Dacha. Rau ntau tus amateur gardeners, lo lus no caresses lub pob ntseg, nrog rau cov neeg uas nyiam so nyob rau hauv qhov xwm, hu nkauj noog, rustling cua nyob rau hauv lub crown ntawm ntoo. Kev nyob tau yooj yim nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev, nyob ntawm seb lub tsev sov thiab xis nyob npaum li cas. Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev nplij siab yog qhov rais uas muab lub tsev zoo nkauj. Thiab, tau kawg, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity yuav tsum tau hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv iav.
Plastic windows: ntaus ntawv
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog ntawm kev niaj hnub, qub, tsis yooj yim, tsis xis nyob hauv cov thawv ntoo nrog cov thav ntawv yog hloov los ntawm cov tshiab, niaj hnub - siv PVC. Lub qhov rais yas rau lub caij ntuj sov nyob, nrog rau lwm chav, yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov kev xaiv no ua tiav ua ke nrog tus nqi thiab zoo, tsim thiab kev nplij siab. Lub qhov rais yas yog dab tsi? Rau lub caij ntuj sov chaw nyob - ib qho kev xaiv irreplaceable. Cov ncej yog ua los ntawm PVC (polyvinyl chloride) profile.
Hom thiab yam ntxwv ntawm PVC profiles rau yas qhov rais
Profile yog cov qauv molded los ntawm PVC yas. Nruab sab hauvpartitions tsim ob peb qhov chaw ywj pheej-chamber, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas txiav txim siab thermal conductivity ntawm tus ncej. Qhov ntau qhov seem, qhov cua sov tsawg yuav ua rau sab nraud. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov koob yees duab hauv ib qhov profile yog los ntawm peb mus rau yim. Cov ntsiab lus sib cais yog welded rau hauv lub voj kaw (ntev) siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob lossis ntau qhov chaw. Ntawm cov no, ntawm kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, qee tus yuav lag ntseg (tsis qhib), thaum lwm tus yuav qhib nrog kev pab cuam ntawm fittings. Raws li lub thickness ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov chav, cov profiles yog conditionally muab faib ua peb chav kawm:
- Class A - nrog cov phab ntsa sab hauv los ntawm 2.5 hli, phab ntsa sab nrauv los ntawm 2.8 hli. Nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab yog qhov feem ntau nrhiav tom qab.
- Class B - sab hauv phab ntsa los ntawm 2 hli, sab nrauv phab ntsa los ntawm 2.5 hli. Lub qhov rais ua los ntawm xws li ib tug profile ua kom sov nyob rau hauv chav tsev tsis zoo (los ntawm 15%), muaj tsawg tsis kam mus deformation.
- Class C - tag nrho cov seem uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv A thiab B. Tsis muaj kev txwv nruj rau cov.
Nco ntsoov hais qhov profile rau "khoom". Qhov kev xaiv no yog siv rau kev tsim cov qhov rais ntsia hauv cov chaw tsis muaj vaj tse. Vim yog cov phab ntsa nyias, cov qauv tsis resistant rau deformation, thiab tsis ua rau lub preservation ntawm tshav kub nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws zoo ib yam li cov kev xaiv rau thaj chaw nyob. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem nyeem cov cim khoom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv profile. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau cov tuam txhab tsis ncaj ncees muab cov khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm tus nqi qis. Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem ua los ntawmqhov profile no.
Xaiv qhov profile rau lub qhov rais yav tom ntej
Xaiv qhov profile zoo tsis yooj yim pom. Tab sis tseem muaj cov cim qhia raws li qhov uas nws dhau los ua qhov tseeb los txiav txim siab nws txoj kev ntseeg tau. Qhov ntxhib saum npoo ntawm cov yas qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, xws li cov khoom lag luam suav tias yog pheej yig fake. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov yas zoo yuav tsum zoo li tiaj tus, du, thiab tsis muaj streaks.
Qhov tseem ceeb: txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau qhov profile cuav, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov chaw tsim khoom kos npe rau sab hauv ntawm tus ncej. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib xws, hnub tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom.
Kev xaiv qhov dav dav thiab tuab
Qhov kev xaiv siv dav tshaj plaws rau qhov rais yog qhov classic profile rau thaj chaw nyob nrog qhov dav ntawm 58 hli. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav hnyav, cov khoom siv nrog qhov ntsuas ntawm 70 millimeters yog xav tau. Thiab, thaum kawg, qhov profile ntawm pab pawg "premium" muaj cov yam ntxwv siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub suab thiab cua sov rwb thaiv tsev. Tab sis ob peb lub tuam txhab siv cov khoom zoo li no hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.
