Cam khwb cia hlau kav dej: txoj kev teeb tsa, cov yeeb nkab loj, kev pabcuam lub neej

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 03:45

Cov tsos ntawm cov kav dej cam khwb cia hlau tsis zoo nkauj heev. Raws li txoj cai, cov qauv no tau teeb tsa hauv chav dej ntawm cov tsev ib txwm muaj los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Soviet Union. Ntau lub koom haum nrog cov tsev zoo li no. Tab sis tsis txhob underestimate cov kav dej ntawm hom no. Yog, nws tsis yog qhov txaus nyiam heev, tab sis nws yog kev ntseeg siab heev. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov ntxiv xwb. Tau kawg, nws kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo, thiab qee zaum lawv dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cia peb sim ua kom nkag siab ntau npaum li sai tau nrog tag nrho cov nuances ntawm cov kav dej cam khwb cia hlau.

Key Features

Cov kav dej phwj yog cov kav dej uas ua los ntawm cov hlau cam lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv network. Nws kuj tshwm sim tias qee hom tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim khoom me me ntawm qhov system, piv txwv li, riser. Hauv cov kav dej cam khwb cia hlau, cov kav dej yog ua los ntawm cov hlau grey. Hauv nws qhov chaw tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem centrifugal casting yog siv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kav dej no los ntawm corrosion, lawv tau them nrog bituminous mastic ntawm ob sab.

Pros of cam khwb cia hlau kav

Tau kawg, cov kav dej no muaj qis dua rau cov yas. Tab sis lawv muajmuaj cov yam ntxwv zoo, cov uas:

1. Piv rau lwm cov hlau, cov kav hlau cam tsis tshua muaj kev xeb.
2. Cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem tawg, kub resistant.
3. Cov khoom lag luam rau ntau dua 50 xyoo. Nrog kev saib xyuas maj mam, cov kav dej tuaj yeem kav 80 xyoo lossis ntau dua.
4. Ntau lub suab nrov heev.
5. Txhua qhov kub tsis muaj teeb meem.

Thiab qhov tsis zoo?

Tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau qhov nrov ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj no:

1. Tus nqi siab heev.
2. Vim qhov hnyav hnyav, txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho cov kav dej phwj yog qhov nyuaj.
3. cam khwb cia hlau yog cov khoom tawg yooj yim, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li txhua qhov kev ceev faj thaum ua haujlwm nrog nws. Ib qho txav tsis tu ncua thiab cov yeeb nkab yuav siv tsis tau.

Tim cov kav hlau cam

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ob hom cam khwb cia hlau kav yuav txawv, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv txoj kev sib txuas. Ua ntej, cov no yog cov kav dej sib txuas, feem ntau paub rau peb. Ntawm qhov kawg lawv muaj lub tswb, uas yog, me ntsis nthuav. Tsis muaj protrusions ntawm qhov kawg thib ob. Vim qhov kev tsim no, nws hloov tawm tias tus ntug du ntawm ib lub yeeb nkab tuaj yeem yooj yim ntsia tau rau hauv lub qhov (socket) ntawm qhov thib ob. Qhov kev sib txuas no zoo nkaus li zoo, tab sis nws nyuaj rau kev tswj xyuas ntau dua.

Thib ob, cov no yog cov kav dej tsis muaj qhov sib txuas uas siv cov clamps tshwj xeeb. Yog tias siv cov kav dej hauv cov cam khwb cia hlau sab hauv, ces nws yuav tsum tau npog cov pob qij txha. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev pabcuam thiabkho qhov system no yooj yim dua ua, txawm tias koj tus kheej tes.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias txawm hais tias hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov kav dej phwj tuaj, qhov kev sib tshuam yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, vim tias kev thaiv thiab lwm yam teeb meem feem ntau tshwm sim hauv nws. Vim li no, kev tshuaj xyuas hatches yuav tsum tau ua ib sab ntawm cov ntu ntawm cov kav dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm cov kav dej phwj tuaj, cov dej num ntawm lub qhov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yog pauv mus rau manholes.

hom kev sib txuas

Dhau li ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov kav dej, lawv kuj sib txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla. Siv rau hauv cov tsev nyob, 3 qhov ntau thiab tsawg feem ntau yog siv:

