Cov nplais ntsej muag tau tshwm sim hauv khw muag khoom siv ntev heev, tab sis txog niaj hnub no nws tsis poob qhov tseeb. Nrog nws cov kev pab, qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw rau ntau lub hom phiaj yog tiav, qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog chav dej thiab chav dej.
Cov khoom no nrov heev nrog cov neeg siv khoom tsis yog los ntawm lub sijhawm, vim nws yog qhov zoo nkauj, ruaj khov thiab siv tau. Tso cov vuas yog tsis yooj yim dua li gluing wallpaper. Tsis tas yuav maj nrawm rau qhov teeb meem no. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev cai yuav tsum ua raws. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
Vim cov vuas
Tau mus xyuas lub khw, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam ntawm cov vuas vov uas sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Piv txwv li, cov vuas ceramic tuaj yeem nias thiab extruded. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ib lub khob noom cookie ntawm cov khoom siv av nplaum, thiab cov khoom siv raw yog zoo li tus yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom thiab dhau los ntawm lub taub hau extrusion. Thaum kawg, cov khoom yogcalibration ntaus ntawv. Xws li cov pobzeb yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tov, uas yog thawj zaug compacted thiab tom qab ntawd tsim los ntawm ib lub xovxwm nyob rau hauv siab.
Pobzeb kuj tuaj yeem glazed lossis tsis muaj enamel. Ntau yam tom kawg yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, feem ntau nws tsis muaj cov qauv zoo nkauj, nws yog dyed nrog cov xim thiab muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas sib xws hauv cov tuab. Raws li rau cov vuas glazed, ua ntej qhov kawg tua, lawv tau them nrog enamel, uas tso cai rau koj los tsim gloss, zoo nkauj qauv thiab xim. Lub qhov hws ntawm cov khoom no yog impenetrable, thiab qhov kawg nws tus kheej yog ib qho nyuaj.
Yog tias koj npaj rau tiling koj hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub hauv paus ruaj khov lossis ntxeem tau. Kev nqus noo noo yuav siab dua nrog nce porosity. Ntom lossis cov vuas muaj cov vuas muaj cov khoom pleev cov dej. Monocottura yog tsim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ib leeg. Nws yog ib qho tshiab technology tiav uas muaj kev ziab cov av nplaum sib tov, siv cov glaze rau qhov chaw qhuav thiab tua hauv ib qho mus.
Ob chav raug rho tawm haujlwm yog cov khoom siv bicottura uas muab cov khoom tiav ua tiav raws li cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau cov vuas nrog enamel. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, cov av nplaum sib tov yog nias thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd glaze yog siv rau saum npoo thiab qhov thib ob firing yog nqa tawm.
Porcelain stoneware yog tsim los ntawm nias lub khob noom cookie los ntawm kaolin, feldspars thiab quartz. Nws muaj homogeneous qauv, uas yog ze rauiav. Pem teb pobzeb tuaj yeem nqa nrog cov khoom siv clinker, uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom av nplaum nrog ntxiv ntawm:
- fireclay;
- flux;
- dyes.
Qhov no muaj qhov porosity tsawg, hnav tsis kam thiab lub zog, nrog rau kev tsis muaj zog rau cov tshuaj. Ntawm kev muag khoom kuj tseem muaj cov pobzeb xim av uas tsis muaj enamel, uas yog ib hom cotto. Cov khoom yog 3 cm los yog tsawg dua tuab thiab yog ua los ntawm av nplaum los ntawm extrusion.
Cov khoom yog qhov ntxeem tau, nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li, vim nws tsis tiv taus cov pa phem. Kev ua tiav ntawm kev tua ib leeg - metlakh pobzeb. Nws yog cov pobzeb unglazed ua los ntawm nias. Cov khoom muaj lub zog siab, hnav tsis kam ntawm cov qauv thiab ua haujlwm ntev, vim tias cov xim tshwm sim los ntawm thiab dhau.
