Tom qab kev tsim lub tsev tiav lawm, thaum npaj txav mus los, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov muag tsis pom. Lub sijhawm no, muaj qhov ua tau tias cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yuav puas los ntawm nag lossis daus thiab lwm yam tsis zoo.
Nyob qhov muag tsis pom kev
Qhov chaw dig muag tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis tseem tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm sedimentary noo noo thiab tsis sib xws. Tawm hauv lub tsev yam tsis muaj ib feem ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Cov av yog saturated nrog noo noo, uas, thaum kub poob, pib crystallize thiab nthuav. Heaving rog tso siab rau lub hauv paus, uas tom qab ua rau nws puas tsuaj. Qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov tsim ntawm qhov muag tsis pom qhov chaw kuj yuav tsum muaj kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal.
Kev xav tau rau thaj chaw dig muag
Ua ntej koj sau thaj chaw dig muag nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov cai tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias muaj ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm qhov system kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm lub tsev thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej. Ua li no, qhov chaw hollow yog ntim nrog xuab zeb. Qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuasthiaj li hais tias qhov muag tsis pom qhov chaw tsawg kawg yog 60 cm dav. Qhov no tus nqi nce mus rau 1 m thaum nws los txog rau cov av uas muaj kev tawg. Thib peb, txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov dav ntawm qhov muag tsis pom, 30 cm yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qhov ntev ntawm lub ru tsev overhang.
qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw tsis pom
Yog tias koj xav paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua kom qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo, koj yuav tsum xav txog nws cov kev txwv. Rau kev tshem tawm cov dej noo zoo, qhov dav ntawm qhov no ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum yog 30 cm lossis ntau tshaj qhov dav ntawm lub ru tsev eaves. Qhov chaw dig muag feem ntau yog siv los ua txoj hauv kev ncig lub tsev. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm kom yooj yim, qhov dav yuav tsum yog 1 m lossis ntau dua. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, uas feem ntau nws txawv ntawm 3 txog 10 °.
Npaj cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv
Ua ntej nchuav qhov muag qhov muag nrog koj txhais tes, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom muaj qee yam cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv, nrog rau lawv:
- sand;
- cement;
- boards;
- rule;
- qib siab;
- rubble;
- sealant;
- spatula;
- peev;
- shovel.
Raws li rau sealant, polyurethane ntau yam yuav tsum nyiam. Cov khoom no yuav xav tau los tsim cov pob qij txha expansion. Thaum xaiv cov laug cam, koj yuav tsum pom cov uas nws qhov dav yog sib npaug ntawm qhov tuab ntawm qhov muag tsis pom. Lub spatula tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog lub trowel yog tias thawj tus tsis nyob ntawm tes.
Rau cov tshuaj khibkoj xav tau txoj cai. Thaum sib tov qhob koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj lub thawv. Txhawm rau muab cov ntawv ua haujlwm los ntawm cov laug cam, koj yuav tsum yuav lossis nrhiav tus ntsuj plig hauv koj lub arsenal. Ua ntej sau thaj tsam qhov muag tsis pom kev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom muaj lub bayonet shovel, nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv av, tshem tawm ib txheej ntawm av.
Npaj theem
Yog tias koj, ib yam nkaus, yog ntawm cov neeg uas xav txog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua kom qhov muag tsis pom hauv tsev, ces koj yuav tsum kos cov qauv nyob ib puag ncig tag nrho ntawm lub hauv paus. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kos ib qho kev ncua deb ntawm sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa, uas yuav txiav txim siab qhov dav. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, pegs yog tsav mus rau hauv, ntawm uas ib tug hlua los yog ib tug tuab xov yog rub. Hauv qhov chaw cim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov av, ua kom tob li 0.25 m.
Nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm cov av uas tau khawb, vim tias txwv tsis pub nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias tsis muaj recesses ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau sau, cov av yog tam sim ntawd tshem tawm ntawm ib ncig. Thaum cov neeg tsim khoom xav paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua kom qhov muag tsis pom qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev, lawv yuav tsum ua raws li kev siv tshuab. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas nws, koj yuav tuaj yeem nkag siab tias nyob ntawm ntug ntawm lub trench tsim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab ib daim ntawv tshem tawm uas txuas nrog zoo.
Ib txheej 10-cm ntawm cov xuab zeb tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench, uas yog dej ntau nrog dej rau tamping. Cov txheej tom ntej no yuav yog pob zeb crushed, uas yog pw nrog ib tug tuab li ntawm 5 mus rau 8 cm.kev tsim kho, yuav tsum tau siv lub zog hlau mesh. Nws yog nteg on rubble thiab tsau. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm suav tus nqi ntawm reinforcing mesh, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov npoo ntawm cov nplooj ntawv, thaum sib koom, yuav tsum sib tshooj 15 cm.
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob tawg
Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no, cov neeg tsim khoom ua rau lub kaw lus kaw. Ua li no, txhua 1.5 m, ntoo 10-mm planks raug ntsia rau ntawm ntug. Lawv cov ntug sab saum toj yuav tsum phim rau saum npoo.
Ua ntej kev teeb tsa, cov ntoo yog impregnated nrog cov dej-tiv thaiv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tom qab lub pob zeb yog poured, lub planks yuav ua raws li beacons rau leveling. Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus tau teeb tsa ntawm lub kaum sab xis xav tau.