1. Diameter 150mm, phab ntsa thickness 5mm. Cov no yog siv thaum lawv nyob rau hauv siab load.
2. Cam khwb cia hlau yeeb nkab 100mm, phab ntsa thickness 4mm. Cov no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ris tsho uas tuaj ntawm chav dej.
3. 50mm, phab ntsa thickness 4mm. Feem ntau ntsia tau los hloov cov dej ntws los ntawm cov dab dej thiab cov dab ntxuav muag, nrog rau lwm qhov chaw.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum xaiv cov kav dej kom coj mus rau hauv tus account ob qho tib si tus qauv thiab txoj kev sib txuas. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom zoo. Nco ntsoov ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus no:

1. Yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj dab dej, qhov, lossis lwm yam tsis xws luag ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv.
2. Saib ntawm ntu ntawm cov raj xa dej, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm nws seb hom granularity ntawm cov khoom muaj. Nws yuav tsum txawm thiab ntiav.
3. phab ntsa tuab yuav tsum yog - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntsuas, raws liuas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov yeeb nkab zoo.

Cov kav dej li cas

Qhov tseeb, cov kav dej ua los ntawm cov hlau cam yog tam sim no tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev nyob hauv lub tebchaws, vim lawv muaj ntau yam tsis txaus. Peb tham txog lawv saum toj no. Tshwj xeeb, yog tias koj txiav txim siab los txhim kho cov kav dej hauv koj tus kheej, nws tsuas yog tsis tsim nyog siv cov kav hlau cam khwb cia. Ua ntej, koj xav tau kev ua haujlwm nplua nuj. Qhov thib ob, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los nqa thiab txuas cov kav dej ntawm koj tus kheej, koj yuav tau nrhiav kev pab.

Kev txhim kho cov kav hlau cam tsis sib txawv ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov yas lossis asbestos. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov cim hauv qhov chaw uas cov kav dej tau npaj yuav raug teeb tsa. Yog tias koj tab tom ua hauv pem teb screed, tawm ib qho chaw hauv qab tee txuas los ntawm riser. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tom qab tsis txhob ua txhaum lub ncaj ncees ntawm no heev tee thaum chim siab. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb cov yeeb nkab yuav kho li cas ntawm phab ntsa.

Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog clamps uas yuav tsum tau muab ntsia rau ntawm cov kav dej hauv qab cov yeeb nkab txuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov uas nyob ib sab fasteners ntawm ib leeg los ntawm 1-2 m, yog hais tias tus riser yog ntsug. Yog tias cov kav dej yog kab rov tav, ces qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum sib haum mus rau kaum npaug ntawm txoj kab uas hla.

Siv cov clamps, koj tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si nruj thiab tsis nruj. Hauv thawj kis, hlau clamps yuav tsum tau nruj kom nruj raws li qhov ua tau. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov yeeb nkab koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub roj hmab gasket. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, lub gasket tsis siv, thiab lub clamptsis nruj txhua txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov kav dej.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tswj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub riser mus rau phab ntsa - nws yuav tsum yog li 40 cm. Tab sis muaj lwm txoj kev kho cov yeeb nkab, thaum lawv muab zais rau hauv cov phab ntsa. Nws yog tsim nyog los ua strobes nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa raws li cov cim. Cov no yog cov channel uas nws qhov dav me ntsis loj dua li txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kav dej. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej tso rau hauv qhov zawj no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhwv tag nrho saum npoo nrog cov khoom muag.

Yog tias tsim nyog, cov kav dej yog qhwv nrog lub rwb thaiv tsev kub. Tam sim no nws raug tso cai siv plaster rau ntawm phab ntsa los npog lub strobe. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj nkaum lub kav dej los ntawm prying ob lub qhov muag. Tom qab xaiv txoj kev fastening, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog lub installation. Thawj kauj ruam, koj yuav tsum npaj tag nrho cov kab ke, kho cov clamps lossis ua strobes. Hauv kauj ruam thib ob, koj yuav tsum sau tag nrho cov kav dej. Txoj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb cov kav dej puas siv nrog lossis tsis muaj qhov (sockets).

Yuav txuas cov kav dej li cas? Basic Options

Yuav ua li cas txuas lub qhov (socket), koj yuav tsum ua raws li ntu no:

1. Twist 80mm resin daim kab xev rau hauv ib pob. Siv nws los qhwv lub ntug ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
2. Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau yav dhau los qhwv kawg, koj yuav tsum tau nruab cov yeeb nkab rau hauv lub qhov (socket) ntawm lwm tus.
3. Siv nqaim ntoo spatula thiab rauj, koj yuav tsum tau tsav lub tourniquet rau hauv lub qhov (socket) kom lub foob no tuav tsawg kawg yog 2/3 ntawm kev sib txuas.
4. Nco ntsoov tias qhov sib txawv yog tib yam ntawm lub qhov (socket) thiab cov yeeb nkab ntsia hauv nws.
5. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau cov sealant los ntawm saum toj no - nws tuaj yeem yog sulfur lossis cement, asbestos cement.

