Lub thawv xa khoom cuam tshuam nrog dab tsi? Rau cov neeg feem coob, qhov kev xav xav tau, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qee yam kev tsim kho qias neeg hloov lub tsev, nyob rau hauv uas chaos thiab teeb meem kav. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no, ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm architects thiab cov neeg tsim qauv, lub tsev ntim khoom yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev loj no yuav raug nqi ntau dua li kev tsim kho lub thawv uas tsis muaj zog ntxiv.
A trip to history
Tsis paub tias leej twg yog tus sau lub tswv yim thiab tus pioneer. Tab sis qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov thawv dej hiav txwv yog vim yog tus kws kos duab Asmeskas Adam Culkin. Tus txiv neej no tsim thiab tsim ib lub tsev, lub koob meej uas tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws tsuas yog siv peb lub thawv ntim khoom thauj los siv lub tswv yim. Lub tsev ntawm lawv tau hloov mus ua ib qho amazing zoo nkauj thiab qub. Kalkin qhov kev sim muaj tswv yim tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav, tab sis tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem nrog kev xav loj heev. Lub tswv yim tau khaws los ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab thoob ntiaj teb.
Thaum pib, cov tsev ntim khoom tau xav tau hauv Asmeskas thaj chaw uas feem ntau raug cua daj cua dub tawg. Cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tsoo lub ntug dej hiav txwv thiab tsoo tib neeg lub tsev zoo li lub tsev ntawm daim npav. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg yuav tsum tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm vaj tse sai sai. Kev tsim lub tsev ntim khoom yog qhov teeb meem ntawm ib lub lim tiam, thaum tsim lub tsev ib txwm siv tau yuav luag ntau xyoo.
Hnub no, ntau tus neeg nyiam lub tsev ntim khoom tsis yog vim li cas ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tab sis tseem hais txog lawv tus kheej tus kheej, ua rau lawv cov phooj ywg thiab cov npoj yaig xav tsis thoob. Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov kev lag luam no nyob deb ntawm kev qaug zog: qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshiab ntawm kev ua lag luam txhawb cov kws tsim vaj tsev los tsim cov haujlwm ntau dua thiab ntau dua.
qauv tsim qauv rau lub tsev ntim khoom
Ntim, tau kawg, tau koom ua ke thiab tsim khoom raws li cov qauv kev lag luam tib yam. Lawv yog me me (20 ko taw, muaj peev xwm 11 pallets), nruab nrab (40 ko taw, 25 lossis 30 pallets nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho) thiab loj (45 ko taw, muaj peev xwm 33 pallets). Thaum tsim ib qhov project, ntim qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog muab rau hauv tus account.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm peb lub caij ntuj no, lub tsev zoo li no yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Qhov no ua rau txo qis hauv thaj chaw siv tau: cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav siv li 0.2 m ib sab. Tab sis lub qab nthab kuj insulated nrogpem teb. Qhov no tseem yuav ua rau cov nqi ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim kho tau raug nqi thiab tsim nyog.
Koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo dua qub los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau qhov thaiv rau ib leeg. Cov phab ntsa ua ke yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev faib sab hauv. Lawv yuav tsum tau txiav ib lub qhov rau lub qhov rooj. Ib lub tsev uas ua los ntawm cov thawv ntim rau hauv txoj kev no yuav zoo heev. Lwm cov txheej txheem yog qhov sib nrug ntawm cov ntim ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb, uas tau muab rau hauv qab chav nyob. Qhov chaw no yog glazed, thiab tau txais chav panoramic.
Raws li txoj cai, ob chav pw tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv, thiab lwm qhov muab rau chav dej (chaw noj mov, chav dej, chav da dej). Feem ntau cov thawv ntim tau npog los ntawm ib lub ru tsev.
Rau ib tsev neeg loj, ob lub thawv yuav pom tseeb tsis txaus. Yog li ntawd, koj tsis tuaj yeem txwv rau ob peb blocks xwb thiab siv 4 lossis ntau dua. Feem ntau cov thawv ntim tau muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm ib puag ncig los tsim ib lub patio. Qhov chaw zoo li no yuav yog qhov chaw zoo rau tsev neeg kev ua koob tsheej thiab cov xwm txheej.
Qee lub sij hawm tus qauv tsim vaj tsev suav nrog lub iav dome hla lub tsev. Qhov no yog ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab tib lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv los nag.
