog kev saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv rhiab ntawm kev tsim kho, lub ntsiab ntawm cov ntoo yuav yog ntoo. Ntau impregnations, primers thiab tiv thaiv txheej pab kom nws ua hauj lwm lub neej.