Cov kev daws teeb meem kawg yog siv yog tias koj xav tau kev sib txuas nruj tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nws yog qhov xav tau heev uas cov winding tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab. Qhov no yuav ua rau txhaws tam sim ntawd.

Raws li rau cov yeeb nkab socketless, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hom kev sib txuas, nws yog nqa tawm siv lub zog steel clamp. Lub cuff yog ntxig rau ntawm nws sab hauv. Cov kav dej yuav tsum tau sib koom ua ke, thiab kev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tau kho nrog qhov clamp no. Txog niaj hnub no, cov kav dej yas tau siv ntau dua rau kev tsim cov tshuab hauv tsev, lawv yooj yim dua rau mount. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tsev qub, cam khwb cia-hlau cov kav dej yog tseem siv. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj txiav txim siab los nruab cov yas, koj yuav tsum xub rhuav tshem.

Yuav ua li cas txiav cov kav hlau

Qee zaum koj yuav tsum txiav cov kav hlau cam. Txhawm rau ua qhov no thaum kho lossis teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee qhov algorithm. Txhawm rau ua txhua yam haujlwm kom raug raws li qhov ua tau, koj yuav tsum tau txais cov tsom iav, lub cim, lub ntsej muag thiab cov hniav, lossis lub saw nrog cov saw hlau. Cov txheej txheem txiav yog raws li nram no:

1. Ua ntej, cia peb saib yuav ua li cas txiav txiav nrog saw saw saw. Ua ntej, kos cov kab txiav nrog ib lub cim lossis chalk. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua kab yog ncaj.
2. Txiav cov yeeb nkab nrog saw. simua qhov yog thiab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov disks ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
3. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum nias lub tes tuav kom cov saw log txiav mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Thov nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tau ua qhov no ntau dua ib zaug txhawm rau txiav cov yeeb nkab kom tiav. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau tig me ntsis.
4. Ib yam li ntawd, txiav rau txhua qhov chaw uas tau cim yav dhau los.

Koj tuaj yeem siv lub hacksaw. Ua qhov no:

1. Muab cov hniav (ntev) rau hauv chav tsev thiab kho nws. Feem ntau, cov hniav muaj carbide lossis pob zeb diamond suav nrog uas tso cai rau kev txiav yooj yim ntawm cov hlau nyuaj.
2. Tsim cov chaw uas koj yuav tsum tau txiav cov yeeb nkab. Khaws cov kab ncaj nraim thiab kho cov yeeb nkab kom ruaj khov. Thov ib tug txhawb nqa nws thaum txiav.
3. Txiav nrog lub hacksaw. Yog tias qhov no yog 100 hli cam khwb cia hlau yeeb nkab, ces nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau txiav nws. Tom qab tag nrho, nws muaj phab ntsa tuab ntawm tsuas yog 4 hli (qhov 150th muaj 1 hli ntxiv, yog li nws yuav siv zog ntau heev).

Dab tsi nuances los xav txog thaum txuas cam khwb cia-hlau socket kav

Ntau zaus, thaum txhim kho cov kav dej phwj tuaj, cov kav dej yog siv uas muaj lub qhov (socket) ntawm ib kawg. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv lawv, ces koj yuav tau ua cov nram qab no manipulations:

1. Ua ntej, ntxuav lub flare thiab ntug ntawm ob lub yeeb nkab du kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob. Ua tib zoo saib seb puas muaj qhov tsis xws luag lossis lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
2. Nruab qhov (nqus) kawg ntawm ib lub yeeb nkab rau hauv lub qhov (socket) thib ob.
3. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum ua kom nruj ntawm kev sib txuas. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau hammer rau hauv lub tswb. Saib xyuas kom tsis txhob tau txais cov khoom hauv cov yeeb nkab. Tab sis cov txheej txheem rau kev txuas cov kav dej cam khwb cia hlau tsis dhau.
4. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau sau cov seem ntawm qhov chaw nrog cov cement mortar. Nws raug pom zoo kom siv tsuas yog M300 lossis M400 hom. Cement yog diluted hauv dej hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 9 txog 1.
5. Cov tshuaj yog nchuav rau hauv lub qhov (socket), tom qab ntawd cov sib koom ua ke yog npog nrog cov teeb meem (zoo dua ntub dej). Thov nco ntsoov tias silicone-raws li sealant tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov cement, thiab bituminous mastics kuj siv tau.

