Ntau tus kws tshuaj hais tias kev siv tooj liab yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv chav kuaj, vim tias cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ntau cov kua qaub uas muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum muaj xwm txheej thaum cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua sai sai. Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav tham txog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los khaws tooj liab hauv tsev, nrog rau lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Kev nyab xeeb
pib nrog, Kuv xav hais ob peb lo lus hais txog qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cas kom ua raws li cov cai kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm nrog tshuaj. Txawm tias tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tsis txhob saib tsis xyuas lawv, vim qhov yuam kev me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Nov yog cov npe ntawm cov cai ua raws li thaum pickling tooj liab nrog acids:
- txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj cua zoo;
- thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws yog qhov tsim nyogsiv hnab looj tes tiv thaiv thiab tsom iav;
- Koj yuav tsum muaj ntaub so ntswg thiab dej huv ntawm tes;
- yog tias cov reagent tuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim;
- yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog koj cov kev suav, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis ua cov txheej txheem txhua.
Yog tias nws tshwm sim tias cov kua qaub tau txais ntawm koj txhais tes, ces muab koj tus kheej pab thawj zaug los ntawm kev kho thaj chaw cuam tshuam nrog dej - qhov no cuam tshuam cov nyhuv ntawm cov kua qaub, tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob kom pab., tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias daim tawv nqaij npog nrog cov xim liab.
Etching nrog ferric chloride
Muaj ntau ntau cov kev daws teeb meem tooj liab uas tsim nyog siv hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, uas paub rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm, yog cov tshuaj ferric chloride. Nov yog ib daim ntawv teev cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no tshaj lwm tus:
- Kev nrawm nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tus kws kho mob tshiab;
- tsuas yog ib lub ntsiab yog yuav tsum tau rau etching - hlau chloride;
- tus nqi ntawm ferric chloride hauv cov tshuaj tsis cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm etching;
- koj tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias ferric chloride yog kim heev, thiab koj tuaj yeem yuav nws rau feem ntau ntawm cov khw muag khoom dub xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tswj kom tau txais cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, ces koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim yam tsis muaj kev ntshai rau qhov tsis muaj kev paub lossiskev paub.
tooj liab sulfate thiab ntsev
Txheej tooj liab nrog xiav vitriol yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los muab tooj liab rau qhov zoo nkauj. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov tshuaj nquag ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse ntawm tus nqi qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov seem ntawm tooj liab sulphate yog yuav luag muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no kuj muaj cov npe dav dav ntawm qhov tsis zoo:
- yog siv tsis raug, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg;
- nrog kev siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cov reagent, tooj liab yuav dhau los ua hmoov;
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov kua.
Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub qhov tseeb tias, tsis zoo li ferric chloride, tooj liab sulfate tau yooj yim tshem tawm nrog acetic acid los ntawm tej rooj tog lossis khaub ncaws. Yog li koj tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev tau txais koj lub tsho tshiab qias neeg thaum lub sij hawm etching, vim nws yooj yim los ntxuav.
Etching nrog persulfates
Ammonium persulfate yog cov tshuaj reagent uas muaj npe nrov uas zoo li ntau lub rooj ntsev thiab tuaj yeem siv los khaws tooj liab. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim ntawd nws tsim nyog hais tias tom qab cov txheej txheem zoo li no, cov plaque tshwj xeeb yuav nyob twj ywm ntawm cov hlau, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm manually. Zoo, daim ntawv teev cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo li no:
- ammonium persulfate yog qhov tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov khaub ncaws sab hauv;
- ib qho txaus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua tiavlub ntsiab tseem ceeb;
- tus nqi tshuaj lom neeg ntau heev.
Txawm hais tias ib qho lus qhia tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau hais txog thawj lub ntsiab lus. Cov reagent tsis muaj teeb meem tsuas yog tias nws tau txais ntawm cov khaub ncaws lossis ib qho khoom me me. Hauv ntim loj, nws tuaj yeem hlawv los ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab txawm tias nqaij.
Hydrochloric acid thiab hydrogen peroxide
Tej zaum txoj kev siv nyiaj ntau tshaj los ua qhov kev sim hauv tsev. Etching tooj liab nrog hydrogen peroxide thiab hydrochloric acid yog raws nraim li tus pib yuav tsum pib nrog, vim peroxide tuaj yeem yuav ntawm txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj, thiab hydrochloric acid tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim nrog roj teeb electrolyte. Tsis tas li ntawd, thov tsis txhob sau npe ntawm cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev teev tseg;
- kev tshwm sim tau zoo heev ntawm chav sov li qub;
- tsis tso cov khoom seem ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov ntaub lossis tawv nqaij.
Raws li qhov tsis zoo, tsuas yog ib qho xwb - qhov muaj zog ntawm hydrochloric acid tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus kws sim tsis quav ntsej cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev npaj cov tshuaj ua ntej pib txheej txheem etching.
Citric acid thiab hydrogen peroxide
Etching tooj liab nrog citric acid kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev paub zoo uas yuav tsis ua rau tus neeg muaj kev phom sij yog tias tsis saib xyuas cov tshuaj reagents. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb nrog ntau dhau ntawm citric acid. Zoo, cov npe ntawm qhov zoo zoo li qhov no:
- thaum siv kom raug, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ceev heev;
- tus nqi qis ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - reagents yuav raug nqi 30 rubles;
- kev daws tsis tas yuav muaj cua sov ntxiv.