Cov profile raug xaiv raws li qhov tuab ntawm 2.5 txog 3.0 hli. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tsim nyog rau qhov hnyav ntawm qhov rais, vim qhov chaw vuam yuav tig tawm kom tsis muaj zog. Raws li, tag nrho cov thav duab yuav tsis tshua ntseeg siab zog.
koob yees duab profile
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chav txiav txim siab qhov dav ntawm qhov profile. Kev tsim qauv siv cov khoom siv 58 hli yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau tus naj npawb ntawm 3 chav. Qhov no txaus rauua kom sov. Rau 70mm - plaub thiab tsib lub koob yees duab. Hom no yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws rau thaj chaw nyob. Lub 90 hli contour muaj 6 los yog ntau dua partitions. Qhov ntau partitions thiab cua voids nyob rau hauv cov qauv, qhov ntau cua sov thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev lub qhov rais chav tsev muaj.
YGlazed windows
Ntau zaus, cov neeg siv tsis meej pem cov naj npawb ntawm cov chav ua haujlwm huab cua nrog tus naj npawb ntawm ob lub qhov rais glazed - cov qauv ua los ntawm ob peb lub iav sib sau ua ke siv lub sealant thiab thav duab hauv ib pob.
Nruab nrab ntawm cov nplooj iav yog qhov chaw uas muaj huab cua. Hauv qee cov khoom, cov pa roj yog pumped los ntawm huab cua, uas txo cov thermal conductivity ntawm lub block. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev ob chav glazed muaj ob lub iav (ib chamber). Qhov kev tsim no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov hnyav, tab sis tsis khaws cov cua sov kom zoo. Ib-chamber yas qhov rais rau lub caij ntuj sov cottages tuaj yeem siv tau, yog tias chav tsev no tsuas yog siv rau lub caij sov. Feem ntau, lub caij ntuj sov tsev tsuas yog kaw rau lub caij ntuj no thiab tso lub tswb kom txog rau thaum lub caij sov tom ntej.
Rau ib chav tsev, ib lub tsev, lub tsev rhuab, kev teeb tsa ntawm ob chav chamber yas qhov rais yog xav tau.
pob no muaj peb lub iav thiab, raws li, ob lub koob yees duab. Peb-chamber tej pob khoom siv tsawg dua. Cov qauv no hnyav thiab cia nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsawg. Lawv siv yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv hnyav tej yam kev mob, ntawm ambient kub hauv qab no -35°C.
Qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum xaiv qhov profile, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub foob. Tsis pub tsawg dua ob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, condensation yuav tshwm sim thiab, yog li ntawd, tshwm sim ntawm fungus thiab pwm.
qhov rais xaiv
Rau qhov kev xaiv zoo ntawm lub qhov rais yas rau lub caij ntuj sov, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej hauv qab uas nws yuav siv. Yog tias lub tsev tau npaj kom muaj cua sov kom nyob hauv nws thaum lub caij txias, ces koj yuav tsum tau xaiv cov khoom kim heev profile thiab ob lub qhov rais glazed. Xws li lub qhov rais yuav zoo dua rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov cua sov hauv chav. Yog tias nyob rau lub caij ntuj no tsis suav nrog tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj thiab xaiv qhov kev lag luam hauv chav kawm ntawv yas qhov rais, uas yog, lub qhov rais ib chav nrog ib qho pheej yig dua profile. Yog tias muaj ntau lub qhov rais hauv tsev, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov twg ntawm lawv yuav lag ntseg thiab qhov twg yuav qhib. Cov lag ntseg pheej yig dua. Lawv tsis tas yuav yoov tshaj cum. Rau qhov cua zoo ntawm chav tsev, ib lub qhov rais qhib yuav txaus.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab ua ntej qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais sill. Cov lauj kaub nrog paj thiab, tej zaum, qee cov qauv tsim yuav yooj yim haum rau ntawm qhov dav. Qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws yas qhov rais rau lub caij ntuj sov tsev yuav ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:
- pheej yig profile nrog ob peb lub koob yees duab;
- ib chav tsev ob chav glazed;
- pheej yig fittings (kuav, cua curtains, microlift, striker).
Koj tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau ntawm kev yuav lub qhov rais tiav. Cov qauv tsim zoo sib xws yeej ib txwm muaj los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab los ntawm cov tuam txhab uas nruab qhov raisthaiv. Feem ntau muaj qhov xwm txheej thaum lub qhov rais tsis haum tus neeg siv khoom, lossis nws vim qee yam tsis kam lees nws. Cov khoom zoo li no pheej yig dua thiab muab tso rau muag.
Windows ua rau xaj yuav kim dua. Cov duab tsis zoo kuj tseem yuav ua rau tus nqi ntawm lub qhov rais thaiv. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub qhov rais yas daim duab peb sab rau lub tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, tsim rau qhov chaw qab nthab.