Cov nuances ntawm kev sib txuas cov kav dej du

Raws li peb tau sau tseg ua ntej, lawv tau txuas nrog tshwj xeeb couplings, hla, khoov. Xws li cam khwb cia hlau fittings tuaj yeem pom ntawm muag. Txoj kev sib txuas yog nyob ntawm ntau yam tsis muaj, nrog rau txoj kab uas hla. Tab sis tseem, qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws yog clutch, uas tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam:

1. Cylindrical. Qhov no yog siv yog cov kav dej ntawm tib txoj kab uas hla. Muaj ib tug xov nyob rau hauv lub coupling.
2. Futorka yog siv rau cov tshuab cua sov, qhov tseeb, nws yog tib lub tog raj kheej, tab sis nws kuj muaj cov xov sab nraud.
3. Ob lub tog raj kheej - hom kev sib txuas no yog siv yog tias tsim nyog los koom nrog cov kav dej sib txawv. Lub tog raj kheej kuj tseem muaj cov xov sab hauv.

Yog muajtsim nyog, ces ib tug cam khwb cia hlau tee yog ntsia rau lub kav dej. Nws tso cai rau koj txuas ntau qhov chaw pov tseg rau cov riser.

txheej txheem ntawm docking tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev, ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia nyob deb npaum li cas cov kav dej yuav nkag mus rau qhov sib txuas. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov pob qij txha yuav tsum kom meej meej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub coupling. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nruab cov kav dej. Silicone lossis bituminous compounds tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev nruj. Kuj tseem muaj lwm yam khoom siv rau kev sib txuas - cov no yog eeb, tees, crosses, ntau yam cam khwb cia hlau fittings. Yog li, nws tsis yooj yim los xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo.

Yuav ua li cas txuas cov kav dej yas thiab cam khwb cia hlau

Ntau zaus thaum kho yuav tsum tau koom nrog cov yeeb nkab yas thiab cam khwb cia hlau. Ntawm chav kawm, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxig ib qho mus rau lwm qhov, thiab sau qhov sib koom ua ke nrog cov cement. Tab sis cov yas yuav pib deform. Qhov no yuav ua rau muaj qhov xau tuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhov chaw docking yog kaw kom zoo zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom siv sib txawv yog siv, lawv nthuav dav sib txawv nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, depressurization yuav tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev xau. Vim li no, kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov kav dej cam khwb cia hlau raug txo. Qee zaum, cov tshuab txawm yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj ob txoj hauv kev los koom nrog cam khwb cia-hlau thiab cov kav dej yas. Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm seb puas muaj lub tswb lossis tsis. Cia peb hais tias koj muaj lub qhov (socket) hauv koj cov kav dej phwj tuaj, yog li nws txaus los yuav ib lub adapter tshwj xeeb. Nws yog koj uas tau yooj yim nruab nws nyob rau hauv lub qhov (socket). Ntawmadapters muaj txoj kab uas hla zoo ib yam li cov kav dej txheem ntawm cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom tsis yog tus qauv. Nws yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub qhov (socket) uas tau ntxuav ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coated nrog silicone sealant. Thiab tom qab ntawd tus adapter no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kav dej yas.

Yog tias tsis muaj lub qhov (socket) hauv cov kav dej phwj tuaj, ces koj yuav tau siv ob lub adapters ntawm qhov sib txawv. Ib lub roj hmab adapter yog muab tso rau ntawm lub cam khwb cia hlau yeeb nkab. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv thiab tsis huv. Ib tug yas yog muab tso rau saum lub roj hmab adapter. Cov kav dej phwj yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv nws xwb. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias tag nrho cov kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug sealant. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog to, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tsis kaj siab tsw.

Yog lawm, kev sib txuas cov yeeb nkab ua tiav. Los ntawm txoj kev, xws li kev sib txuas yog yooj yim heev rau disassemble yog tias tsim nyog. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev teeb tsa cov kav dej cam khwb cia hlau yog qhov yooj yim heev, tab sis koj yuav tau ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg.