Txiv lws suav yog cov zaub uas nrov tshaj plaws. Lawv muaj cov saj zoo heev, ua tsaug uas lawv tuaj yeem noj tau ob qho tib si nyoos thiab siv los khaws thiab npaj ntau yam tais diav, xws li zaub xam lav zoo tib yam rau cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo heev. Txiv lws suav yog muag nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub khw muag khoom noj, tab sis lawv yuav noj qab nyob zoo thiab tastier yog tias koj loj hlob lawv koj tus kheej hauv koj lub vaj. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus neeg cog zaub tau koom nrog kev loj hlob txiv lws suav. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias cov txheej txheem no tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb, txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau sau qoob loo zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Txhua novice gardener yuav tsum paub thaum twg sow txiv lws suav rau seedlings. Cia peb sim nkag siab txhua yam ntawm cov txiv lws suav loj hauv tsev.
Npaj cov noob rau cog
Yog li koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog qhov no? Thaum loj hlob txiv lws suav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev tsis tsuas yog yuav tsum paub nyob rau hauv lub caij twg los sowtxiv lws suav rau seedlings, tab sis kuj muaj ib lub tswv yim txog kev npaj cov khoom cog. Ob qho tag nrho cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo thiab cov feem pua ntawm cov noob germination nyob ntawm qhov no. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tam sim ntawd tias rau qhov no koj yuav tau siv qee lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yuav txaus siab rau koj.
Cov neeg cog zaub tshiab feem ntau sau cov noob los ntawm cov txiv lws suav siav, qhuav lawv nyob rau hauv lub hnub, thiab qhov no yog qhov uas tag nrho cov kev npaj ntawm cog cov khoom xaus. Qee tus yuav germinate, tab sis cov qoob loo yuav qis, thiab cov zaub zoo yuav tsis zoo.
Txhawm rau kom cov noob muaj zog thiab noj qab haus huv, tiv taus cov kab tsuag thiab ntau yam kab mob, cov neeg ua teb paub txog pom zoo ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no:
- Cov noob yuav tsum tau xaiv tsuas yog los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev mob. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhuav tsis nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav tsev nrog zoo cua ncig thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tsis pom zoo kom tso cov khoom cog rau hauv tshav ntuj ncaj qha.
- txhawm rau xaiv cov noob zoo xwb, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb, rau kev npaj ntawm ib qho teaspoon ntawm cov ntsev zoo tib yam yog yaj hauv dej sov thiab infused rau 10 feeb. Cov noob uas ntab mus rau saum npoo tuaj yeem muab pov tseg, vim lawv tsis zoo li yuav tawg, thiab cov txiv lws suav yuav tsis zoo.
- Ua tib zoo saib qhov loj ntawm cov khoom cog. Qhov loj ntawm cov noob, cov vitamins thiab cov as-ham ntau dualawv muaj. Xws li cov khoom cog yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
- Tom qab koj xaiv thiab qhuav cov noob, lawv yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv hnab yas. Kev khaws cia yuav tsum nyob ntawm chav tsev kub, tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb. Yog hais tias cov khoom cog tau nyob rau hauv txias rau lub sij hawm ntev, ces ob peb hnub ua ntej sowing nws yuav tsum tau warmed. Ua li no, qhwv cov noob rau hauv daim ntaub thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub roj teeb.
Tsuas ua raws li cov lus qhia no, koj tuaj yeem cog cov noob tau zoo thiab sau qoob loo nplua nuj, cua thiab noj qab haus huv.
Technological process
Nws suav nrog dab tsi?
Kev cog txiv lws suav rau cov yub yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- qhuav noob;
- xaiv cov khoom cog;
- decontamination;
- soaking;
- germination;
- kev nyuaj siab.
Cov theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tua kab mob thiab ua kom tawv ntawm cov khoom cog. Qhov tshaj plaws yog tias cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws uas cov txiv lws suav tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov noob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ailments muaj peev xwm ciaj sia txawm nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyuaj rau lub sij hawm ntev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txiv lws suav seedlings kom zoo nyob rau hauv tsev, cov noob yuav tsum tau disinfected. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, preheated rau 40 degrees. Cov khoom cog tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv nws li ob peb feeb, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3 txog 7 yuav txaus.