Tsis tas li, tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov muaj ntawm txhua yam tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, citric acid tuaj yeem yuav ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom loj, thiab hydrogen peroxide yog muag yam tsis muaj ntawv tso cai ntawm txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj hauv koj lub nroog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev daws teeb meem no muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg, yog tias koj tsis suav nrog kev sib cuag nrog lub qhov muag.
Npaj cov kev daws hauv tsev
Yog li, tom qab ua tib zoo ntsuas tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws etching thiab npaj cov tshuaj rau kev sim. Ib zaug ntxiv, peb kos koj cov xim rau kev ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj kev sim tshuaj. Txawm hais tias koj muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tuav cov tshuaj reagents, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg koj tus kheej kev nyab xeeb, vim qhov no tuaj yeem xaus rau tu siab heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntxiv ntau reagents rau cov kev daws teeb meem tshaj li pom zoo, vim hais tias qhov no yuav tsis tau tsuas yog ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov khoom kim heev tooj liab. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau qhov no lossis qhov kev daws teeb meem hauv tsev, koj yuav pom hauv ntu hauv qab no.
Npaj cov tshuaj ferric chloride
Yog li, txhawm rau ua kom daws tau, koj yuav tsum xub tau txais lub khob huv huv. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov hlau enameled txawm tias me ntsis khawb ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua rau cov ferric chloride hnov mob nrog cov tais diav. Hauv qab ntawm lub thawv peb tso me me ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Peb ceeb toom rau koj tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov hnab looj tes, vim tias kev sib cuag ntawm ferric chloride ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij puas tsuaj.
Ua tib zoo muab cov tooj liab tso rau ntawm cov hlau thiab ua kom tag nrho cov dej. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kaw cov tais diav nrog lub hau yas lossis lub hnab yas. Peb tawm hauv lub thawv pickling nyob qhov twg, txij li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis nyob ntawm seb lub hnub ci lossis huab cua kub npaum li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso lub tais ntawm ferric chloride ze ntawm cov zaub mov lossis lub rooj noj mov. Tau kawg, nws raug pom zoo kom cia nws deb ntawm menyuam yaus.
Npaj cov tshuaj ntawm tooj liab sulfate
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab xaiv tooj liab siv tooj liab sulfate, tom qab ntawd rau qhov no koj yuav xav tau tsis yog cov tshuaj nquag, tab sis kuj tseem siv tau ntsev zoo tib yam, nrog rau dej thiab lub thawv. Tag nrho cov Cheebtsam yuav tsum tau tov nrog ib tug sib tov nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 1 kom txog rau thaum ib tug sib xws sib xws, thiab cov ntsev yog tag yaj nyob rau hauv dej. tooj liab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub nkoj qhib rau ob peb teev kom txog thaum nws tau txais tus yam ntxwv luster.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias tooj liab sulphate vapors tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg mob heev, yog li ntawd, thaum etching tooj liab, kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeebnyob rau hauv tsis muaj xwm txheej nws yuav tsum tsis saib xyuas. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev sim sab nraum zoov lossis hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cua zoo. Tsis tas li, raws li kev ceev faj ntxiv, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub tshuab ua pa uas yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj pa phem nkag mus rau hauv koj lub ntsws.
Npaj cov tshuaj los ntawm persulfate
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nrhiav lub thawv tsim nyog. Nws yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm iav thiab tsis sib sib zog nqus (txawm hais tias lub ntim feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom tooj liab). Ncuav me me hmoov rau hauv lub nkoj, ces sau nrog dej ntws. Sai li sai tau kom ua tiav ib homogeneous sib xws, muab cov khoom tooj liab tso rau hauv cov tais diav thiab kaw nrog lub hau.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, etching ntawm tooj liab nrog persulfates tuaj yeem tso cov nyiaj tso rau ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav tawm. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog nrog hydrogen peroxide thiab hydrochloric acid, sib tov ua ke ua ntej. Rau txhua 100 milliliters ntawm cov kua tshuaj, koj yuav tsum tau muab ob ntsiav tshuaj ntawm hydrochloric acid. Tom qab ntawd, tooj liab ntxiv rau hauv lub thawv thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg rau ob peb teev.
Video thiab xaus
Peb cia siab tias peb tsab xov xwm tau pab koj nkag siab zoo txog kev siv tooj liab hauv tsev. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv muab tsis txaus rau koj lossis koj tseem muaj qee cov lus nug, peb xav kom koj saib cov yeeb yaj kiab luv luv, uas koj tuaj yeem tuaj nrog ntau cov ntaub ntawv theoretical. Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav dhau los nyiam chemistry, ces koj yuav tsum twv yuav raug husaib kom tag.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, electrochemical etching ntawm tooj liab hauv tsev tsis yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub qhov theoretical thiab ua raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb. Qee txoj kev etching yog yooj yim heev uas txawm tias ib tug tub kawm ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab tag nrho cov khoom xyaw tsim nyog los tsim kev daws teeb meem yog muaj rau pej xeem.
