Thaum xaiv lub tsev tsim, tib neeg tau ntsib ntau lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev mus rau hauv av. Lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem suav hais tias ua tiav rau kev tsim kho sab nraum lub nroog. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no kuj tsim nyog rau kev nyob ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv tsos, xws li ib lub tsev zoo li ib daim duab peb sab thiab yog ib tug ncej ntawm thav duab. Ib qho tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsis muaj phab ntsa. Lub ru tsev muaj cov qauv gable thiab pib los ntawm lub hauv paus lossis los ntawm lub plinth.
Tsev layout nta
Yog xav ua ib lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev mus rau hauv av, koj yuav tsum xam qhov layout. Cov qauv ntawm lub tsev yuav muaj cov duab tsim nyog thiab ob lub facades. Tsis muaj cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev zoo li no, thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm yog ua los ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub ru tsev. Lub tsev muaj ib lub thav duab, uas ua raws li lub hauv paus; nws yog tsim los ntawm thav duab ntawm cov duab tsim nyog. Lub ru tsev daim duab peb sab nqes mus rau hauv lub hauv paus.
Qeetej yaam num muab rau lwm yam kev daws teeb meem; nyob rau hauv lawv, lub ru tsev tsis yog los ntawm hauv av nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm hauv qab daus. Nyob ntawm qhov project, lub tsev yuav muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab txawm tias lub sam thiaj. Cov kab muaj ib qho los ntawm kev tso kawm thiab tso cai rau koj rationally npaj lub zog ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau ob sab ntawm lub vaj. Qhov kev npaj no muab qhov txias txias ntxiv rau lub caij ntuj sov vim yog cua ntsawj ntshab.
khoom
ru tsev-rau-hauv av yog yooj yim sib sau ua ke, yog li cov tswv av tuaj yeem siv ntau yam haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Kev tsim kho tuaj yeem siv tau:
- bar;
- lining;
- ntoo shields.
Feem ntau, lub rooj tsavxwm qhuav kuj siv. Qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev rau hauv av ua los ntawm cov ntoo tsis yog li ntawd. Yuav kom txuag tau qhov chaw siv tau, cov kav dej chimney thiab cov kav dej chimney raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tsev. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, vim tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cua sov yuav tawm mus sab nraud.
Tsim ib qhov project
tsev tsev muaj ntau yam zoo. Cov tsev zoo li no muaj qhov yooj yim installation. Rau kev tsim kho, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib sau ua ke lub tsev modular. Cov qauv ncej kuj tuaj yeem yog lub hauv paus. Lub tsev tsis muaj phab ntsa, yog li nws tsis siv sijhawm ntau los tsim nws. Masonry ua haujlwm yuav tsis tas yuav ua. Kev yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa txiav txim siab tus nqi qis ntawm cov tsev zoo li no. Qhov kwv yees yuav tsis suav nrog tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm masonry. Koj tsis tas yuav tshuaj rau lawv thiab.
Tus tsim tsis muab rau lub hauv paus hnyav hnyav, qhov no tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tsim kho. Ib lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev rau hauv av yuav txuag tau qhov chaw dawb ntawm ib qho chaw me me. Koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev zoo li no ntawm 6 daim av, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem siv rau qhov chaw nyob ib ntus.
Lub tsev muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab, uas muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo, uas yog ib qho ntxiv yog tias cov qoob loo nyiam cog rau hauv av. Lub ru tsev gable yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog tias kev tsim kho tau ua nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua ntub, qhov twg nws los nag ntev rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab lub caij ntuj no yog nrog los ntawm cov daus loj. Lub ru tsev muaj qhov chaw qis, uas yuav tiv thaiv lub hauv paus thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub tsev kom tsis txhob ntub thiab puas tsuaj ntxiv.
