Nab daim tawv nqaij yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam plaub! Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom kim heev: sable, miv, beaver, chinchilla thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv sai sai poob nws cov khoom thiab ua tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub yuav ua li cas ua ib daim tawv nqaij luav. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yug menyuam luav, vim qhov no suav nrog hauv qhov yuav tsum tau yug menyuam rau cov tsiaj no.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, tau txais kev paub dhau los thiab kev txawj ntse, koj tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam raws li kev them nyiaj rau cov neeg xav tau hnav khaub ncaws, tab sis lawv tsuas tsis xav ua. Cov txuj ci kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke yog tias koj yuav tsum tau nrog cov plaub muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm replenishment ntawm ua liaj ua teb nrog nutria. Lossis tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tsiaj uas muaj pluav yuav tau mus yos hav zoov.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Lub tshuab ua haujlwm nrog pluab pib nrogkev npaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cuab yeej. Koj kuj yuav tsum kawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntsig txog.
Sab nrauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog plaub yog hu ua pem hauv ntej, thiab sab hauv muaj lub npe txawv txawv - mezdra. Bakhtarma muab zais hauv qab txheej no.
Nyob rau hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws nws tus kheej, ib tug yuav tsum nkag siab tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hauv cov khoom ib nrab. Hauv qhov no, cov txheej txheem muaj ob peb theem, txhua qhov, dhau los, suav nrog ntau qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- Kev npaj.
- Tiav.
- Tiav.
Yuav ua li cas ua ib daim tawv nqaij luav tom tsev?
Cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv los ntawm cov neeg sab qaum teb. Ua li no, ua ntej cov tawv nqaij qhuav nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab-qhuav. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau nchuav lawv nrog mis nyuj thiab rub lawv nrog koj txhais tes, zoo li tshem tawm cov av ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab raug tshem tawm tib lub sijhawm.
Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua yog siv cov bass thiab ntim khoom uas nws yooj yim rau soak cov ntaub ntawv raw. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav xav tau lwm yam cuab yeej:
- tshuaj;
- riam;
- txoj cai hauv daim ntawv "A";
- sandpaper lossis tshwj xeeb scraper;
- gypsum lossis chalk hmoov.
Tab sis ua ntej peb rhuav tshem tag nrho me ntsis, nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib thawj (kev npaj) cov kauj ruam.
Yuav ua li cas tshem daim tawv nqaij
Txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws nws tus kheej tsis yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua yuav tsum muaj ntawm no. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv chemistry, lwm tus tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev siv lub cev, txawm tias me me.
Daim ntawv qhia yooj yim rau yuav ua li cas ua ib daim tawv nqaij luav twb tau hais saum toj no. Cia li muab nws tawm ua ntej. Ua li no, lub carcass yog dai upside down, thiab hind ob txhais ceg yog stretched rau sab. Lawv yuav tsum tau ruaj khov, khi rau ib tug pas ze ntawm lub metatarsus, nruab nrab ntawm lub hock thiab ntiv tes. Tom qab ntawd, nyob ib ncig ntawm kev sib koom tes, yuav tsum tau siv rab riam ntse heev los ua ib qho kev txiav hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm txhua ko taw. Tom ntej no, txuas lawv nrog lwm qhov incision khiav raws sab hauv ntawm tus ncej puab thiab hauv qab tus Tsov tus tw. Qee zaum, daim tawv nqaij kuj raug tshem tawm ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, nws tsuas yog txiav tawm.
Tom qab ntawd, kev phais yog ua nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw - ze ntawm qhov chaw mos, pob ntseg, pem hauv ntej paws (nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub metatarsal sib koom). Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij pib ntawm tus ncej puab thiab maj mam txav mus. Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv zog me ntsis. Qee lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tau pab nrog rab riam kom tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas npog cov rog. Hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas qhov tseeb, txwv tsis pub koj tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab daim tawv nqaij yuav zoo li lub colander.
Mus txog lub taub hau, daim tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm pob ntseg, qhov chaw txiav tau ua yav tas los. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum txiav tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj, rub nws tawm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm ob txhais ceg pem hauv ntej. Ib daim tawv nqaij uas tawv nqaij yuav zoo li cov yeeb nkab uas muaj jagged npoo thiab pluab sab hauv.
Kauj Ruam1 - Kev npaj
theem pib ntawm yuav ua li cas hnav daim tawv nqaij luav hauv tsev muaj cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
pab
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees.