Qhov rai qhov ntev rau kev muab
Yog tias vim li cas nws tsis tuaj yeem xaiv lub qhov rai yas npaj ua rau muab, koj yuav tsum tau xaj nws raws li kev ntsuas ntsuas. Rau xws li kev ua, koj tuaj yeem caw ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab uas txhim kho cov blocks. Yog tias tus tswv muaj kev paub txaus thiab muaj peev xwm txhim kho lub qhov rais nws tus kheej, ces nws yuav tsis yooj yim los ua qhov kev ntsuas tsim nyog. Qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais yas rau kev muab yog nyob ntawm qhov kev ntshaw ntawm tus tsim tawm lossis ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais uas twb muaj lawm, yog tias nws raug hloov. Kev ntsuas yog ua los ntawm kev ntsuas daim kab xev. Koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm qhov khoob rau kev txhim kho lub qhov rais yas. Thaum ntsuas lub qhov rais qhib los ntawm sab nraud, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub thav duab thiab qhov qhib ntawm 4 cm nyob rau hauv dav thiab 2 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Hauv chav tsev, los ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa ntawm chav tsev qhov rais, qhov ntev thiab qhov dav ntawm qhov rais sill yog ntsuas.
Thaum tso ib qho kev txiav txim, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom pheej yig ntawm qhov tsis zoo yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm cov qauv. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li yoov tshaj cum, muaj qhov uas yuav tiv thaiv cov neeg nyob hauv tsev los ntawm kev ntxeem tau.cov kab nqus ntshav. Lub mesh tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov ntaub thaiv (txuas ncaj qha rau ntawm tus ncej) lossis ntawm cov hlau caij nplooj ntoos hlav latches. Cov no yog txuas rau lub mesh ncej thiab tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov rais qhib.
Txhim lub qhov rais yas
Hauv cov txheej txheem no, 2 yam yuav tsum tau sau tseg:
- Txhob qhov qub (thaum hloov).
- Nkauj tshiab.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ntau dhau ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub qhov rais qub. Tom qab tshem cov thav duab nrog cov iav los ntawm lub thawv ntoo nrog lub hacksaw, cov thav duab qub yuav tsum tau txiav rau hauv 2 qhov chaw. Ua tib zoo tshem lub thawv los ntawm lub qhov rais qhib nrog lub crowbar.
txhawm rau txhim kho tus ncej tshiab koj yuav xav tau:
- Punch.
- Screwdriver.
- theem yog kab rov tav.
- pummet.
- Npaj ua npuas ncauj.
- Dowels thiab screws.
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub niche rau lub qhov rais los ntawm lub qub plaster, sealing ntsiab (kaw, roj hmab), thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev teeb tsa (kev teeb tsa) ntawm lub qhov rais yas. Ua li no, nws yog thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb ntawm tag nrho cov qauv los ntawm kev tshem tawm ob lub qhov rais glazed (txoj kev ntawm kev txhim kho lub qhov rais nrog unpacking). Tsuas yog qhov profile yog mounted. Siv cov kav dej thiab ib theem, kos qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rais hauv lub niche. Siv lub perforator, npaj qhov rau cov thauj tog rau nkoj (inch 6-8 mm) los yog dowels nrog tus kheej-tapping screws. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov thauj tog rau nkoj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 70 cm, teem lub saum toj no clearances nyob rau hauv dav thiab qhov siab. Fasten tus ncej rau lub qhov rais qhib siv fasteners. Thaum txhim kho lub qhov rais sill, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov chaw ntawm nws mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub nichepuv nrog tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg tsim khoom siv cov khoom ua npuas ncauj thiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj kom yooj yim ua haujlwm thiab txuag cov khoom. Tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab no tsis raug.
Tom qab txhim kho lub qhov rais sill hauv chav tsev thiab txuas cov dej ntws tawm sab nraud, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub thav duab raug muab tso rau hauv qhov qhib. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb rov siv daim kab xev ntsuas, kab kav dej thiab qib. Tsuas yog tom qab kuaj xyuas tag nrho cov kev txwv, koj tuaj yeem pib sau cov voids nrog mounting ua npuas ncauj. Nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj kom tsis txhob tau txais ntawm cov yas thiab lub qhov rais sill. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
Tom qab ua npuas ncauj hardens, koj yuav tsum tau txiav nws ntau dhau nrog rab riam thiab koj tuaj yeem nruab ob lub qhov rais glazed hauv lawv qhov chaw, kho lawv nrog cov hlaws dai. Cov lus pom zoo tseem ceeb: nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau plaster cov slopes sab nraum qhov chaw tsis pub dhau ob peb hnub (5-7) txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw ua npuas ncauj los ntawm ib puag ncig cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau nruab - tsis muaj luam ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub qhov rais yog ntsia tsis tau tshem tawm ob-glazed qhov rais. Txoj kev no yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis vim qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsom iav. Txhua qhov kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa yog tib yam li saum toj no.