Filling solution
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem mus rau theem tseem ceeb - sau cov formwork nrog mortar. Koj tuaj yeem xaj cov pob zeb npaj txhij, tab sis qhov no koj yuav xav tau lub thawv loj rau kev khaws cia ntawm qhov sib tov ib ntus. Nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tiv nrog kev thauj mus los ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm lub tank mus rau qhov muag tsis pom ib leeg. Ua li no, sau npe pab ntawm 3 tus neeg tsawg kawg.
Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem npaj cov tshuaj koj tus kheej, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov kev npaj nokoj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm qeeb, thaum txuag nyiaj. Tom qab lub formwork tau ntim nrog mortar, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau du nto nrog txoj cai. Nyob rau theem kawg, tom qab cov tshuaj dries, lub hauv paus ua hlau. Ua li no, nws yog sprinkled nrog qhuav cement, uas yog ces rubbed me ntsis. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias koj paub txhua yam hais txog yuav ua li cas sau lub qhov muag tsis pom kev, ua tib zoo ua raws li cov lus qhia. Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kauj ruam saum toj no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tawm ntawm cov qauv kom txog thaum cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw. Qee lub sij hawm cov pob zeb tau ntub dej thaum lub sijhawm kho kom tsis txhob tawg.
cov lus qhia ntxiv ua haujlwm
Yog tias koj tab tom ntsib nrog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws koj yuav tsum nyem rau ntawm lub pob tw. Ua li no, cov nroj tsuag txheej raug tshem tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd ib txheej ntawm rubble yog pw. Txhawm rau piav qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem khawb qhov chaw uas qhov chaw dig muag yuav nyob.
kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov ciam teb. Tom qab ntub dej, cov xuab zeb yog zoo compacted, thiab ces ib txheej ntawm crushed pob zeb yog poured on to top thiab pob zeb yog npaj rau pouring. Cov tom kawg yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv qhov chaw. Sealant tuaj yeem nchuav rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov pob qij txha, nrog rau qhov chaw dig muag thiab lub tsev. 20 feeb tom qab sau lub formwork, koj muaj peev xwm sprinkle lub nto thiab du nws. Tom ntej no, paving pob zeb los yog vuas yog pw. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws tsis tsim nyog nchuav pob zeb nrog cement.
kho qhov muag tsis pom kev
Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm koj pom cov kab nrib pleb lossis kev puas tsuaj hauv qhov muag tsis pom, cesNws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kho nws kom txog thaum cov kev hloov deformation tau pom ntau dua. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau txhais cov ciam teb. Yog hais tias lub hauv paus muaj ob peb qhov tawg los yog pits, ces lawv muab tso rau hauv ib qho teeb meem. Qhob yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm nws, lubricated nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter nrog bitumen thiab ib tug tshiab txheej ntawm mortar yog pw. Los ntawm saum toj no, qhov muag tsis pom qhov chaw yog theem, pib qhov koj xav tau los ntawm cov npoo, maj mam txav mus rau nruab nrab.
Seams tau kaw nrog lub tsho tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav tsum muaj bitumen, asbestos thiab crushed slag. Tom qab tawg, lawv yog sprinkled nrog qhuav xuab zeb. Yog tias qhov kev puas tsuaj me me, ces cov kua cement yog nchuav rau hauv lawv. Txoj hauv kev no yog kev siv zog tsawg dua li tshem tawm tag nrho txheej.
Puas tsim nyog ua asph alt pob zeb pavement
Ua ntej sau qhov muag tsis pom kev, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov thev naus laus zis. Ib txhia txiav txim siab nteg asph alt qhob pavement. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua haujlwm, koj yuav ntsib qee qhov teeb meem. Lawv tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov khoom siv, qhov twg yuav tsum muaj kev siv zog loj.
Yuav kom cov asph alt nyob rau hauv ib qho kev haum rau pouring, yuav tsum tau khaws cia kub ntawm 120 ° C. Yog tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, qhov no yog qhov teeb meem heev. Asph alt emits teeb meem impurities thaum rhuab, yog li ntau tus neeg siv khoom tsis kam siv cov thev naus laus zis no, ua rau lawv xaiv rau cov qauv ua vaj tse ib txwm muaj.
Zoo kawg
Hnub no, ntau yam ntawm cov qauv piav qhia tau paub. Thiab ua ntej koj sau qhov muag tsis pom hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog txhua tus ntawm lawv. Ntawm lawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais txog lub pob zeb ua vaj tse, cov txheej txheem ntawm pob zeb, paving slabs thiab pob zeb crushed. Craftsmen txawm ua ib lub qhov muag tsis pom dej. Nws yog siv yog tias muaj qhov tso dej nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev.
Geotextile cov ntaub ntawv muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw so rau qhov no, uas yog them nrog pob zeb lossis pebbles. Cov khoom siv tsis pub cov pob zeb crushed los khawb rau hauv av thiab tshem tawm cov kev tawg. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev tsim no yog nws cov heterogeneity thiab complexity ntawm sealing. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm xws li ib txheej nws yuav tsis yooj yim txav. Yog li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam yuav yog thaj chaw qhov muag tsis pom kev, uas, nrog cov cuab yeej zoo, yuav tsis sag dhau sijhawm.