Txawm tias ua ntej pib ua haujlwm thawj zaug - soaking, ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua. Cov tawv nqaij qhuav tsis haum rau hnav khaub ncaws, thiab yog li yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias nws yog qhov tsis xav tau kom tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij tawm hauv lub xeev "tshiab", vim nws yuav tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv ntxiv.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab tshem tawm daim tawv nqaij, ncaj nws ntawm txoj cai nrog rau daim tawv nqaij, thiab cov kab ridge yuav tsum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ciam teb ntawm cov ntoo board. Thiab kom cov tawv nqaij tsis ntsws, koj tuaj yeem kho qhov xaus nrog cov carnations me me.
Tom ntej no, maj mam txhuam cov roj thiab cov nqaij seem nrog rab riam los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd, vim nws yuav muaj teeb meem heev kom tshem tawm lawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij qhuav. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub so qhuav thiab sab laug kom qhuav.
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm yuav ua li cas ua kom tawv nqaij luav - tag nrho cov kauj ruam yuav muab hauv qab no. Rau kev txuag, nws yog qhov zoo dua los faib chav sib cais, qhuav, qhov cua, qhov twg yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias (tsawg kawg 25 °).
Daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem txiav txim siab npaj rau kev kho ntxiv yog tias, thaum crushed, nws pib "rustle". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom khaws cia rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab deb ntawm qhov chaw sov (qhov cub, roj teeb). Txwv tsis pub, daim tawv nqaij yuav tawv thiab cov plaub hau nkig.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog muab cov tawv nqaij ntawm luav ua ke nrog lub xeev thiab tshem tawm cov protein ntau thiab cov khoom khaws cia.tshuaj. Rau qhov no, kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb tab tom npaj, uas yuav suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no (raws li 1 liter dej):
- Nyiaj noj ntsev (40-50g).
- Txhua yam tshuaj tua kab mob - furatsilin, norsulfazol, sulfidine (1-2 ntsiav tshuaj), formalin (0.5-1 ml), zinc chloride sodium sulfate (2 g).
- Extracts ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm - decoction ntawm nplooj ntawm eucalyptus, ntoo qhib, willow (50 ml, tsis muaj ntxiv).
- Detergent - ntxuav hmoov hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 1.5 g.
Ntau tus novice yug me nyuam luav txaus siab rau: yuav ua li cas ua kom tawv nqaij luav tom tsev sai? Nws tsis zoo li txhua yam tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, vim tias qhov kev lag luam no tsis xav tau nrawm. Cov txheej txheem ntub dej ib leeg yuav siv sijhawm 12 teev, tab sis nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb hnub vim qhov kev txuag. Yog tias nws tau tsim tsis ntev los no, ces cov tawv nqaij yuav ntub rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias daim tawv nqaij qhuav dhau los yog ntxuav tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov piv txwv hauv qab no: rau 3 litres ntawm cov tshuaj soaked - 1 kg ntawm luav tawv. Lawv yuav tsum xoob.
Mezdrenie
Tom qab cov tawv nqaij ntub lawm, lawv yuav tsum tau muab yaug kom huv si thiab, thaum lawv tseem ntub, ncab ntawm qhov thaiv nrog cov plaub hau. Cov txheej txheem tawv nqaij pib, uas suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov rog thiab cov leeg nqaij, suav nrog tag nrho cov npog zaj duab xis - daim tawv nqaij.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ua kom tawv nqaij luav tom tsev. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yimtxhuam nrog txhuam los yog ib sab ntawm ib rab riam. Los yog khaws cov npoo ntawm zaj duab xis thiab, nrog rau kev siv zog thiab kev txawj ntse, rhuav tshem nws ntawm dermis nrog koj txhais tes. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm skinning nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia opposite rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm wool. Hauv lwm lo lus, los ntawm ntug ntawm tus Tsov tus tw mus rau lub taub hau thiab sab, lossis los ntawm sab nraub qaum mus rau lub plab.
Tom qab kev ua haujlwm mezdreniya, koj tuaj yeem pib degreasing. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov seem ntawm cov rog thiab cov leeg nqaij, koj yuav tsum siv xab npum, ntxhua khaub ncaws lossis tshuaj zawv plaub hau. Raws li ib liter, ib tug ntawm cov txhais tau tias yog:
- xab npum - 10 g (finely grate los yog noj cov khoom yaj);
- hmoov - 3.5g;
- shampoo - 25 g.
Tom qab ntxuav cov tawv nqaij, yaug kom huv si hauv qab dej ntws, wring tawm thiab so qhuav nrog ib daim ntaub. Daim txhuam cev yuav ua kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm cov plaub.
Kauj Ruam 2 - Hnav khaub ncaws
Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa phooj ywg sawv daws.
Txoj kev ua ntu no, yuav ua li cas ua daim tawv nqaij luav tom tsev, nyuaj thiab teeb meem. Nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau los ua txhua yam thawj zaug, tab sis nws tsis tsim nyog muab tso rau thawj zaug! Tsuas yog hauv txoj kev no tau txais kev paub dhau los, thiab cov txuj ci sib raug zoo yuav tuaj nrog lub sijhawm.
Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav pab koj nkag siab txhua yam nyuaj uas tos tus tswv hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws luav.
Nyob
Txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog tuavtsis poob rau kev hnav khaub ncaws yuav luag txhua hom pluab lossis cov ntaub plaub. Nrog nws cov kev pab, daim tawv nqaij yuav mos thiab yas, ntxiv rau, nws yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov plaub hau.
Cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij ua cov pickling ua ntej no, tab sis cov neeg pib tshiab yuav tsum pib nrog pickling vim nws qhov yooj yim thiab kev ntseeg tau. Tib lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem ua daim tawv nqaij luav nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes ntawm ob txoj hauv kev:
- dipping;
- kev thov Vajtswv.
Rau dipping, tshwj xeeb acidic tov yog npaj los ntawm ntsev (40 g), dej (1 liter) thiab vinegar. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xyaw kawg yog noj nyob ntawm nws cov concentration: ntawm 70% - 42 ml, 12% - 250 ml, 9% - 330 ml. Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov kua dej thaum soaking: 3 litres ib 1 kg ntawm tawv.
Rau kev sib kis, cov concentrate yog siav ob zaug li muaj zog. Cov tshuaj yog siv nrog txhuam rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb, ntau dua ib zaug thiab tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv.
Cov tawv nqaij ua ntej yog tig sab hauv tawm nrog plaub. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yuav siv sij hawm los ntawm 5 mus rau 8 teev, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis overdo nws. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, nws tsim nyog ua qhov kev kuaj xyuas yooj yim, uas tsuas yog ua kom pom qhov muag:
- Daim tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm ntawm cov tawv nqaij, ib qho me me ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij yog khoov txhua qhov chaw kom cov plaub hau nyob rau saum, thiab daim tawv nqaij sab hauv.
- Qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov quav yog cov ntiv tes nruj heev.
- Tam sim no daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem muab qhwv. Yog tias daim kab xev dawb nyob qhov twg qhov khoov yog 5-7 vib nas this, ces nws yog npaj rau kev ua ntxiv.
Tab sis txoj haujlwm, yuav ua li cas hnav daim tawv nqaij ntawm luav, tsis xaus rau ntawd. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau neutralize cov kua qaub. Ua li no, cov tawv nqaij yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lwm qhov kev daws rau 20-30 feeb: 1.5 grams dej qab zib ib liter dej. Tom qab muab rho tawm los ntawm cov kua nruab nrab, cov khoom siv raw yog nyem tawm, tig mus rau hauv cov plaub thiab muab tso rau hauv ib pawg hauv qab xovxwm (txhua lub rooj tsavxwm nrog lub nra). Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, cov tawv nqaij ripen nyob rau hauv 12-24 teev.
Tanning
Cov txheej txheem no yuav tso cai rau cov khoom siv los sib sau ua ke lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws lub cev lub zog rau lub sijhawm ntev tom qab kev ua haujlwm pickling (los yog fermentation). Kuj tseem muaj ntau hom ntawm no:
- Tannin - tanning yog ua tiav siv cov tshuaj raws li cov tawv ntoo thiab ceg ntoo ntawm ntoo qhib, alder lossis willow (250 g), ntsev (50 g). Tag nrho cov no yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv enameled thiab boiled rau 30 feeb, tom qab ntawd nws txias. Tom ntej no, daim tawv nqaij muab tso rau ntawm no rau ib hnub.
- Chromic - ntawm no cov tshuaj yog npaj siv ntsev (50 g) thiab chromic alum (6-7 g) diluted hauv 1 liter dej. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov tawv nqaij tanned rau 6 teev, tsis muaj ntxiv.
Lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem thaum teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas hnav cov tawv nqaij luav ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub cev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Kev ua haujlwm yuav kav mus txog thaum cov khoom saturated nrog tannins. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kev npaj, koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo txiav tawm ib qho me me hauv qhov tsis pom ntawm daim tawv nqaij (hauv cheeb tsam puab tais) - nws yuav tsum yog daj.
Tom qab cov txheej txheem tanning, cov tawv nqaij tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm cov xovxwm rau qhov mob.ib hnub los yog ob.
Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yuav luag ua haujlwm kawg ntawm theem hnav khaub ncaws luav. Nrog nws cov kev pab, softness, elasticity thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom yog guaranteed. Rau qhov no, ib qho tshwj xeeb emulsion yog npaj, uas yog rubbed nrog ib tug txhuam los yog tsav nyob rau hauv siv ib tug swab. Nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv:
- Glycerin yog tov nrog cov qe hauv qhov sib npaug (1: 1), ces txhua yam yog nplawm kom txog thaum du.
- Sib tov ntses lossis tsiaj rog (nqaij nyuj, nqaij nyug, luav) ntawm 500 grams, ntxhua khaub ncaws (200 grams) thiab ammonia (20 ml).
Cov lus piav qhia ntawm yuav ua li cas hnav cov tawv nqaij ntawm luav qhia tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo siv nrog txhuam rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm mezra, ua kom tsis txhob tau ntawm cov npoo nrog pluab. Tag nrho cov no yog tso rau 3-4 teev. Tswv yim: koj yuav tsum xub kis daim tawv nqaij ntawm txoj cai kom tusyees siv cov sib tov.
Nov yog qhov kawg ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws raw khoom. Tam sim no cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem txiav rau hauv nruab nrab raws kab ntawm lub plab, tom qab ntawd lawv qhuav ntawm chav tsev kub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los mus tas li nthuav tawm cov plaub rau lub cev muaj zog: wrinkle, stretch, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias lub mezdra tseem tawv, nws yuav tsum tau kneaded ntxiv mus rau ib tug mos elastic xeev.
Thaum kawg, lub cev tau txais kev kho mob hauv qab no:
- rubbed nrog chalk lossis hmoov hmoov;
- suab siv cov ntawv xuab zeb zoo;
- cov av nkos ntau dhau los yog hmoov me ntsis khob;
- fur combedtxhuam.
Qhov no ntawm txoj kev yuav ua li cas ua ib daim tawv nqaij luav tom tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob underestimated. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, mezdra tau txais lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj dawb thiab thaum kawg tau tshem tawm cov rog, thiab cov plaub hau ua softer. Tom qab qhov kev kho no, cov tawv nqaij tuaj yeem khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev heev. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov hnab linen lossis paj rwb es tsis txhob siv hnab yas.
Kauj Ruam 3 - ua tiav
Kev ua haujlwm kawg ntawm kev ua tiav cov tawv nqaij yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom plaub. Cov uas yug me nyuam luav tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv raw tom qab ziab thiab stripping.
Tom qab hnav khaub ncaws, dyeing ntawm cov plaub yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, vim hais tias cov plaub hau ntawm luav zoo li zoo dua tom qab cov txheej txheem no. Qhov xav tau rau kev txiav plaub hau thiab lwm yam kev ua tiav yog nyob ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Zaj lus
Tam sim no, muaj ntau lub tuam txhab uas ua cov tawv luav: hauv St. Petersburg, Moscow, lwm lub nroog. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog xav txog kev yug me nyuam luav, vim hais tias cov khoom nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev ua si tsis yog tsuas yog nqaij. Kev zoo nkauj thiab xim ntau yam ntawm luav pluab yog qhov nyuaj rau kev sib piv nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lwm cov tswv cuab ntawm cov tsiaj hauv tsev.
Ntxiv mus, pluab tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si hauv nws daim ntawv ntuj thiab ua raws li beaver, marten, sable thiab lwm yam tsiaj. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm qhov qis qis tuaj yeem siv los ua velor, hnov, thiab zoo haberdashery khoom yog tau los ntawm tawv. Thiab tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov kev nthuav qhia yog tag nrhonyob ntawm tus txheej txheem hnav khaub ncaws - qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, qhov zoo ntawm cov zis.
