Yuav kom tsis txhob ntiav tus tswv vuam, nws ua rau kev nkag siab los kawm qhov khoom siv tes ua nyuaj ntawm koj tus kheej. Yuav pib nrog, koj yuav tsum tau txais kev paub ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau yooj yim, txij li tooj liab, titanium thiab txhuas yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau vuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov khoom cam khwb cia hlau uas tau nthuav dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub (piv txwv li, cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej phwj). Peb feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nrog cov hlau no, yog li tsab xov xwm yuav piav qhia txog qhov twg electrodes siv tau los ua noj cam khwb cia hlau.
Basic rules
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua raws li kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb thiab cov lus pom zoo rau kev tshaj lij. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev yuav tsum kawm cov teeb meem hauv qab no thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv hlau cam, uas yog:
- yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsis tau pom, ces qhov kub ntawm cov hlau yog ua tau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsim cov pores thiab cov tsos ntawm kev ntxhov siab hauv cov seams;
- vuam yog pom zoo kom ua nyob rau hauv qis qis;
- yuav tsum ceev faj nawballoy, txwv tsis pub koj xaus nrog kev sib koom ua ke;
- qhov tsis xws luag (xws li cov kab nrib pleb) yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw yog tias cov txheej txheem cua txias thiab cua sov nrawm dhau los yog tsis sib xws;
- yog tias nws tsim nyog los ua haujlwm vuam nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus tsis sib xws, cov kev tsis sib xws ntawm ob qho tib si yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Thaum cov lus nug tshwm sim raws li qhov twg electrodes ua noj cam khwb cia hlau nrog hlau, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov electrodes ntawm TsCh-4 hom. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov graphite substrate kom tsis txhob muaj cov cam khwb cia hlau.
Koj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom hauv tsev, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog npaj cov khoom kom zoo thiab ua haujlwm vuam, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia. Cov neeg qhia tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab: hom vuam thiab hom electrode tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ua ntej pib ua haujlwm.
Ntau yam cam khwb cia hlau
Qhov no yog cov hlau thiab carbon, uas suav nrog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Hom cam khwb cia hlau nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm impurities (silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium thiab lwm yam). Qee cov alloys yog amenable rau vuam, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum tau siv cov electrodes nrog qee qhov kev ntsuas. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej:
- cam khwb cia hlau dawb muaj qhov ntsuas siab hardness, thiab tag nrho cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cementite.
- Machinable grey alloy uas carbontam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm graphite. Vim muaj cov kev ntsuas siab, cov khoom siv yog siv rau casting. Inexperienced welders tej zaum yuav muaj lus nug txog qhov twg electrode ua noj grey cam khwb cia hlau nrog. Masters qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no siv consumables OZCH-2, MNCH-2 thiab OZZHN-2.
- Cov hlau ductile yog tau los ntawm kev kho cua sov ntawm cov tiav dawb alloy. Hom hlau no yog siv los tsim tsheb thiab tshuab ua liaj ua teb. Yog hais tias cov lus nug tshwm sim raws li qhov twg electrode ua noj cam khwb cia hlau, ces cov lus teb yog: Zeller 866 yuav tsum tau siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, TsCh-4 yuav siv tau.
- Ib nrab cam khwb cia hlau yog siv los tsim qhov chaw uas yuav siv tas li.
- High-strength alloy yog siv nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering thiab kev tsim cov roj thiab roj pipelines.
Yuav ua li cas electrodes ua noj cam khwb cia hlau thiab hlau tsis preheating? Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias koj tuaj yeem siv Zeller 888 thiab Zeller 855 khoom siv rau qhov no.
Welding Methods
Kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, txhua qhov muaj qee qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov kws tshaj lij tau txheeb xyuas peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau vuam cam khwb cia hlau qhov chaw:
- Cov txheej txheem kub, qhov tshwj xeeb uas yog cov hlau yuav tsum tau pib ua kom sov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 500-600 ° C. Txhawm rau tsim cov seams, OMC-1 electrodes yog siv, txoj kab uas hla yog 8-16 hli.
- Kev siv cov roj inert yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los kho cov kav hlau cam thiab cov khoom siv tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev yog tsim nyog thaumnws yuav tsum tau weld inhomogeneous hlau.
- Vuam cam khwb cia hlau nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsev yog qhov ua tau uas nws tau pom zoo kom siv txoj kev txias, vim nws yuav tsis tsim nyog los ua kom sov lub workpieces.
Cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev yuav tsum kawm txog cov khoom ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau thiab nws cov khoom siv. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias grey alloy yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog.
Npaj Yam
Yog tias qhov kev ntxuav thawj zaug ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau ua tiav, ces cov welded sib koom ua ke yuav yooj yim dua los ua kom zoo. Npaj cov khoom hauv qhov kev txiav txim no:
- Tau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom los ntawm plua plav thiab khib nyiab.
- Degrease qauv nrog hnyav.
- Kev siv cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau cam nyias.
- Edging yog ua ua ntej koom nrog cov tuab-walled qhov chaw, qhov no siv cov ntaub ntawv los yog grinder;
- Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm vuam, cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum raug txiav tawm thiab qhov xaus sib npaug.
Nrov electrodes
Qee yam khoom siv rau vuam tau hais los saum toj no. Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm electrodes rau cam khwb cia hlau muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
- OZCH-4;
- OZZHN-1;
- CC-4;
- OK 92.18;
- OZCH-2.
Yuav ua li cas electrode rau vuam cam khwb cia hlau rau hlau? Los ntawm cov npe uas tau hais tseg, ib lub npe khoom siv TsCh-4 yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Cold Welding Key Principles
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoom siv thiab cov electrodes tshwj xeeb uas muaj npib tsib xee lossis tooj liab. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm vuam yog qhov brittleness ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau nce nyob rau hauv qhov chaw weld, vim tias cov hlau yog raug rau ntau hardening. Dab tsi electrodes ua noj cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam? Muaj ntau tus pas nrig, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo cov hom lag luam hauv tsev:
- OZCH-2 thiab OZCH-6 yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog lub taub tooj liab kho nrog cov hmoov hlau.
- Iron-nickel rods OZZHN-1, OZCH-3, OZCH-4, uas yog siv rau DC vuam ntawm cam khwb cia hlau.
- Consumables hom MNC-2 - qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau vuam, tab sis lawv muaj ib tug drawback - siab nqi. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav siv cov hlau alloys ntawm tooj liab, manganese, hlau thiab npib tsib xee rau tus pas nrig.
Tab sis cov neeg qhia nws tus kheej tseem tuaj yeem xav paub qhov twg electrode yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau vuam cam khwb cia hlau siv hluav taws xob vuam, uas tuaj yeem teb tau: nws raug nquahu kom siv MNC-2, vim tias cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov siab- zoo seam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib txuas zoo li no yuav raug tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig hnyav thiab roj kub.
Kub vuam electrodes
Craftsmen siv qhov kub sib txawv rau cua sov cov pob qij txha:
- ntawm 500 txog 600 ° C - vuam kub;
- 300-400 °С - ib nrab kub;
- 150-200 °C - sov.
Tab sis cam khwb cia hlau yog hlau, uas, thaum rhuab heev, hloov nws cov qauv, kom cov hlau tsis tuaj yeem rhuab saum 650 ° C. Ib sabcov khoom yuav tsum txias me ntsis. Dab tsi electrode ua noj cam khwb cia hlau? Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv ntawm hom TsCh-4 yog tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm kev siv tshuab vuam kub, thiab OK 92.18 - ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Electrodes rau vuam steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau
Cov khoom siv ntawm TsCh-4 hom yog siv los txuas cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis sib xws. Txhua yam kev xav tau rau kev vuam txias thiab kub yuav tsum tau ua raws. Cov teeb meem tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yooj yim nrog cov electrodes. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv no siv tau yog tias tsim nyog los siv ob peb txheej los npaj qhov chaw rau kev ua haujlwm vuam tom ntej.
Yuav ua li cas electrodes ua noj cam khwb cia hlau nrog hlau? ZELLER 855 thiab Ficast NiFe yog cov npe nrov ntawm cov khoom siv vuam siv los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm los koom nrog ntau hom alloys. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau raug ntxuav thiab ua tiav dhau los, qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem, vim tias cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau qhov no nrog cov khoom tsis tau npaj.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm vuam steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau
Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum ua yog npaj ob lub heterogeneous hlau. Koj yuav tau siv sijhawm ntau los ntxuav qhov chaw vuam kom ci nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb lossis txhuam hlau. cam khwb cia hlau yog ib tug ntxeem tau hlau, uas yog tob tob los ntawm cov rog thiab roj, yog li nws raug pom zoo kom huv si huv huv cheeb tsam.