Nws tso cai rau nruab cov thawv hauv ntau qib. Yog li, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev nrog ob peb plag tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thawv ntim qis tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog stiffeners: lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom hnyav. Tab sis yog tias tus qauv tsim ntawm lub thawv qis tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb (cov hlau loj tau txiav tawm, cov kev txhawb nqa tsis muaj zog), ces rauKev ruaj ntseg yuav xav tau kev txawj ntse thiab kev suav lej engineering.
Interior finishes
Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj nrov tshaj plaws yog cov ntaub hauv ob sab phlu thiab cov phab ntsa ntub dej. Lub tsev los ntawm cov thawv hauv daim duab yog sheathed nrog clapboard. Saib stylish, ruaj thiab kim. Nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob tsim txom cov ntxoov ntxoo tsaus nti hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj: qhov ntev ntawm cov chav twb me me, thiab chav yuav zoo li me dua.
Ib qho txheej txheem yog dai phab ntsa nrog iav loj. Lawv nthuav dav heev.
Txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tsim thiab kev tsim kho
Qhov project tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si hauv theem pib yooj yim (piv txwv li, thaum tsim lub tsev los ntawm lub thawv nrog koj tus kheej tes), thiab nyuaj heev thiab loj (cov tsev ntau tsev nrog txhua qhov kev sib txuas lus tsim nyog). Hauv qhov thib ob, kev koom tes ntawm cov koom haum tsim qauv thiab ntau qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua.
Qhov zoo ntawm Lub Tsev Thawv Tsev
Lub tsev los ntawm cov blocks (cov thawv) tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo heev. Thaum tsis muaj lub qhov rais loj-iav, koj tuaj yeem pov tseg qhov kev ntshai uas cov neeg txawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tsev. Yog li, lub tsev ntim khoom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg.
Tsim lub tsev pheej yig. Cov thawv ntim khoom siv tau tuaj yeem yuav rauib qho me me. Yog tias koj siv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev ua haujlwm tiav (ntau cov ntaub plaub, plywood), ces koj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev siv nyiaj tsawg heev. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb.
Lub thawv tsis xav tau lub hauv paus peev. Tab sis qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nyiaj hauv kev tsim vaj tsev. Nws yog txaus rau nruab plaub hlau txhawb los yog tsuas yog muab cinder blocks.
Kev tsim lub tsev zoo li no yuav tsis ncua. Txhua txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej yog tias tus neeg tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab sib tsoo thiab lub tshuab vuam.
Lub thawv muaj cov npoo loj txaus ntawm kev nyab xeeb, yog li nws yuav ua lub tsev ruaj khov thiab chaw nyob los ntawm huab cua phem rau ntau xyoo.
Heating system
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas tsis tau muab roj rau ntawm qhov chaw, chav tsev yog cua sov los ntawm lub qhov cub zoo tib yam ntawm cov thee lossis ntoo. Nws yog ntshaw kom thauj khoom ntawm cov roj mus rau hauv lub cub tawg yog nqa tawm los ntawm sab nraud. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev daws teeb meem no, chav tsev yuav tsis haus luam yeeb. Nrog roj, nws yooj yim dua thiab siv tau ntau dua - lub boiler tau teeb tsa uas tso cai rau koj tswj qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav thiab ua kom nws zoo.
Technology of construction works
Kev tsim vaj tsev los ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom yog qhov yooj yim thiab muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no: kev tu lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntim khoom thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev teeb tsa tiag tiag ntawm cov blocks, tso hluav taws xob sib txuas, txhim kho cov kav dej phwj tuaj thiab, thaum kawg, cov kauj ruam kawg. - kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv.
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov thawv
Ua ntej kev tsim kho pib,Cov thawv ntim tau zoo huv si ntawm cov av thiab xeb los ntawm sandblasting. Tom qab ntxuav, qhov saum npoo yog kho nrog kev daws ntawm orthophosphoric acid thiab, tom qab ua tiav ziab, nws yog primed. Qhov no muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Cov kauj ruam no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim tias lub thawv yuav raug cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw nruj heev.
Kev txhim kho cov blocks
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub hauv paus, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov blocks tsuas yog tso cai tom qab 22 hnub tom qab nws tau nchuav lawm. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tiv nrog xws li ib tug txoj hauj lwm tsis muaj ib tug crane. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, cov thawv ntim tau welded ua ke. Tom qab ntawd, nrog lub teeb taws, lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib tau raug txiav tawm, rau hauv qhov rais uas muaj ob-glazed.
