Tshawb nrhiav haujlwm - yog dab tsi? Hom, xwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm

Cov txheej txheem:

Tshawb nrhiav haujlwm - yog dab tsi? Hom, xwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm
Tshawb nrhiav haujlwm - yog dab tsi? Hom, xwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm

Video: Tshawb nrhiav haujlwm - yog dab tsi? Hom, xwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm

Video: Tshawb nrhiav haujlwm - yog dab tsi? Hom, xwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Haujlwm yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej hauv kev npaj rau kev pib tsim kho, kev tshawb fawb engineering, kev tsim kho cov haujlwm, kev npaj ua haujlwm thiab kwv yees cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem ua tiav ob qho tib si thaum lub sijhawm siv peev thiab thaum lub sijhawm rov tsim kho cov qauv, qhov xav tau rau lawv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.

Kev faib tawm

kev tshawb nrhiav haujlwm yog
kev tshawb nrhiav haujlwm yog

Tam sim no, kev tsim thiab kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua ob peb hom:

  1. ua haujlwm Topographic thiab geodetic - tsom rau kev sau thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv thaum sau cov duab qhia chaw ntawm ib cheeb tsam. Kev npaj daim duab qhia chaw thiab cov phiaj xwm ntxaws tso cai rau cov kws ua haujlwm kom nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av uas twb muaj lawm thiab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim thaum tsim kho.
  2. Kev tshawb fawb Geological ua haujlwm yog kev kawm txog geological nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom zoo ntawm cov av.
  3. Qhov thib peb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm - kev tshawb fawb hydrological cuam tshuam nrogtsim. Cov dej num no suav nrog kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm cov dej hauv av, kawm txog nws qhov zoo, keeb kwm, kev tsim nyog rau kev xav tau thiab kev haus dej haus, kuaj xyuas qhov ua phem ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm hauv kev npaj rau kev tsim kho

tsim thiab tshawb nrhiav haujlwm
tsim thiab tshawb nrhiav haujlwm

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm tso cai los daws cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

  • kev npaj ntawm kev tsim geodetic network rau kev tsim kho;
  • hloov kho cov phiaj xwm ntsuas, cov phiaj xwm saum toj saud;
  • npaj cov phiaj xwm struts hauv cov duab thiab digital, peb-dimensional version;
  • sau, ua thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv muaj txog cov khoom;
  • ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw, ntsuas, ntsuas;
  • ua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, kos cov ntawv ua haujlwm, xaus lus, ceeb toom.

Yuav ua li cas tso daim ntawv xaj rau kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm?

Yog tias tsim nyog los ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov kev pabcuam muaj koob npe uas tau ntsib cov kws tshaj lij. Tom qab txiav txim siab ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tsim kho uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsim thiab kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau teeb tsa cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab theem nrab. Tom ntej no, ib txoj haujlwm tsim nyog tau txiav txim siab thiab pom zoo raws li.

Tus nqi ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm uas tau npaj ua ntej, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua, lawv qhov xwm txheej, sijhawm. Thaum kawg ntawm togDaim ntawv cog lus tau txais ib pob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.

Npaj ua haujlwm

kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav
kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav

Thaum lub sijhawm npaj ua haujlwm ntawm kev sojntsuam, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa, tsim cov ntaub ntawv tsim. Raws li lub hauv paus rau kev siv cov kev ua ub no, cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov khoom siv rau lub sijhawm dhau los feem ntau yog siv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov project tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.

Ntxiv mus, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav, ib qho kev pabcuam tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb raws li cov haujlwm tau teev tseg. Cov kev tso cai raug cai yuav tsum tau ua los ua cov haujlwm tau teem tseg.

Teb chaw

tus nqi ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm
tus nqi ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm

Kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv lub hom phiaj, raws li cov kev suav tseem ceeb, kev npaj rau qhov chaw thiab cov chaw raug teeb tsa, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau npaj.

Nyob rau theem no tshwm sim:

  • survey of the area;
  • ib txoj haujlwm dav dav tau piav qhia;
  • thaj chaw tseem ceeb raug txheeb xyuas rau kev txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov txheej xwm tau npaj;
  • a siv geodetic kab sib koom ua ke;
  • daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tau ua tiav, nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv av uas twb muaj lawm;
  • qhov project tau raug coj los ua yam zoo, tom qab ntawd cov kev cuam tshuam raug teeb tsa.

koob yees duab xwm txheej

Desk surveykev ua haujlwm yog tag nrho cov haujlwm, uas suav nrog kev ua tiav kawg ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau txais thaum lub sijhawm tshawb fawb, suav nrog kev tswj hwm, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas thiab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, lawv qhov tseeb.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov xwm txheej cameral, tus qauv digital ntawm cov khoom raug tsim, raws li cov duab kos uas tsim nyog rau kev siv cov haujlwm raug tsim. Nws muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntxaws txog qhov chaw, cov chaw uas twb muaj lawm, struts, underground thiab deg siv.

kawg theem

Thaum kawg, daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm tau npaj, uas muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov khoom. Cov ntawv nyeem raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov duab kos.

Pom zoo: