Txhua tus tswv tsev puas paub yuav ua li cas kom cov xov hlau zoo nrog cov hlau soldering? Hom kev sib txuas no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv txoj kev sib tw. Txoj kev tom kawg no feem ntau txwv tsis pub los ntawm PUE. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws zoo nkaus li tias cov txheej txheem soldering nws tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim heev: tsuas yog dip lub taub hau rau hauv rosin, khaws ib co solder thiab txuas cov xov hlau.
Qhov tseeb, txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev txawj uas tsuas yog los ntawm kev paub dhau los. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub lag luam no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo ntawm soldering, thiab ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Kom nkag siab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim nyog delving rau hauv cheeb tsam no.
Nyob ntawm cov hlau soldering
Muaj ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej no:
- Hluav taws xob - siv los ntawm lub zog hauv tsev.
- Gas - siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
- Thermoair - ntawm no yog ua haujlwm los ntawm huab cua ntws.
- Induction - lub taub hau yog cua sov los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub feem ntausiv hluav taws xob soldering hlau. Lawv txawv ntawm lub zog ntawm lawv tus kheej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntau yam.
Yuav tsum
Qhov tseeb, rau kev ua haujlwm koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum nws tus kheej. Koj tseem yuav xav tau rosin lossis lwm yam fluxes, solder. Nrog lub cuab yeej sawv ntsug nws yuav pom tau yooj yim dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog yuav ua li cas kom zoo soldering cov hlau nrog ib tug soldering hlau rau lub microcircuit, peb tuaj yeem xaus lus: kev ua haujlwm yuav pab tau zoo heev nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv:
- Hlau sawv raws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem soldering nws tus kheej yuav ua tiav.
- Braid ntawm nyias tooj liab strands. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov solder ntau dhau.
- Pliers, clamps lossis tweezers. Lawv yooj yim los tuav cov khoom siv hlau.
- File. Qee lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum ua kom lub taub hau ntawm cov hlau soldering.
- Insulating daim kab xev, cua sov shrink tubing muab cov tub ntxhais rwb thaiv tsev.
- Cawv los ntxuav tawm cov dej ntau dhau.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum npaj kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm nws tus kheej.
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo npaj txhua yam: cov ntaub ntawv, cuab yeej. Ua ib daim ntawv teev txhua yam koj xav tau ua ntej thiab ua raws nws nruj me ntsis. Txwv tsis pub, cov txheej txheem soldering yuav tig mus rau hauv kev tsim txom tiag tiag.
Fluxes
Lub khw khoom siv hauv tsev yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam fluxes rau soldering. Ntau ntawm lawv yog universal thiab haum rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua los ntawm cov notshuaj nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem, yuav ua li cas zoo solder xov hlau rau lub rooj tsavxwm nrog ib tug soldering hlau (los yog rau lwm yam), - npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej:
- etching core wires;
- oxide zaj duab xis tshem tawm.
Rau ntau hom hlau thiab lawv cov alloys, muaj cov fluxes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, alkaline sib tov, acids thiab ntsev tau suav nrog hauv lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tag nrho cov no tau koom tes nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum qhov kub thiab txias mus txog.
Conventionally, tag nrho cov fluxes tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj:
- nquag nquag;
- " tshuaj" raws rosin.
Cov ntsiab lus nquag yog tsim los ntawm inorganic acids (hydrochloric lossis perchloric). Lawv tuaj yeem siv los txuas txhua tus neeg xyuas pib, suav nrog cov khoom hlau. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog xav tias qhov flux no cuam tshuam rau tooj liab, ua rau cov txheej txheem corrosion. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom seem yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim tom qab soldering tiav. Cov ntsiab lus no tau nce conductivity, uas feem ntau ua rau luv luv.
Raws li kev npaj nrog rosin, lawv tuaj yeem muaj cawv thiab glycerin, uas tag nrho evaporate thaum lub sij hawm soldering. Fluxes nyob rau hauv cov kua yog tsis zoo li, tab sis lawv yog indispensable yog hais tias koj yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nrog non-ferrous hlau. Tab sis nws kuj yuav tsum tau yaug sai. Rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim dua, rosin ntshiab nws tus kheej feem ntau siv.
Kev xaiv tub rog
Yuav ua li cas rau cov hlau txuas nrog cov hlau? khaws cov fluxnws yooj yim heev. Nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm solder, txhua yam yog yooj yim dua. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog tooj liab hlau, tin-lead alloys ntawm POS hom yuav tsum tau siv. Tus naj npawb uas tau qhia tom qab lub cim sib raug rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tin hauv lub solder.
Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, alloys nrog ntau cov tin yuav tsum nyiam. Vim li no, cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau nce markedly. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj zog ntxiv.
Kev suav nrog cov hlau lead ua rau normalization ntawm solder hardening. Yog tsis muaj cov khoom no, cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub solder, uas thaum kawg ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Hnub no, lwm cov khoom muag tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub khw, rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no. Lead yog hloov los ntawm zinc los yog indium. Thiab txij li cov no yog cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom, cov alloys yog ib puag ncig zoo thiab nyab xeeb. Qhov sib koom ua ke nws tus kheej yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tiv taus cov txheej txheem corrosion.
Yog li ntawd, nrog rau qhov kev xaiv no, koj tsis tas yuav thab txog yuav ua li cas kom cov xov hlau zoo nrog cov hlau soldering.
Ntawm kev muag, ntxiv rau cov fluxes thiab solders, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib qho tshwj xeeb muab tshuaj txhuam rau soldering. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim ua noj koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, noj cov tais diav enameled, qhov twg koj yuav tsum tau muab cov tshuaj hydrochloric acid (32 ml), ntxiv dej zoo tib yam (12 ml), tom qab ntawd txo cov zinc (8.1 g). Tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dissolution, tin (8.7 g) ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tam sim no nws tseem nyob tos kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej. Tom qab ntawd cov dej yog evaporated kom txog rau thaum ib tug muab tshuaj txhuam yog tsim.khoom.
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum hloov cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv lub thawv porcelain thiab ntxiv cov khoom crushed hauv cov khoom nram qab no:
- lead - 7.4 g;
- tin - 14.8 g;
- qhuav ammonia - 7.5 g;
- zinc - 29.6g;
- rosin - 9.4g;
- Yglycerin - 10 ml.
Txhua yam sov so thiab sib tov zoo.
paste soldering
Yuav ua li cas rau cov hlau nplaum nrog cov hlau nplaum nrog cov tshuaj txhuam? Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Hlau cores tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev paub, yog tias tsim nyog, lawv tau twisted.
- Pab muab tshuaj txhuam rau hauv ib txheej nyias.
- Cov nplaim taws yog rhuab nrog cov hlau nplaum kom txog thaum muab tshuaj txhuam melts.
- Solder raug tshem tawm kom txias cov khoom sib koom ua ke.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov tin ib txwm nyob ntawm no. Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce qhia tau hais tias nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab tsis yog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau, tab sis kuj yog nyob rau hauv me me ua los ntawm cov hlau alloys raws li tooj liab lossis tooj dag.
Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau los ntawm kev sib tw
Feem ntau, siv cov txheej txheem dav dav, uas suav nrog cov qauv siv. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias feem ntau consumables yuav muaj versatility. Yog tias tsim nyog, qee qhov tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm lwm tus. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog kev sib txuas uas tom qab ntawd yuav raug thauj khoom loj, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis! Tshwj xeeb, koj yuav tsum sivTej yam khoom siv.
Yuav ua li cas kom cov hlau nyias nyias nrog cov hlau soldering? Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua kom sov cov cores mus rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab tom qab ntawd txuas lawv mus rau ib leeg los ntawm kev qhwv lawv nrog solder. Raws li cov xov hlau txias, qhov chaw soldering yuav khov.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm ntau tus kws kho hluav taws xob, kev ua haujlwm zoo li yooj yim dhau. Qhov tseeb, thaum ua cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem inevitably ntsib nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Txhua qhov tshwj xeeb sib txawv hauv kev xaiv ntawm solder. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej fixation txhim khu kev qha thiab immobility ntawm cov xov hlau rau lawv cov kev twb kev txuas nrog solder.
ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kom paub
Yog tias cov xov tooj tooj liab txuas nrog rau ib leeg siv txoj kev kub kub, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov hluav taws xob conductivity thiab txhua yam muaj zog ntawm qhov taw tes soldering. Cov kev ntsuas no ncaj qha nyob ntawm ib leeg.
Yuav ua li cas rau cov hlau nplaum nrog cov hlau nplaum? Qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau txuas yog nyob ntawm seb muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm cov soldering. Thiab qhov no nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej muab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm ib theem siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thickness ntawm deposited solder txheej kuj tseem ceeb, vim nws muaj ib tug siab resistivity.
Lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tooj liab conductors feem ntau yog vim qhov kev huv ntawm cov khoom siv soldered. Lub solder cuam tshuam nrog cov xov hlau ntawm qib atomic. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tsis tsuas muaj kuab paug, tab sis kuj muaj nyob ntawmnyias oxide zaj duab xis.