Phab ntsa Cladding Technology
Tom qab kev npaj ntawm phab ntsa, koj tuaj yeem pib tiling tam sim ntawd. Cov qauv saum npoo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv pem teb, txiav txim siab qhov chaw tsim nyog rau nws. Yog hais tias qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw yog proportional rau qhov loj ntawm ib yam khoom, ces trimming cov khoom yuav tsis yuav tsum tau. Muab cov khoom tso rau ntawm phab ntsa yog nqa tawm ntawm kaum sab xis, uas pom pom ntawm qhov nkag.
Thaum thawj theem, kab ntsug tau teeb tsa rau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau sab qis kab rov tav raws tib phab ntsa. Lub ntsej muag yuav tsum pib ntawm qhov heevhauv qab los yog ntug ntawm lub da dej. Koj yuav tsum txav mus, tso kab tom qab kab. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas koj pib lub installation, ib tug ntoo lath yog glued nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm chav tsev, uas yuav ua raws li ib tug pab txhawb rau cov khoom.
Tom qab cov kua nplaum qhuav lawm, cov slats tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Thaum txhim kho cov vuas los ntawm chav da dej, chav da dej nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua kev txhawb nqa, rau qhov no nws yuav tsum tau txav mus deb thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau ruaj khov ntawm lub cim. Yuav kom cov vuas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau sib npaug, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kos cov kab tswj ntawm phab ntsa nrog tus cim, uas yuav ua rau thaj chaw.
Thaum tiling phab ntsa thiab cov plag tsev, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv rau cov cheeb tsam me me uas tsis pub tshaj 0.5 m 2, vim tias cov khoom sib xyaw sai sai poob nws cov khoom, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv. yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Daim ntawv thov yog nqa tawm nrog ib tug du nto ntawm lub spatula, thiab ces tus npaum li cas ntawm cov sib tov yuav raug tswj nrog ib tug serrated ntug.
Yog tias lub mortar dries tawm ua ntej lub cladding yog ntsia, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab ib tug tshiab lub tsho tiv no ntawm mortar. Cov pobzeb yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw, nws yuav tsum tau kho thiab tapping rau saum npoo nrog ib tug ntoo mallet. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov ua tiav yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nrog qib dab.
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm cov vuas, txoj cai no tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam nrog cov ntoo khaub lig yas uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov pob qij txha ntawm cov pobzeb. Qhov sib koom dav ntawm cov khoom nyob ib sab feem ntau yog 3 hli.
rau kev siv
Yog tias koj npaj yuav ua cov phab ntsa cladding ua raws li tus qauv kab pheeb ces kaum, txoj haujlwm yuav ua rau me ntsisnyuaj dua, thiab cov khoom siv yuav nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, sab nraud, qhov chaw zoo li no yuav zoo nkauj dua.
Cov khoom siv kom muaj nuj nqis
Ua ntej tiling hauv pem teb nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab seb yuav siv cov khoom siv ntau npaum li cas. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xam lub quadrature ntawm qhov chaw rau cladding thiab kwv yees tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txiav. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa, nrog rau qhov muaj obstacles, cov ces kaum, cov yeeb nkab tawm thiab protrusions hauv phab ntsa.
Nyob rau saum tus lej ntawm cov square metres, koj yuav tsum tau nqa ib qho ntxiv ntawm cov vuas. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov khoom siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los suav thaj tsam yuav tsum tau txiav, thiab tom qab ntawd thaj tsam ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Thawj tus nqi muab faib los ntawm qhov thib ob, uas yuav muab cov khoom lag luam.
Npaj av
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv cov vuas luaj ceramic rau sab hauv cladding thiab cov plag tsev, koj yuav tsum npaj qhov chaw. Nws yuav tsum muaj zog thiab txawm. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab rau qhov tseeb tias qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb tuaj yeem raug thaiv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tsuas yog thaum cov khoom tau muab tso rau ntawm ib txheej nyias ntawm cov nplaum.
Ua ntej yuav nteg, ib lub screed yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv pem teb, thiab ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub chav da dej thiab chav dej. Lub screed yuav qhuav los yogntub. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua rau mount cov vuas rau ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, uas yog npaj siv txoj kev ntub dej. Yog hais tias tiling hauv pem teb nrog cov vuas nplaum nrog rau qhov pib dismantling ntawm lub qub txheej, ces qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxiv leveled nrog cement mortar.