Txoj kev tsim ib qhov project
Kev ua yuam kev uas tuaj yeem ua tau thaum lub sijhawm tsim qauv yuav nyuaj heev los kho, qee qhov ua tsis tau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo xaiv cov qauv tsim ntawm lub tsev, nws qhov ntev thiab tsim kom muaj ib txoj kev npaj ntawm thaj chaw. Thaum xaiv qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho, nws yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov nroj tsuag uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw. Lub tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog ntoo lossis muab ntxoov ntxoo rau cog.
qauv qhov project yuav suav nrog qee hom haujlwm. Hauv thawj theem, nws yuav tsim nyog los ua lub hauv paus, tom qab ntawd ib lub thav duab yog tsim thiab muab faib ua ke. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav yog kev tsim kho lub ru tsev thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho qhov rais. Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem ua kev tsim cov ntaiv thiab ua haujlwm rauqhov rooj. Tom qab hauv pem teb yog tsim thiab rwb thaiv tsev yog nqa tawm, nrog rau kev ua tiav.
Kaw kom pom qhov project
Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev tsev pheeb suab, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias vim qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm txoj kab nqes, lub tsev yuav raug deprived ntawm ntau qhov chaw sab hauv. Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom, yog li ntawd, muab cov tsev qis qis thiab dav dav hauv bungalow txhawm rau txo qhov kev poob qis. Nyob rau theem tsim, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov proportions, tsom rau qhov kev xaiv, uas muaj ob daim duab peb sab ntawm cov duab raug. Cov duab hauv qhov no yuav muaj qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg, xws li: 30, 90 thiab 60. Yog tias lub kaum sab xis ua kom sib npaug li 28 ˚, tus neeg siab tsuas tuaj yeem sawv ib 'meter' ntawm qhov chaw inclined.
Qhov chaw nyob hauv qab qhov nqes hav tuaj yeem muab faib los ntawm kev faib thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov no ntawm lub tsev xauv thiab pantries khaws khoom. Yog tias koj npaj yuav nyob hauv tsev txhua xyoo puag ncig, ces cov phab ntsa rau ntsug zoning yuav tsum tau insulated. Thaum tsim lub tsev tsev pheeb suab, koj yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev. Rau qhov no, cov pobzeb hlau lossis corrugated board feem ntau yog siv. Cov coatings no muaj ib tug du nto, yog li cov daus load yuav tsawg heev. Cov dej nag yuav tsis nyob ntawm lub ru tsev. Lawv yuav txav mus rau qhov tob tob. Tsim ib lub tsev rau qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chaw hauv roob lossis cov chaw uas muaj daus daus.
lub ru tsev siab tuaj yeem ua rau cua tshuab, vim qhov no lub tsev yuav raug cua loads. Thaum xaiv qhov chaw rau kev tsim khocua rose yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha thiab ua kom zoo thav duab strapping.
Tsim lub hauv paus
Kev tsim lub tsev A-shaped pib nrog kev tsim lub hauv paus. Qhov chaw xaiv yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, pob zeb thiab stumps. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug qaum thiab pegs, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kos lub hauv paus axes nrog lub hauv paus. Raws li txoj kev npaj, ib lub trench yog khawb. Nws qhov loj me yuav tsum me ntsis loj dua qhov tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov project.
Ib txaj xuab zeb thiab pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Pob zeb tau muab tso rau hauv, thiab xuab zeb yog nchuav rau saum. Nws cov cim saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv qab kab kos. Cov txheej ntawm cov khoom yog zoo compacted. Shields yuav tsum tau ntsia raws lub trench rau ntxiv pouring. Sab saum toj ntawm cov qauv no yog txuas nrog cov laug cam. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 0.3 m yuav tsum tau tsim ntawm phab ntsa.
txheej tom ntej yog pob zeb tawg. Rau thawj kab, loj cobblestones yog siv. Lawv muab tso rau qhuav thiab rammed. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem sau nrog rubble pob zeb. Rau qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv M100 hom. Cov kab tom ntej no tau tsim ua ib txoj hauv kev uas cov pob zeb tau me ntsis poob rau hauv mortar.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Thaum tsim lub tsev A-shaped, cov haujlwm zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua, tsom rau lub cim 0, 230. Ua ntej txo cov hlau pins rau hauv cov tshuaj, cov cim yuav tsum tau siv rau lawv kom qhia qhov indent ntawm qhov sib npaug. thiab puag axes. Cov ntu no yog 2.5 cm. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas yuav muaj cov nyiaj qivcov ntsiab lus, siv cov muab tub lim zoo.
Lub hauv paus tiav yuav tsum kho tau 3 hnub. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau moistened tsis tu ncua nrog dej. Tom qab dismantling ntawm lub formwork tiav, lub resulting voids yog sau nrog xuab zeb. Lub qhov muag tsis pom qhov dav yuav tsum yog 0.7 m dav raws li ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev, qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim ntawm lub qhov muag tsis pom kev muaj txheej ntawm xuab zeb thiab gravel, nrog rau pob zeb thiab asph alt pavement. Nws yog ntshaw kom muab cov npog ntawm qhov muag tsis pom ntawm qhov chaw me ntsis kom cov dej nag ntws los. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj yuav tshem tawm qhov ntub dej ntawm lub hauv paus, uas yuav npaj tau ntev dua.
Tsim tus ncej
Tsim ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab, nyob rau theem tom ntej koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug ncej ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ntoo. Cov khoom yog pom zoo kom tiv thaiv los ntawm noo noo. Qhov no siv rau cov ntsiab lus uas nyob hauv av. Lawv raug kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab npog nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej. Koj tuaj yeem siv lub vov tsev.
Cov ntsiab lus saum lub hauv paus yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov kab hauv cov txheej tiv thaiv. Tom qab lawv tau ntim nrog kub bitumen. Nws yog tsim nyog los mount load-bearing girders ntawm lub waterproofing. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm thaum tsim cov thav duab ntawm lub tsev, qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau muab faib ua ntau theem. Rafter ob txhais ceg yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv av, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub configuration ntawm lub ru tsev. Qhov kawg ntawm cov kab teeb yog txuas nrog ridges overlays. Lawv raug ntes nrog M10 bolts.
Tom qab kuaj xyuas qhov ntev ntawm qhov dawb kawg, cov kab teeb hauv pem teb yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau qhov xav tautxoj hauj lwm. Tom qab ntawd cov bolts ntawm lub rooj sib dhos yog nruj nruj. Thaum tsim lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev gable rau hauv av, thaum sib sau ua ke cov rafters, koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib hom kev swb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsom rau thawj qhov chaw nruab. Nyob rau theem no, tus qauv yog tsau rau ntawm lub tiaj tiaj nrog pegs. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhab nia kom tag nrho cov khoom tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yav tom ntej. Hauv nws qhov chaw yog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no. Lawv sib sau ua ke tib yam.
Txoj kev tsim kho
Thaum thawj theem, nws yuav tsim nyog rau nruab cov rafters huab, uas yuav ua ib feem ntawm pediment ntawm facades. Siv ib txoj kab kav dej, koj yuav tsum xyuas qhov ntsug. Nrog kev pab los ntawm props, rafters yog tsau. Lub kaum sab xis yog tsau nrog hlau phaj thiab bolts. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib kos lub thav duab fixation cheeb tsam thiab mounting tus ncej nrog rau tes.
Nyob rau theem kawg, cov rafters hauv qab yog ntsia. Thaum ua tiav cov haujlwm saum toj no, cov cua sib txuas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog nyob rau sab sauv ntawm tus ncej. Lawv txuas nrog rau ob txhais ceg rafter. Cov khoom siv ib ntus tshuaj xyuas kom tshem tawm. Tag nrho peb tus ncej ntawm txhua ntug yog txuas nrog tib lub thev naus laus zis.
khoom siv vov tsev
Daim ntawv slate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv vov tsev. Nws installation pib nrog lub installation ntawm lub crate. Rau qhov no, tuav nrog ib qho nruab nrab seem yog siv, uas yog mounted ntawm lub rafters. Cov khoom no tau nruab nrognyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm 0.5 m. Cov tuav tau tso tawm sab nraum cov thav ntawv raws ntug ntawm 50 cm.
Rooferoid yuav tsum tau kis thoob plaws lub crate, lub slate yuav tsum tau muab tso thiab tsau nrog rau tes. Hauv qhov no, cov roj hmab gasket yog siv. Lub slate yog tsis yooj yim sua thiab yuav puas thaum lub sij hawm installation. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm sab saud. Cov nplooj ntawv yuav sib tshooj ib leeg, tsis suav nrog qhov nkag ntawm cov dej noo hauv qab lub ru tsev. Tus nees xav tau kev tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov sawb ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev uas yog ua ntej khoov.
Tsim thiab layout
Yog tias koj xav tsim ib lub tsev ob-storey nrog lub ru tsev rau hauv av, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov chav yuav yog qhov tsis zoo rau koj. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua si nrog tus thawj layout hauv txoj kev nthuav. Ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis lees txais cov qauv zoning. Qhov chaw yuav dav dua. Ib lub tswv yim zoo rau chav ua noj yuav yog siv cov rooj tog zoo li txawv txawv es tsis txhob siv chav ua noj. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kev txiav txim. Cov rooj tog zaum yuav raug tso tseg, vim nws tsuas yog clutters qhov chaw.
Kho cov ntsiab lus thiab embellishments yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem hnyav qhov chaw me me. Thaum ua tiav thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntaub ntawv ntuj, xws li ntoo. Los ntawm kev xaiv lub ru tsev-rau-hauv av layout, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw hauv qab ntaiv. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem npaj qhib lossis kaw cov txee rau khaws cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj.
Qhov chaw nyob hauv qab lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob kuj yog siv ntau heevqhov chaw khaws khoom. Thaum tso tseg cov partitions nyob rau hauv pem teb, koj muaj peev xwm zoned qhov chaw nrog kev pab los ntawm ntaiv. Thaum xaiv ib lub tsev project nrog lub ru tsev mus rau hauv av, xyuam xim rau cov kev xaiv nrog extensions. Qhov no tso cai rau koj ua kom qhov chaw sab hauv kom dav. Hauv pem teb thib ob tuaj yeem siv ua lub tsev pheeb suab uas yuav khaws cov khoom.
project ua haujlwm thiab qhov ntev
Thaum xaiv qhov ntev ntawm lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev rau hauv av, koj tuaj yeem them sai sai rau qhov project nrog qhov ntev hauv qab no: 5 x 7 m. Qhov no, lub hauv paus sawb yuav ua lub hauv paus. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke - kab xev-kem. Kev them nyiaj yug nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ntsia nyob rau hauv lub veranda thiab load-bearing khiav.
Ib lub trench yog khawb raws ib puag ncig, cov phab ntsa ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab gravel cushion thiab npog nrog daim ntawv formwork. Cov nplooj ntawv yuav tsum nce 30 cm saum toj no hauv av, kev txhawb nqa yog ntsia los ntawm sab nraud. Tom qab lub hauv paus tau qhuav, cov sab raug tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tsim thaj chaw dig muag.
Thaum txhim kho tus ncej, cov khoom siv vov tsev yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws yog pw, slots yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj, tom qab uas cov hlau ntsiab yog punched rau hauv lawv thiab sau nrog bitumen. Load-bearing girders yog pw rau saum lub rwb thaiv tsev. Lathing cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau saum cov rafters txhawb nqa. Lawv qhov ntev yuav tsum ntau tshaj qhov dav ntawm txoj kab nqes los ntawm 1 m.