Kev paubagronomists kuj pom zoo kom muab cov noob rau hauv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hnub ua ntej sowing. Cov nyiaj zoo sib xws yog muag hauv ib lub khw tshwj xeeb. Yog koj tsis xav siv nyiaj ces koj siv tau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab.
Npaj cov noob rau sowing
Nov yog ib theem tseem ceeb. Yuav kom cov noob txiv lws suav rau seedlings kom germinate sai, nws yog pom zoo kom soak lawv rau 10 teev ua ntej sowing nyob rau hauv ib tug dog dig dej sov sov. Cov khoom cog yog sib npaug ntawm cov ntaub qhwv, dov rau hauv ob peb txheej, thiab muab tso rau hauv cov kua. Tom qab ib nrab lub sijhawm, cov dej hloov pauv thiab cov txheej txheem rov ua dua ib zaug ntxiv.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom sow cov noob tam sim ntawd hauv tsev cog khoom lossis lub vaj txaj, vim tias qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov no tsawg kawg nkaus. Lawv yuav tsum xub tau germinated nyob rau hauv chav tsev. Rau qhov no, ib lub thawv me me yog muab, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov ntaub qhwv ntub yog muab tso rau. Cov khoom cog yog sib npaug ntawm nws, thiab cov tais diav tau muab tso ze ntawm lub roj teeb lossis hauv qhov chaw sov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhov kub ntawm cov noob yuav germinate yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 20 degrees. Raws li txoj cai, thawj sprouts tawg tom qab 5 hnub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv tseem ntub.
Txhawm rau kom cov txiv lws suav hauv Urals lossis lwm thaj chaw ntawm Russia nrog kev nyab xeeb hnyav kom loj hlob thiab txhim kho ib txwm, thiab tsis txhob ntshai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txias, nws raug nquahu kom khov nws. Rau qhov no, cov khoom cog yog muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees rau ob peb hnub thaum hmo ntuj, yog tias muaj, hauvcompartment rau zaub. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hardening yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau kom cov txiv lws suav tsis zoo rau tej yam tsis zoo ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj yuav ho nce yield.
Soil npaj
Kev cog txiv lws suav rau cov yub yog nqa tawm tsis hais hom av, vim tias cov qoob loo no tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab xav tias zoo nyob rau txhua qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom cov saj thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov txiv lws suav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog lawv ntawm cov substrates tshwj xeeb uas koj tuaj yeem yuav tom khw lossis ua koj tus kheej. Peat av hom zoo tagnrho.
Txhawm rau npaj cov substrate nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum sib tov loamy av nrog humus thiab ntxiv cov organic chiv rau lawv. Txiv lws suav seedlings muaj ib tug heev ilv paus system, yog li ntawd lawv yuav loj hlob zoo dua yog hais tias cov av yog ntau fluffy. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qee cov sawdust zoo ib yam rau hauv substrate.
Raws li kev yuav av, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau coke sib tov. Lawv nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov as-ham thiab tseem tiv thaiv cov hauv paus rot. Tsis tas li ntawd, niaj hnub kev paub, uas qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev loj hlob seedlings ntawm ntau yam zaub qoob loo hauv tsev, yog cov tshuaj peat tshwj xeeb. Yog tias koj germinate cov noob nrog lawv cov kev pab, ces nws yuav tsis tsim nyog mus dhia txiv lws suav thaum transplanting mus rau lub vaj.
Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog cov ntim cov noob
Siav txiv lws suav rauseedlings yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntim, vim ntau nyob ntawm qhov no. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau sowing noob:
- thawv ntoo;
- cov tais yas;
- paj lauj kaub;
- peat ntsiav tshuaj;
- khob yas.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab ntawm no tias txhua hom tais diav muaj qee qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov tub rau khoom thiab cov tais yog qhov ua tau zoo dua. Lawv tsuas yog zoo meej rau kev loj hlob seedlings nyob rau hauv loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj qhov loj me me thiab thauj tau zoo yog tias tsim nyog, thiab lawv cov nqi kuj tsawg. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug drawback. Xws li cov thawv muaj qhov tob tob, thiab tsis muaj qhov chaw txaus hauv lawv rau kev tsim cov hauv paus noj qab haus huv, yog li cov yub yuav tsum tau dhia dej. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev thaum ua qhov no, vim nws yog qhov teeb meem zoo rau kev cais cov cag ntawm cov yub sib txawv yam tsis ua rau lawv puas tsuaj.
Nws yuav yooj yim dua yog tias cov noob txiv lws suav hauv tsev tau cog rau hauv cov kab tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom sib faib uas yooj yim heev rau kev dhia dej. Tab sis thaum yuav cov thawv no, ceev faj. Zam cov khoom tsim los ntawm PVC vim nws muaj cov tshuaj lom uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws uas sib xyaw ua haujlwm siab, tus nqi pheej yig thiab siv tau zoo yuav yog paj lauj kaub thiab khob pov tseg. Nyob rau hauv lawv, txiv lws suav seedlings tuaj yeem loj hlob kom txog thaum transplanted mus rau lub vaj. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm xws lintim khoom yog tias lawv siv ntau qhov chaw, thiab nws tseem muaj teeb meem los hloov lawv ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv cov tais diav, tom qab ntawd hauv qab koj yuav tsum ua qhov me me kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntau dhau.
Peat ntsiav tshuaj yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws uas pom zoo los ntawm feem ntau agronomists. Lawv tsim cov hauv paus muaj zog thiab noj qab haus huv, yog li cov yub tau zoo tshaj plaws, muab kev sau zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nqi yog siab heev, yog li lub thawv no tsis yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws.
Sau noob
Ntau tus neeg pib ua haujlwm pib xav paub thaum twg cog txiv lws suav rau seedlings. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua qhov no nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Peb Hlis, nyob ib ncig ntawm 15-20. Thawj sprouts yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub lis piam, thiab lub caij loj hlob yuav tuaj nyob rau hauv ob lub hlis. Tom qab 7 hnub ntxiv, nws yuav muaj peev xwm mus dhia dej, thiab twb nyob rau lub Rau Hli, cov yub yuav npaj txhij rau cog hauv lub vaj.
Sowing noob yog nqa tawm mus rau qhov tob ntawm ib centimeter nyob rau hauv pre-moistened av. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tawm 5 centimeters nruab nrab ntawm lawv kom lub hauv paus system ntawm txhua sprout hlob zoo thiab tsis intertwine nrog ib leeg. Cov tais diav uas cov noob tau sown yog npog nrog iav lossis yas qhwv, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv chav sov. Cov huab cua kub hauv nws yuav tsum tsis txhob poob qis dua 20 degrees. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, cov noob yuav tawg hauv ib lub lis piam.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cog txiv lws suav rau cov yub raws li hnub hli yuav ua tau zoo heev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntev ua pov thawj tias tsim tauzaub qoob loo ntau heev nyob ntawm seb lub cev xilethi-aus nyob rau theem twg. Qhov kev xav no tau qhia los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij agronomists koom nrog hauv kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov txiv lws suav ntawm kev lag luam.
kev saib zaub zoo
Tom qab cov noob germinate, lub lauj kaub nrog cov noob yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau ib qho chaw txias nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Cov huab cua kub hauv nws yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 14 txog 16 degrees Celsius. Yog hais tias chav tsev nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tsev thiab ib qho me me ntawm lub hnub ci nkag mus rau hauv nws, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog cov teeb. Kev ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thoob plaws hauv lub asthiv. Lub sijhawm no cov noob yuav txaus kom muaj zog. Cov nroj tsuag raug xa rov qab mus rau lub tsev nyob, uas tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 20 degrees.
