Substation yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav hauv kev xa hluav taws xob thiab kev faib khoom. Nrog nws cov kev pab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj xyuas tam sim no, nws hloov dua siab tshiab thiab txais tos yog siv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov haujlwm no thiab lwm yam haujlwm yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov kev tsim kho ntawm lub substation tau ua tiav zoo npaum li cas, nrog rau nws txoj kev sib txuas rau cov kab hluav taws xob.
Substation tsim kev tsim kho
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tau npaj ua ntej rau kev tsim qauv:
- Cov ntsiab lus siv rau kev tsim kho qhov chaw.
- Daim duab kos thiab kwv yees.
- sijhawm tsim kho.
- Npaj rau kev teeb tsa, kev teeb tsa thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub substation.
- Qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim kho tshuab.
- Technological scheme ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
- Daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau siv hauvthaum tsim kho.
- Txoj kev siv dej hauv av qhia txog daim ntawv qhia kev hla ntawm cov kab, kab dej thiab cov kav dej.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, qhov project transformer substation yog tsim, uas piav qhia txog lub koom haum daim ntawv qhia kev ua haujlwm. Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv, cov txheej txheem kev npaj, kev thauj mus los ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, thiab lwm yam. Cais, cov kev xav tau rau engineering thiab kev sib txuas lus txhawb nqa, kev huv huv thiab kev nyab xeeb yog qhia. Tshwj xeeb, cov kev tsis sib xws ntawm txoj kev, txuas hniav, ntaiv, chav dej, hluav taws xob tua hluav taws, thiab lwm yam tau piav qhia.
Ntau yam ntawm substations
Qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim qauv kuj txiav txim siab qib ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom. Raws li cov theem ntawm cov complexity ntawm zus tau tej cov kev ua ub no, cov nram qab no hom ntawm transformer substations yog txawv:
- Easy. Cov qauv uas nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 35 txog 154 kV. Cov no yog cov chaw ua haujlwm ntau tshaj plaws, kev tsim kho uas tau ua nyob rau hauv 1-3 lub hlis los ntawm ib pab neeg ua haujlwm.
- Cov khoom ntawm qhov nruab nrab nyuaj (voltage nws txawv ntawm 220 txog 500 kV). Kev ua haujlwm suav nrog ntau pab pawg tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm 3 txog 14 lub hlis.
- Tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom nyuaj ua haujlwm nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 750 kV. Kev tsim kho tau ua tiav ntau xyoo los ntawm lub koom haum tshwj xeeb.
Yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw rau lub chaw ua haujlwm substation
Kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yav tom ntej rau kev tsim kho hluav taws xob substations yog ua los ntawm kev npaj tswv yim rau kev tsim kho thaj chaw hauv zos, suav nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, raws li kev cai huv thiab kab mob sib kis, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm transformer substation mus rau ib lub tsev nyob yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 3 m, yog hais tias peb tham txog cov khoom ntawm hluav taws kub tsawg los yog nruab nrab. Nyob ntawm cov suab nrov tau npaj los ntawm cov chaw hloov pauv hloov pauv, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus qauv nrug mus rau cov tsev nyob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5-10 m.
Cov kev xav tau rau kev tsim ntawm substation nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws lub zog efficiency kuj coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias ua tau, cov qauv no yuav tsum nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txoj kev, engineering network, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, ua ntej kev tsim kho, kev tsim kho av tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw yog nqa tawm rau yav tom ntej kev tsim kho ntawm lub substation. Cov npe ntawm kev npaj ua ub no feem ntau suav nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv av - piv txwv li, tshem cov ntoo, tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag, ua kom thaj av, khawb lub hauv paus pit.
Av xav tau rau kev tso chaw substation
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av, qhov chaw raug xaiv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog engineering thiab geodetic ntawm thaj chaw, uas suav nrog seismological, geological thiab hydrological cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv particular, kev tsim kho ntawm substations yog tso cai rau unsuitable rauKev ua liaj ua teb ntawm thaj av - nrog rau thaj chaw sab nraud uas muaj kev lag luam lossis ntuj tsim muaj kuab lom.
Hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj dej hauv av, qib dej hauv av yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Nws tsis raug tso cai tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev yaig, nyob ze cov dej ntws thiab cov pas dej. Txawm hais tias nws tau npaj los tsim kom muaj qhov chaw nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw dej hiav txwv, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm dej nyab los ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm ntuj raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias muaj kev phom sij zoo li no, tom qab ntawd, raws li qhov kawg, kev tsim kho kom zoo ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tsim cov slopes los ntawm geogrid los yog lwm yam dej-strengthening system. Tab sis xws li kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev npaj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov av uas xav tau lub hauv paus kim, yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Tshaj lub hauv paus rau substation
Vim peb tab tom tham txog cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo, cov qauv yooj yim ntawm lub hauv paus platform yog siv. Cov no suav nrog cov pob zeb txuas ntxiv thiab cov txheej txheem pawg, uas tau muab tso rau npog tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm lub hom phiaj. Pw lub hauv paus, piv txwv li, muaj cov duab ntawm tsab ntawv T thiab muab tso rau kab rov tav nyob rau saum npoo - kom lub cev ntawm lub substation yog ntxiv dag zog rau vertically. Monolithic reinforced pob zeb platforms tau muab tso rau ntawm thaj chaw tiaj tus, thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm qhov teeb meem, nws raug tso cai rau nruab kev txhawb nqa.rods.
Tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi tsim nyog lub hauv paus thev naus laus zis yog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kabmob ntsaws cov kabmob. Lub installation yog siv los ntawm screwing nyob rau hauv steel kav, tom qab uas ib tug grillage yog mounted, nyob rau hauv uas kev tsim kho ntawm substations thiab cov tsev nyob ib sab yog nqa tawm. Qhov kev xaiv no kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws txoj kev siv ntau yam, vim nws tso cai rau kev tsim kho ntawm txhua hom av tshwj tsis yog pob zeb. Kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub hauv paus ntsia hlau yog ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev sau cov yeeb nkab kab noj hniav nrog cov pob zeb thiab tom qab khi nrog ib lub teeb lossis cov channel. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, nyob ntawm qhov txaus ntshai, qee zaum cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab laj kab raug teeb tsa.
Kev tsim kho ntawm qhov qauv
Kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis muab rau kev teeb tsa lub tsev thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub hauv paus. Functional blocks yog mounted ntawm lub hauv paus siv hlau profiles, ties thiab thauj tog rau nkoj sib txuas. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, uas ua kom muaj kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem blocks ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub transformer substation yog ntsia siv hlua winches los yog txhais tau tias ntawm tshwj xeeb trolleys. Qee lub sij hawm ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev siv cuab yeej cuab tam yog sab laug ntawm lub substation unit thiab lub hauv paus. Nws txaus siab rau tus qauv stands lossis racks. Yog tias siv lub pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, ces ib qho tshwj xeeb thav duab yog welded rau nws, uas yuav ua raws li lub hauv paus nruab nrab rau cov qauv.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke lub substation,kev sib txuas ntawm voltage winding ua rau switchgears. Nrog kev pab los ntawm compression daim hlau, hluav taws xob mounting busbars yog nteg. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho av ib feem ntawm lub transformer substation, qhov coincidence ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug axes ntawm hluav taws xob tiv tauj yuav tsum tau xyuas. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias ua ntej kev teeb tsa ntawm cov blocks ua haujlwm, cov thev naus laus zis txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav tsum raug tshem tawm thiab ntxuav. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau pawg neeg teeb tsa kom raug teeb tsa cov qauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm raws li daim duab thaiv rau kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.
Kev txhim kho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv substation
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug xa mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho thiab teeb tsa hauv tsev. Lawv tau bolted ua ke, interconnected los ntawm busbars, ces cables tau nteg thiab cov cuab yeej kho dua.
Nyob hauv thaj chaw uas qhov kev teeb tsa tau ua tiav, kev ua tiav yuav tsum ua kom tiav. Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov duab kos, cov kab hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau. Rau cov cuab yeej kaw, nws tau npaj los npog nrog cov cement screeds thiab slabs. High voltage input yog nqa tawm ob qho tib si los ntawm underground cables nyob rau hauv muab raws, thiab los ntawm overhead kab.