Ib tus neeg tsim khoom tau sib sau los ntawm cov thawv dej hiav txwv. Qhov project thiab daim duab ntawm lub tsev tab tom pib los ua lub neej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem muab pub dawb rau koj lub tswv yim thiab txhim kho cov blocks raws li koj xav tau: ob lossis peb lub plag tsev, ntawm lub kaum sab xis, ntawm txhua yam kev txhawb nqa. Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ntawm koj tus kheej, nws yog qhov zoo dua los txwv koj tus kheej mus rau ib lub tsev. Txwv tsis pub, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv, thiab nws nyuaj heev los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej.
Kev sib txuas lus
Tom qab sib sau ua ke lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej, nws yog lub sijhawm los ua cov xaim hluav taws xob, cov kav dej thiab, tej zaum, dej. Koj yuav tsum xub kos thiab txiav qhov rau cov kav dej thiab cov cables nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Kev ua cov haujlwm no yog tswj hwm nruj thiab tswj xyuas. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso siab rau cov haujlwm no rau pab pawg kws tshaj lij.
tooj liab xov hlau zoo dua li cov xov hlau txhuas, thiab yog li kev nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau lawv. Tooj, tsis zoo li txhuas, tsis oxidize hauv huab cua thiab ntau duayas, uas txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, tooj liab hlau tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob ntau yam tsis muaj cua sov.
Cov txheej txheem yog raws li hauv qab no: daim duab schematic tau tsim thiab npaj, qhov chaw tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau mounting lub switchboard yog qhia, phab ntsa thiab qab nthab yog cim, thaiv yog nteg, sockets yog ntsia, switchboard yog ntsia, thiab lub kaw lus tau sim.
Internal thiab sab nrauv tiav, rwb thaiv tsev
Nws kuj yog qhov zoo dua los tso siab rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm thaj chaw rau cov kws tshaj lij. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tsis muaj kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm li no.
Gypsum board yog feem ntau siv vim nws pheej yig dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws raug tso cai rau insulate cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv parallel thiab fasten nplooj ntawv ntawm drywall. Qhov no yog li cas lub sij hawm yeej. Sab hauv partitions kuj yog ua los ntawm drywall raws li lub layout ntawm chav tsev. Txawm hais tias ntau thiab ntau cov ntawv hlau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau phab ntsa.
Lub teeb tsom teeb feem ntau tau teeb tsa hauv cov ntawv ntsa qhuav. Qhov no muab tus cwj pwm rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsev.
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv thaum ua tiav cov phab ntsa plasterboard thiab qab nthab: tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm fastening yog siv. Txawm li cas los xij, stretch ceilings feem ntau mounted. Vim qhov siab qis ntawm lub thawv, ntau theem qab nthab tsis pom zoo.
Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, polystyrene ua npuas ncauj lossis ntxhia wool yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev. Cov paj rwb poob nws lub peev xwm los khaws cov cua sov tom qab 10 xyookev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nws cov kev siv yog undesirable thiab yog tso cai tsuas yog hais tias cov nyiaj txiag txwv. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj tshaj rau paj rwb ntaub plaub: lub neej kev pab cuam yog tsawg kawg yog 20 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov installation yog yooj yim dua. Thermal rwb thaiv tsev zaum ntawm cov nplaum rau sab hauv hlau ntawm lub thawv. Cov rwb thaiv tsev yog npog nrog ib zaj duab xis polyethylene uas ua raws li vapor barrier.
Cov khoom siv sab nrauv yog sab nrauv, plaster, yas panels, pob zeb (natural lossis dag) thiab thaiv tsev.
Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov yas, thaiv tsev thiab sab hauv, xav tau ib lub crate ntoo. Ntoo ntawm lattice yog impregnated nrog stain los yog pleev xim rau cov kua roj vanish. Yog li nws yuav tsis rot. Hniav plaster yog siv rau saum npoo nrog spatula, tab sis marble slabs yuav tsum tau glued nrog tshwj xeeb kua nplaum.
Cov duab thiab tsim cov thawv tsev yog qhov zoo heev. Muaj lub siab xav nqa thiab tsim lub tsev zoo li no rau koj tus kheej, txhawm rau kom lub caij ntuj no nyob deb ntawm qhov cub.
