Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua txoj kev thev naus laus zis yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, tseem ceeb rau ntau yam kev lag luam (tshuaj, roj refining, metallurgical, zaub mov, vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog thiab ntau lwm yam), yog thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nplai, nws yog siv rau kab rov tav thiab ntsug apparatuses, tso tsheb hlau luam rau khaws cia ntau yam kua, nyob rau hauv ntau yam exchangers thiab twj tso kua mis. Cov kev xav tau siab tshwj xeeb rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv cryogenic thiab cov khoom siv kub qis. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob siv cov khoom siv insulating hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua hom boilers thiab turbines, chimneys, cia tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ntau hom kev sib hloov cua sov. Nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov, qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv, uas suav nrog SNiP. Thermal rwb thaiv tsevcov kav xa dej kom ntseeg tau qhov kev khaws cia ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb tsa ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, nrog rau lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb, txo qhov poob.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Cov rwb thaiv tsev kub yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv ntau tshaj plaws, uas tau pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev lag luam. Ua tsaug rau nws, kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm feem ntau cov khoom uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lossis ib puag ncig tau ua kom ntseeg tau. Muaj qee qhov kev xav tau rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab kev teeb tsa. Lawv tau sau hauv SNiP. Kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov kav dej yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv, txij li kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tshuab nyob ntawm qhov no. Yuav luag txhua qhov kev xav tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Feem ntau, cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov kav xa hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog, vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog thiab cov chaw lag luam. Ib qho zoo ntxiv uas cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov kav dej muaj yog kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob. Muaj peev xwm thiab txheej txheem cov yeeb nkab rwb thaiv tsev txo cov cua sov poob thaum nws hloov los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom mus rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg (piv txwv li, thaum muab cov kev pabcuam dej kub hauv tsev thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv zej zog), uas ua rau txo nqi zog tag nrho.
Cov Kev Xav Tau
Kev txhim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ncaj qha nyob ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj thiab qhov chaw teeb tsa. Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov no suav nrog kub, av noo, mechanical thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam. Txog rau tam sim no, qee qhov kev xav tau tau txais thiab pom zoo, raws li kev suav cov raj xa dej rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev teeb tsa tom ntej. Lawv suav hais tias yog yooj yim, accounting rau lawv yog qhov yooj yim hauv kev tsim cov qauv. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb:
- kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig;
- hluav taws kub nyhiab, kev ntseeg tau thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov qauv tsim;
- thermal ua haujlwm.
Cov yam ntxwv uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thermal suav nrog qee qhov ntau ntawm lub cev. Cov no yog thermal conductivity, compressibility, elasticity, ceev, kev co kuj. Qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug yog flammability, tsis kam mus rau aggressive yam, lub thickness ntawm pipeline rwb thaiv tsev thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam tsis.
Thermal conductivity ntawm cov khoom
Cov coefficient ntawm thermal conductivity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev yog txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Raws li nws tus nqi, qhov xav tau thickness ntawm cov khoom siv yav tom ntej yog xam. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm cov load uas yuav raug exerted los ntawm sab ntawm lub tshav kub insulator ntawm cov khoom. Thaum xam tus nqi ntawm cov coefficient, tag nrho cov txheej txheem cuam tshuamnws ncaj qha cuam tshuam. Qhov kawg tus nqi cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom, txoj kev uas nws yog nteg, lub thickness yuav tsum tau mus cuag lub siab tshaj plaws nyhuv. Nws kuj yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv tus account qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, degree ntawm deformation nyob rau hauv ib tug muab load, tso cai load uas cov khoom yuav ntxiv rau insulated qauv, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Lub neej
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem thermal rwb thaiv tsev sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm ntau yam cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws. Cov no, tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum suav nrog qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom thiab cov huab cua puag ncig, qhov muaj / tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov qauv hluav taws xob. Cov yam ntxwv no, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov qauv. Ib txheej txheej tshwj xeeb ntxiv pab txhawm rau txhim kho lub neej kev pab cuam, uas txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws kub
Cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws raug txhais rau txhua qhov kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, rau cov pa roj, petrochemical, tshuaj industries, kev siv cov hluav taws xob qeeb los yog cov khoom tsis-combustible raws li ib feem ntawm cov hluav taws kub-insulating lug raug tso cai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xaiv tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm cov khoom xaiv, tab sis kuj los ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws kub. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntau ntxiv yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem ntxiv uas tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
Kev huvCov kev cai huv huv rau cov chaw
Thaum tsim cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab kev huv yuav tsum muaj (piv txwv li, rau kev lag luam tshuaj), qee cov qauv tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau thaj chaw xws li siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis cuam tshuam rau huab cua. Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam rau vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog. Kev rwb thaiv tsev yeeb nkab tau ua raws li cov qauv tsim, thaum ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv.
Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv tiv thaiv
Kev ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thermal muaj ntau yam thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Ntawm no yog cov khoom
kev txiav txim ntawm ob qho tib si imported thiab domestic manufacturers. Cov tuam txhab Lavxias tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv qab no:
- mats, uas yog fiberglass stitched ntawm ob sab, lined nrog ntxhia ntaub plaub los yog kraft ntawv;
- cov khoom siv ntxhia wool raws li cov qauv corrugated (nws yog siv rau kev lag luam rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov kav dej);
- hluavtaws-raws li ntxhia wool boards;
- khoom raws li iav staple hluavtaws fibers.
Cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws yog: JSC "Termosteps", Nazarovsky ZTI, "Mineralnaya wool" (CJSC), JSC "URSA-Eurasia".
Cov khoom tsim tawm txawv teb chaws
Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws kuj tau sawv cev ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub. Ntawm lawv sawv tawm: "Partek", "Rockwool" (Denmark), "Paroc" (Finland), "Izomat" (Slovakia), "Saint-Gobain Izover" (Finland). Txhua yam ntawm lawv tshwj xeeb hauv ntau hom thiab kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv kub-insulating. Feem ntau yog cov mats, lub tog raj kheej thiab cov slabs, uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau lossis coated ntawm ib sab (xws li aluminium ntawv ci).
khoom siv roj hmab thiab ua npuas ncauj
Polyurethane filling ua npuas ncauj tau txais kev faib khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub-insulating. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ob hom: nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv pobzeb thiab tshuaj tsuag, nws yog siv tsuas yog rau kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qis kub ntau lawm. Nws tus tsim tawm yog Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Synthetic Resins (hauv Vladimir), thiab nws cov chaw muag khoom, Izolan CJSC. Pipeline rwb thaiv tsev kuj yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Hauv qhov no, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ambient kub yog raug tiv thaiv. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog L'ISOLANTE K-FLEX thiab Armacell. Xws li thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo li cov raj (cylinders) los yog phaj thiab cov khoom siv.