Fais fab transformers tuaj yeem tuav tau ntau chav, uas yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov qauv tsim. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm lub substation, muaj peev xwm kho lub transformer ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hauv paus los yog nyob rau hauv lub cab kuj substrate yuav tsum tau technically xav. cais chavmuab rau lub installation ntawm switchgear. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog txuas nrog cov khoom siv hauv av los ntawm kev vuam. Rau kev cog hauv av, cov log tsheb tshwj xeeb tau tsim ua ntej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov strips nrog ib ntu ntawm 40 x 4 mm. Los ntawm lawv, qhov xaus yog ua rau lub transformer.
Txhim kho cov tshuab rau substation tus kheej xav tau
Txawm hais tias hom substation, nws yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej kev sib txuas lus infrastructure - ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw lossis nyob deb. Ntxiv mus, qhov chaw no yuav tsum tau suav tsuas yog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub substation yam tsis tau muab cov neeg siv khoom thib peb. Lub zog hluav taws xob muab cov kab kev pabcuam rau ntau yam blocks, ntu thiab nodes ntawm chaw nres tsheb. Rau qhov no, cables thiab ib lub voj hauv av yog nteg nyob rau hauv ib qho kev cais cais. Lub hwj chim rov qab channel tseem txuas nrog rau cov chaw nres tsheb uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 330 kV lossis ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ywj pheej. Nws tsis yog tsim los rau lub zog tas mus li - tsuas yog rau kev siv tshuab ib ntus lossis kev ua haujlwm kub ntxhov.
Kev tsim kho cov chaw pabcuam
Qhov chaw no suav nrog cov chaw siv roj. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov infrastructure yog tsim los ntawm ruaj ruaj ruaj reservoir ntawm turbine roj. Qhov ntim ntawm cov kua dej yuav tsum yog 110% ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm ib qho chaw substation. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem npaj turbine reservoirs, ces kev lag luam roj yuav tsum yogteem rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb platform nrog ib tug canopy. Cov thoob nrog cov txheej txheem ua kua tsim nyog rau kev muab cov chav nyob thiab cov rooj sib txoos ntawm cov transformer substation tau muab tso rau ntawm no. Kev tsim kho vaj tse tsim vaj tsev uas muab dej thiab kev huv huv, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsom mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov roj siv los ntawm kev sib cais rau kev pov tseg ntxiv. Ntawd yog, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb tab tom npaj rau kev khaws cia cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm lub substation.
Txoj kev tsim kho ntawm modular substations
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug optimized tsim ntawm ib tug substation ntawm ib tug thaiv-modular (qee zaum mobile) hauv paus yog txiav txim siab. Nws txoj kev tsim kho tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb engineering bookmarks thiab cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ib qho chaw txaus rau nws tus kheej kiag li ntawm kev tsim kho, suav nrog nws tus kheej qhov chaw ntawm lub zog. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob substation nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txog li 10 kV yog 4-5 lab rubles. Cov pob yuav suav nrog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob yooj yim, ib qho kev faib tawm thiab cov hloov tsim nyog nrog cov khoom siv nkag.
Kev tsim kho yog ua rau ntawm thaj chaw uas tau tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, ib qho kev txhawb nqa hlau platform yog mounted rau thav ntawv. Phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag yog txuas rau nws, qhov kev kho uas yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev kho vajtse thiab cov khoom siv clamping. Kev tsim cov block transformer substations muab qhov tsim nyog niches rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv thiab kev nyab xeeb, cua txias thiab cov khoom siv roj. Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv sab hauvkuj yog tsim raws li cov qauv tsim, raws li cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Zoo kawg
Kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob substations yog siv raws li cov qauv kev qhia dav dav uas siv rau cov qauv engineering. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw nrog nws cov kev xav tau rau kev sib txuas lus txhawb nqa kuj raug suav nrog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm chaw nres tsheb transformer substations, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho thiab installation ua hauj lwm yuav txawv ntawm 20 mus rau 50 txhiab rubles. Ua ke nrog tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, qhov kev siv ntawm qhov project yuav yog ob peb lab rubles, ib yam li cov qauv ntawm cov qauv. Kev xaiv ntawm hom substation, nws cov ntsiab lus kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho yog nyob ntawm ntau yam ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm thiab cov cai.