Lwm yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog qhov kub ntawm cov solder. Nws yuav tsum tau pom tias qis dua qhov yuav tsum tau koom nrog. Yog tias siv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua, ces nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog. Nws siv lead ua lattice yuav raug tsim tsis raug. Yog vim li no, tsuas yog siv cov solder kom raug rau ntawm cov xov tooj tooj liab.
txheej txheem soldering
Tam sim no cia peb xav txog cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej, yuav ua li cas kom cov hlau tooj liab zoo nrog cov hlau soldering.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb theem tseem ceeb:
- kev npaj cov neeg xyuas;
- tinning;
- kev sib txuas.
Kev npaj cov neeg xyuas pib
Ua ntej soldering conductors lossis txuas rau microcircuit, nws tsim nyog npaj lawv rau kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, thaj chaw me me yuav tsum tau tso tawm los ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Yog tias cov cores muaj oxide zaj duab xis, ces nws yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Txwv tsis pub (raws li peb twb paub lawm) qhov kev sib txuas zoo yuav qis.
Daim ntawv me me yuav ua rau lub hom phiaj no. Nws tsis tsim nyog siv cov nplej loj ntawm no, yog li koj yuav tsum txwv koj tus kheej rau cov me me. Cov tub ntxhais hlau yuav tsum ci.
Tinning
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem qhib cov hlau nplaum thiab tos kom txog thaum nws sov txog qhov kub ntawm cov rosin. Thaum kov nrog cov khoom no, nws yuav nquag yaj, txawm tias me ntsishais.
Tam sim no los txog theem ua ntej ntawm txoj haujlwm, yuav ua li cas kom cov xov hlau zoo nrog cov hlau soldering. Ib tug tseem ceeb (los yog ob peb) yog coj mus rau lub rosin, uas yog rhuab nrog ib tug soldering hlau taub. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov hlau uas huv huv yog immersed nyob rau hauv cov khoom molten kom cov tub ntxhais yog tag nrho npog nrog nws.
Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, qhov tseeb tinning nws tus kheej ua raws. Ntawd yog, ib daim ntawm solder yog ntes nrog ib tug sting (ntau dua precisely, ib tug poob), thiab cov khoom yog kis thoob plaws hauv lub core. Nws kis tau sai sai thiab ntim cov txheej txheem ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, npog nws nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm cov hlau tshiab.
Yuav kom faib cov solder sai dua, tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tig. Lub suab nrov ntawm cov leeg yog ploj mus. Ib tug zoo silvery xim tshwm. Yog li, tag nrho cov xov hlau uas tau npaj los txuas yuav tsum tau ua tiav.
Kev sib txuas
Qhov tseeb tam sim no los ntawm cov txheej txheem soldering nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov neeg xyuas pib yog folded ua ke nrog cov cores (ib qho mus rau lwm qhov). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tib lub sij hawm lawv nyob ze. Yog tias qhov kev sib txuas cuam tshuam rau qhov ntev ntawm cov cores, ces lawv tuaj yeem ua ntej sib tw ua ke.
Tam sim no nws tseem yuav lob tus ntiv tes xoo. Nws yog nias tawm tsam qhov taw tes soldering. Tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb rau ntawm no, vim hais tias ib qho poob ntawm cov hlau yuav yaj cov khoom siv tinning thiab txhua yam yuav raug txuas mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas monolithic. Thiab thaum lub solder npog tag nrho cov kev sib tshuam, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tiav.
Cov xaim, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum khaws cia ua ke rau qee lub sijhawm kom cov khoom txias. Yuav kom ceev cov txheej txheem no, solder tuaj yeem ua tautshuab.
Soldering tooj liab xaim nrog txhuas hlau
Thaum txheeb xyuas lub ntsiab lus ntawm yuav ua li cas kom raug cov xov hlau zoo nrog cov hlau nplaum nrog rosin, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj xwm txheej yuav tsum tau txhuas ua ke nrog lwm cov reactive hlau ncaj qha! Thiab tooj liab tsuas yog hais txog ntau yam khoom siv. Aluminium thiab tooj liab conductors tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum tau soldered, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsuas txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha.
Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov hlau no muaj qhov sib txawv thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Thaum ib qho tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov hlau txhuas, cov hlau ua kom sov ntau dua thiab nthuav dav ntxiv vim nws qhov zoo. Raws li rau tooj liab, txawm hais tias cov hlau no kuj ua kom sov thiab nthuav dav, nws ua nws qeeb dua.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nthuav dav-kev cog lus tsis tu ncua, kev sib cuag tau tawg, thiab txawm tias nws ua tau zoo npaum li cas. Yog li ntawd, ib zaj duab xis yog tsim los tiv thaiv kev hla ntawm tam sim no. Yog li, cov xov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau no tsis txuas ncaj qha rau ib leeg.