Rau phab ntsa tiling, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov txheej qub thiab siv plaster, txhawb lub hauv paus nrog kev tsim kho mesh. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov haujlwm no siv beacons. Putty yuav tsum tau tso tseg, vim nws tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ib qho zoo kawg nkaus du nto, uas impairs lub adhesion ntawm cov nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev sib ntsib hauv pem teb nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic muab rau kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov rooj zaum, cov chaw pib thiab cov platbands ntawm lub qhov rooj. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm av thiab hmoov av, ces coated nrog primer. Yog tias muaj kev xav txuag nyiaj los yog koj muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm cov pobzeb qub txheej, ces koj tuaj yeem hloov cov pobzeb yam tsis tau tshem ntawm cov qub cladding. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xyaum no tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej hnyav.
Npaj cov cuab yeej
Flooring nrog ceramic vuas yog nqa tawm tom qab npaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj:
- trowels;
- trowel;
- roj hmab spatula;
- theem me thiab nruab nrab;
- roj hmab mallet;
- pummet;
- cov thawv ntim khoom.
Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov pobzeb khov yuav tsis pw, yuav tsum tau txiav. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm uas tsis muajua tsis muaj pobzeb cutter, uas tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob lossis tshuab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov muaj cov hlau txiav los yog cov pliers, ntawv xuab zeb, cov ntaub ntawv koob loj thiab lub kaum sab xis.
pem hauv ntej
Tej hauv pem teb zoo li yooj yim dua, vim tias qhov tiav lawm yuav me dua. Thaum ua tiav, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov ntoo slats tsis tas yuav tsum tau, nrog rau lwm cov khoom pabcuam, vim tias cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub pob zeb, uas yuav tsum tau ua ntej leveled thiab ntxuav. Cov vuas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw pib, mus rau ntawm phab ntsa deb.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Tom qab tiling hauv pem teb, tawm ntawm qhov chaw rau cov tshuaj nplaum kom tawv rau ib hnub, ces koj tuaj yeem mus rau theem kawg. Cov pobzeb pobzeb yog ntxuav ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab sau nrog grout ntawm ib qho xim haum. Daim ntawv thov ntawm no sib tov yog nqa tawm nrog ib tug roj hmab spatula. Sai li lub grout dries, qhov tshaj yuav raug tshem tawm nrog ib daim txhuam cev yav tas los moistened nrog dej huv. Tom qab cov pob qij txha tau qhuav, qhov ua tiav saum npoo yog so ua ntej nrog ib daim txhuam cev tawv, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog cov ntaub mos muag.
Lub hauv paus hatch rau tiling yuav tsum ua tau raws li qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub rigidity ntawm lub Cheebtsam rau deformations. Lawv yuav tsum tiv taus kev puas tsuaj thiab muab lub zog txaus rau mounting vuas. Lwm qhov xwm txheej yog qhov geometry ntawm cov qauv. Yog los ntawm lub dav hlau tsim tau pomkev sib txawv, tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev tso cov vuas, lub meej mom ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev yuav raug hla tawm.
Qhia txog kev npaj ntawm lub hatch
Lub npog hauv pem teb yuav tsum tiv taus kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev taug kev thiab txav rooj tog, muaj lub suab nrov thiab cov cua sov rwb thaiv tsev kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv cov nplais pobzeb nplaum kom tiav cov pob zeb zoo li no, tom qab ntawd sab nrauv ntawm lub hau yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov hlau mesh, txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5 hli. Nws yog welded rau hauv ib tug ncej los ntawm ib tug semiautomatic ntaus ntawv. Kev txhawb zog yog tsis tsim nyog yog tias cov pobzeb yuav muab tso nrog cov reactive resin compound.
Zaj lus
Tom qab xav txog hom vuas rau hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus kheej. Tej zaum koj tsis npaj yuav faib nyiaj ntau dhau rau kev kho, ces koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov vuas unglazed. Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj dua, tus nqi qis dua ntawm kev ua tiav. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xaiv cov khoom. Tab sis thev naus laus zis ntawm tiling hauv pem teb tseem tsis hloov pauv.