Nws yuav tsum mus rau txheej txheem vuam: yog li, yog tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab vuam tsis ntau tshaj 54 V, ces yuav tsum ua haujlwmcoj siv ncaj qha tam sim no ntawm rov qab polarity. Txwv tsis pub, alternating tam sim no yuav tsum tau siv. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj zog nthuav dav ntawm qhov chaw vuam, ob qho tib si hlau yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm txog 600 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias thaum txias, qhov vuam tuaj yeem tawg, yog li koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tib zoo ua haujlwm thawj zaug.
Yog tias koj yuav tsum tau vuam tuab-walled qhov chaw, koj yuav tau ua raws li cov lus qhia sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yuav tsis tsim nyog los ua cua sov, txij li ob lub heterogeneous hlau tuaj yeem welded siv cov hlaws me me, txhua qhov yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2.5 hli ntev. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas qhov nruj ntawm lub seam tsis tseem ceeb. Nrog rau cov cuab yeej no, txhua tus menyuam yuav tsum tau siv rau lwm tus, yav tas los txias. Xws li ib tug weld, txawm ua los ntawm ib tug tswv, yuav tig mus rau ib tug tsis yooj yim sua.
Non-consumable electrodes
Cam khwb cia hlau blanks tuaj yeem txuas nrog siv carbon, graphite thiab tungsten electrodes. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv cov khoom muab tub lim, uas tuaj yeem yog hlau, tooj liab, cam khwb cia hlau thiab txhuas rods. Cov txheej txheem vuam yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev siv roj inert lossis laum (flux). Raws li txoj cai, cov kws paub txog kev siv vuam siv nickel-plated tungsten consumables.
Siv SSSI electrodes
Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv tooj liab-steel yog siv thaum vuam nrog cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia. Yuav kom ua tau cov electrodes, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cua ntawm tooj liab xaim mus rau UONI 13/45, lub thickness ntawm uas yog.los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2 mm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias nws qhov hnyav tshaj 5 npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov pas nrig hlau. Yog hais tias cov lus nug tshwm sim raws li qhov twg electrode ua noj cam khwb cia hlau, ces koj yuav xyuam xim siv lub SSSI.
Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua yog tias koj siv UONI-13/55. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tiv thaiv overheating ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau, vim qhov no yuav ua rau cov kab nrib pleb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov hlau tsis kub heev nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum tau koom nrog.
German electrodes
Lub teb chaws Yelemees tsim cov khoom zoo cam khwb cia hlau electrodes, uas tau siv dav hauv Russia. Piv txwv li, qhov no suav nrog UTP 86 FN qib thiab UTP A68 HH stainless hlau muab tub lim. Lub tuam txhab German UTP Schweissmaterial ua cov nickel electrodes uas haum rau vuam nrog cam khwb cia hlau. Tus welder yuav ua kom zoo thiab tawg-resistant seams.
Capilla 41 - electrodes los ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab German, uas yog siv rau cov tshuab vuam kub. Yog tias xaiv txoj kev txias, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav Capilla 43.
Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj tau saib xyuas cov neeg xav tau dab tsi electrode ua noj cam khwb cia hlau nrog hlau. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom yuav cov khoom siv carbon los ntawm TEAM BINZEL, vim lawv tsim cov khoom siv uas ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom hlau (piv txwv li, tooj liab thiab stainless hlau).
Nyob hauv kaw
Txhua tus neeg paub txog lossis cov neeg siv khoom tshiab muaj cai txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej uas electrode zoo dua rau vuamcam khwb cia hlau, txij li thaum kev tsim kho kev lag luam muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no. Hauv qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog xaiv txoj cai electrode. Cov kab lus hais txog qib nrov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas cov neeg ua haujlwm ua welds ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias tus kws tshaj lij welder tau nqis los ua lag luam, kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ntau hom hlau.
Yog tias koj ua raws li cov kev cai thiab cov lus pom zoo, koj yuav tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv hlau cam kom raug.