Txiv lws suav yuav tsum tau ywg dej raws sijhawm, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau. Thaum xub thawj, ib zaug ib lub lim tiam yuav txaus, tab sis tom qab ntawd tus naj npawb ntawm cov sij hawm maj mam nce. Ua li no, siv dej ntawm chav tsev kub. Ua ntej thawj sprouts tshwm, cov av yog txau nrog ib rab phom.
Tomato Dive
txheej txheem no yog ib qho yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txiv lws suav loj hlob hauv tsev, tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov hauv paus system ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab nws siv, cov yub pib hauv paus zoo dua ntawm qhov qhib hauv av thiab hloov mus sai sai rau cov xwm txheej tshiab.nyob.
Kev dhia dej yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 10 hnub tom qab cov noob germination. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov lus qhia thoob ntiaj teb ntawm no, txij li cov txiv lws suav loj hlob yuav tsum muaj ib tus neeg mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam. Cov kws paub txog gardeners hais tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum cog cov yub hauv cov thawv cais tom qab thawj nplooj puv puv tau tsim rau nws.
Thaum dhia dej, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo txheeb cov khoom cog. Tsuas yog cov txiv lws suav zoo tshaj plaws thiab noj qab nyob zoo tau raug xaiv, thiab tag nrho cov sluggish tua raug pov tseg, vim tias tsis yog lawv yuav tsis muab qoob loo zoo, tab sis lawv tsuas yog tsis muaj sia nyob.
Ob peb hnub ua ntej kev hloov pauv, cov av me ntsis moistened. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj mus rau effortlessly tau seedlings tawm hauv av yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau hauv paus system. Rau kev dhia dej, cov tais loj dua yog siv. Piv txwv li, lub raj mis yas uas lawv lub caj dab txiav tawm yog qhov zoo heev.
Seedling hardening
Yog li, txheej txheem no yog dab tsi? Yog li ntawd cov kab lis kev cai tsis tuag los ntawm qhov txias thaum hloov mus rau lub vaj, nws yuav tsum tau hardened. Yog tias cov qoob loo loj hlob nyob rau lub Ob Hlis, nws tsis pom zoo kom nqa cov txiv lws suav rau hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, vim tias yuav muaj qhov kub thiab txias poob uas lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem muab cov txiv lws suav tso rau hauv lub tub yees rau ob peb teev, raws li tau hais ua ntej. Yog hais tias koj sowed lub noob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Lub peb hlis ntuj, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj huab cua sab nraum twb ntau dua los yog tsawg haum, ces lub seedlings yog watered thiab muab tso rau sab nraum ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog tso cai yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub tsawg kawg yog 10 degrees siab duaxoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog txwv tsis pub tawm hauv cov thawv nrog cov yub hauv lub hnub ncaj qha, vim lawv tsuas yog ci. Thaum tsaus ntuj, cov noob raug coj rov qab rau hauv chav. Kub yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog ob lub lis piam.
tiv thaiv kab mob
Yog li, peb twb tau tham txog thaum twg yuav tseb txiv lws suav rau cov noob. Tam sim no nws tsuas yog xav txog cov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb uas yuav txo tau qhov yuav ua rau cov txiv lws suav puas los ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog kab mob viral thiab fungal. Txhawm rau txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, txiv lws suav yuav tsum tau kho nrog fungicides. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau loosen hauv av ib ntus, tshem tawm cov nplooj tsaus nti hauv lub sijhawm, thiab tseem, ua ntej hloov mus rau hauv av qhib, ntxiv me ntsis daws ntawm tooj liab sulfate thiab tshuaj tsuag cov noob nrog 5% xim av kua. Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv no, koj yuav tau cog qoob loo zoo uas txhua tus yuav khib.
Yog li, raws li tau hais tawm, cog txiv lws suav tsis nyuaj. Yuav kom tau txais cov qoob loo zoo, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum xaiv ntau yam uas haum rau cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom raug, uas yog, tiv thaiv los ntawm tshav ntuj, watered thiab pub raws sijhawm.
