Cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev tsev qee zaum xav txog seb puas tuaj yeem ua qhov qhib rau hauv phab ntsa uas muaj kabmob? Tib neeg xav tsis yog li ntawd xwb, tab sis vim hais tias lo lus nug no muaj feem xyuam rau lawv. Yog vim li ntawd peb yuav daws tau lub ntsiab lus hnub no. Peb yuav kawm txhua yam hais txog kev qhib hauv phab ntsa uas muaj cov kabmob hauv ntau lub tsev, thiab tseem saib qhov teeb meem no los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thiab cov koom haum saib xyuas thiab xav txog txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teebmeem no. Cia peb pib.
Vim li cas qhib lub phab ntsa uas muaj cov kabmob
Kev qhib qee zaum xav tau los hloov qhov kev teeb tsa hauv chav tsev lossis teeb tsa kev tawm ntawm chav tsev ntxiv, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog qhov chaw nyob nyob ntawm thawj pem teb ntawm lub tsev. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lo lus nug no tsis yog tshiab thiab tsis tshua muaj. Ua ib lub qhov rooj rau hauv cov phab ntsa load-bearing tsis yog qhov nyuaj, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los ua txhua yam no raws li txoj cai, tsis ua txhaum txoj cai, tab sis ntxiv rau qhov hauv qab no. Tam sim no cia peb tham txog lwm yam.
yam tseem ceeb hauv qhov teeb meem no
Tau kawg, koj tsis tuaj yeem xav ua qhov qhib rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev thiab ua kom koj txoj kev npaj ua tiav. Ua ntej txheej txheem no, muaj ntau yam yuav tsum ua thiab ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qhov teeb meem no:
- Xav txog cov khoom siv ntawm cov phab ntsa load-bearing.
- Ua tib zoo saib ntawm koj lub tsev.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau correlates qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rooj rau yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv lub load-bearing phab ntsa thiab qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa nws tus kheej.
- Tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm koj lub tsev, tshwj xeeb, koj txaus siab rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov plag tsev hauv nws.
- Tam sim cov load uas muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing los saum toj.
- Tshuaj ntsuam qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa thiab nws cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm.
tsev ntoo ua los ntawm ntoo
Txawm hais tias lub xyoo pua nees nkaum twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias nyob rau hauv lub vaj, ntau chav tsev ntoo tseem muaj thiab tau ua nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Nws yog ib qho ua tau los npaj ib lub qhov rooj nyob rau hauv lub load-bearing phab ntsa ntawm xws li ib lub tsev. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yooj yim ua qhov no yog tias, piv txwv li, koj xav nruab ib lub qhov rooj es tsis txhob ntawm lub qhov rais tsis nthuav qhov qhib. Hauv cov tsev ntoo, qhov rais sill thiab phab ntsa hauv qab nws tsis yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa. Vim li no, nws thiaj li hloov tau lub qhov rais mus rau ib lub qhov rooj nyob rau hauv ib tug load-bearing phab ntsa nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntoo.
Yog hais tias peb tham txog ib lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo, ces txhua yam yog yooj yim heev. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov qhib nyob rau hauv lub load-bearing phab ntsa yuav tseem tsis muaj zog nws. Tab sis yog hais tias lub log cabin ntawm ib lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo yog nyob rau hauv zoo dlej, raws li zoo raws li lub load-bearing phab ntsa yog txawm, ua los ntawm high quality, huv si khi, ces yeej ib txwm tsim nyog margin ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Nws tsim nyog nkag siab tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muab qhov tseebcov lus teb meej rau cov lus nug ntawm seb puas muaj peev xwm ua kom qhib rau hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev los ntawm ib lub bar, koj yuav tsum kawm txhua rooj plaub sib cais thiab txiav txim siab.
Tom qab ua tiav, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Kev txhawb nqa ntawm qhov qhib hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo tuaj yeem ua tiav siv cov fab hlau lossis cov kab (ntsug kev teeb tsa).
Tom qab koj txiav ib lub qhov ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov ntoo, koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav lub casing. Ua li no, muaj ib txoj kab ntsug (zawj) ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov cav, qhov no yog ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau muab lub rooj tuab tuab nrog zawj (pos) rau ntawm nws. Qhov no yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv gradual extrusion nyob rau hauv load. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab tawm cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis uas tsim nyog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm thermal expansion ntawm ntoo lossis ib ntus o ntawm ntoo los ntawm qhov chaw noo noo.
ntoo ncej tsev
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tsev tsev no tseem muaj nyob. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, nws kuj tseem ua tau los ua ib qho qhib nyob rau hauv lub load-bearing phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lawv. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ua lub qhov rooj hauv qhov chaw uas lub qhov rais nyob, tsis tas yuav nthuav qhov qhib. Xws li qhov xav tau tshwm sim thaum cov neeg nyob hauv ib chav tsev xav tau, piv txwv li, kom tau txais kev sib cais tawm mus rau txoj kev, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob hauv thawj pem teb.
Yog tias koj ua lub qhov rooj hauv phab ntsa uas tsis muaj qhov rais, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo thiab maj mam muab qhov chaw hauv phab ntsa uas koj npaj yuav ua lub qhov rooj. Thaum koj mus txog ntawm phab ntsa, koj tuaj yeem npaj txhua yam kom raug thiab nyab xeeb. Qhov qhib tau ntxiv dag zog raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas peb tau tshuaj xyuas siv qhov piv txwv ntawm lub tsev los ntawmntoo.
Panel house
Ntau tus neeg nyob hauv cov tsev zoo li no. Thiab raws li peb txhua tus paub, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag qub tsis zoo heev. Nws yog vim li no, ntau tus neeg txiav txim siab los kho dua tshiab, thaum lub sijhawm qee zaum nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov qhib hauv vaj huam sib luag load-cov kabmob phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev.
Yuav kom ua raws li lub tswv yim, koj yuav tsum tau txiav tawm ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, thiab nws tuav cov qib siab ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub load yog redirected los ntawm seem no. Redirection yog ua tiav siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb jumpers.
Koj yuav xav tau ib qhov project rau qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev vaj huam sib luag rau koj rooj plaub tshwj xeeb. Tom qab koj tau txais qhov project, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm. Thaum xub thawj, koj yuav tsum tau kos cov phab ntsa, raws li koj qhov project. Tom qab ntawd, qhov yog drilled raws li cov cim cim, lawv yuav yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum sab sauv. Ua ib qho kev qhia rau cov ntsiab lus no, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm phab ntsa thiab nteg ib lub jumper tshwj xeeb. Yog tias koj lub jumper muaj ob ntu, tom qab ntawd ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib nrab ntawm qhov qhib, mus rau qee qhov deb dhau ntawm nws ciam teb. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub qhov rau screed nrog bolts thiab ces zawm lub bolts kom nruj thiab muaj zog li sai tau, ces tag nrho cov no yog concreted.
Txog thaum cov tshuaj dries tag, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv, vim qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv. Tom qab lub pob zeb tau hardened, koj tuaj yeem pib ua qhov qhib nws tus kheej. Nws txiav tawm nrogsiv cov pob zeb diamond cutters. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua nyob rau hauv theem. Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Txiav ib qho dav dav mus rau qhov tob tob ntawm ob sab (qhia rau cov cim drilled).
- Faib qhov qhib los ntawm kev txiav ua ntu me me.
- Txiav phab ntsa rau hauv cov ntu no thiab khob cov ntu tawm ntawm qhov qhib ib los ntawm ib qho.
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev vaj huam sib luag, hauv pem teb puas. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, koj yuav tsum siv lub lev tshwj xeeb elastic los yog chaw rau kev txhais tau tias improvised. Lub lev tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov log tsheb tsis tu ncua.
Brick house
Txhawm rau ua kom qhib rau hauv cov kabmob cib ntsa ntawm lub tsev tsev, koj xav tau cov txheej txheem sib txawv me ntsis, uas txawv ntawm qhov peb tau tham saum toj no. Thawj theem ntawm txoj haujlwm no tseem tsis hloov pauv. Ntawd yog, koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia qhov kwv yees qhov chaw ntawm koj qhov kev qhib yav tom ntej.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm plaster, qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj cov brickwork. Tam sim no koj yuav pom tseeb tag nrho cov seams, cov ntsiab lus ntawm phab ntsa thiab nws cov nta, yog tias muaj.
Txhua qhov chaw ntawm koj lub qhov rooj yav tom ntej yuav tsum raug kho nrog rau qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm lub cib seam hauv koj phab ntsa. Lub jumper (lub zog) ntawm qhov qhib yog ua los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov kev xaiv tau tham saum toj no nrog lub vaj huam sib luag lub tsev. Nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias lintel nyob rau hauv lub brickwork yuav ua nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauvnyob rau hauv tag nrho tsuas yog thaum nws raug muab tso (tso kom meej meej nyob rau hauv inter-suture qhov chaw). Txhawm rau hloov cov contours, koj yuav xav tau ib lub laum (los ntawm qhov ua).
Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov qhib hauv cov kabmob cib ntsa yog qhov kev xaiv nyuaj tshaj plaws. Kev txhim kho ntawm phab ntsa yuav xav tau cov koom haum ntxiv ntawm kev pabcuam kev txhawb nqa thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov channel, kom txog rau thaum lawv tau teeb tsa raws li qhov chaw qhib, tom qab ntawd cov masonry sab saud yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa kev nyab xeeb.
Txiav qhov qhib yog ua kom maj mam thiab ua tib zoo, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov pob zeb diamond xyaum, qhov no yuav txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau phab ntsa.
Ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qhov qhib tshiab hauv phab ntsa masonry load-bearing yog kho cov channel txhawb nqa. Cov channel tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog cov qauv kev txhawb nqa ua los ntawm cov hlau kaum profiles thiab daim hlau ntawm cov seem txaus thiab tuab. Kev ua kom muaj zog yog ua nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm qhov qhib. Cov ntu ntawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa tau ruaj khov ua ke nrog cov kev sib txuas bolted thiab txuas ntxiv los ntawm arc vuam.
Yog vim li cas thiaj npaj qhib
Lub qhov rooj tshiab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yuav xav tau ntau qhov sib txawv:
- Kev sib txuas (kev koom ua ke) ntawm chav nyob thiab chav ua noj.
- Kev nthuav dav chav dej vim yog txoj hauv kev uas coj mus rau chav ua noj (xav tau qhov qhib nruab nrab ntawm chav ua noj thiab chav nyob).
- Kev rhuav tshem ntawm qhov rais sill ib feem ntawm phab ntsa (rau kev teeb tsa kev tawm sab nraud lossis raumuab lub loggia thiab chav nyob).
- Kev sib txuas (kev koom ua ke) ntawm ob lub tsev nyob sib ze.
Cov no yog cov laj thawj tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Peb tau sau npe tsuas yog cov laj thawj feem ntau, raws li kev txheeb cais. Yog tias koj qhov laj thawj tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv teev npe, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los npaj ib qho kev qhib vim muaj kev txwv nyob rau theem kev cai lij choj. Txhua qhov xwm txheej yog tus kheej, lawv kuj raug txiav txim siab thiab daws los ntawm tus kheej.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa load-bearing
Peb tau hais txog yuav ua li cas thiab txhim kho qhov qhib hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, tab sis tsis tau tham txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau sab laj nrog tus kws tshaj lij thiab tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho tshiab. Lub koom haum ntawm qhov qhib hauv phab ntsa yog hais txog kev kho dua tshiab.
Kev sib koom tes nrog cov thawj coj saib xyuas tshwm sim tom qab kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb thiab kev npaj ntawm qhov tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej los ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm nrog kev kawm tshwj xeeb thiab kev paub tsim nyog hauv daim teb no. Yog tias txhua yam mus zoo, ces koj tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha rau kev sib koom tes. Cia peb xav txog txhua yam kom ntxaws ntxiv kom pom tseeb:
- Tau txais daim ntawv hla tebchaws technical ntawm thaj chaw. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau hu rau lub koom haum tshwj xeeb uas tsim koj lub tsev, qhov twg koj yuav tsum tau xaj ib qho kev kuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhawb nqa hauv koj chav tsev. Nyob rau tib qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau txais cov lus xaus uas yuav hais txog qhov ua taukev npaj ntawm qhov qhib koj xav tau hauv koj chav tsev. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv tauj tus sau qhov project, ces koj yuav tsum hu rau lwm lub koom haum tsim qauv uas muaj kev nkag mus rau cov haujlwm no.
- Tom ntej no, tus kws tsim qauv tsim mus rau qhov chaw (rau koj chav tsev), nws yuav ua txhua yam kev ntsuas tsim nyog thiab npaj ib qhov project rau kev txhim kho hauv koj chav tsev los ntawm lub koom haum tsim.
- Tom qab tag nrho cov no, nws yuav tsum tau pom zoo rau qhov project tiav nrog DEZ, Rospotrebnadzor, Gospozhnadzor. Thaum qhov kev pom zoo tiav lawm, nws yuav tsum tau sau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum raug xa mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Vaj Tse (Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Chaw Nyob Hauv Tsev) lossis Lub Nroog Prefecture (Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Cov Chaw Tsis Nyob Hauv Chaw) txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas.
- Tom ntej no, yuav tau txais kev tso cai tsim nyog. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub redevelopment yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm lub koom haum uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog rau hom hauj lwm no. Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kev kho hauv koj chav tsev, lub tuam txhab yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv kho thiab kev tsim kho rau koj, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zais cia.
- Lub koom haum tsim tshwj xeeb yog koom nrog kev saib xyuas vaj tsev. Nws kuj ua kom paub tseeb tias qhov tseeb thiab txhim khu kev qha ntawm qhov qhib yog ua nyob rau hauv koj chav tsev.
Ib tug nkag siab tias txoj kev sib cog lus tsis yog luv, tab sis qhov no yog ib qho ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Tsis muaj leej twg yuav tshem tawm cov teeb meem bureaucratic hauv peb lub tebchaws. Qhov no ua rau kuv tu siab me ntsis.
Tab sis nws txaus siab rau lub sijhawm uas cov neeg ua txhaum cai ntawm lub qhov roojqhib nyob rau hauv lub load-bearing phab ntsa ntawm nws chav tsev, ntau heev. Ntawd yog, txawm tias txhua yam kev nyuaj, txhua yam yog tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav tau qhov qhib, ces ua siab ntev thiab pib txheej txheem.
qhib tsis raug cai
Qee tus neeg mus rau lwm qhov, tab sis peb tsis pom zoo. Cov neeg no coj thiab ua qhov qhib qhov lawv xav tau nyob rau hauv lub load-bearing phab ntsa ntawm lawv tus kheej peril thiab txaus ntshai, thiab ces lawv pib legalize. Wb hais tias yuav nyuaj heev.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum mus rau lub koom haum uas yog tus tsim ntawm koj lub tsev, lossis mus rau lwm qhov uas ua cov haujlwm zoo li no yog tias koj lub koomhaum tseem tsis tau muaj. Nws yuav tsum tau xaus lus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv feem ntau hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov qhib uas koj tau ua lawm.
Yog tias nws hloov tawm tias nws tuaj yeem npaj tau, tom qab ntawd tus kws tshaj lij tsim nyog yuav mus rau qhov chaw (rau koj lub tsev) thiab tshawb xyuas qhov tsim ntawm koj qhov qhib tiav. Nws kuj tseem yuav ntsuas qhov ua tau ntawm nws lub cuab yeej hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Cia peb hais tam sim ntawd tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau, ntxiv dag zog rau qhov qhib nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa load-bearing hloov mus ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, kev txhawb nqa ntxiv yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntxiv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tau tsim nyog lawm.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj tsis tuaj yeem zam qhov yuav tsum tau them tus nqi nplua rau kev txiav txim siab. Thiab yog tias lub cuab yeej ntawm qhov qhib, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xav tshwj xeeb, hloov mus rau feem ntau tsis tsim nyog, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm nws tus kheej cov nqi. Nws hloov tawm hais tias txoj kev cai lij choj yog yooj yim dua, sai dua thiabpheej yig dua.
Kev qhib qhov koj xav tau hauv koj chav tsev yuav luag txhua zaus ua tau, tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua kom raug. Tsis txhob koom nrog kev ua ub ua no, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws tsis yog tsuas yog rau txim, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij tiag tiag rau koj thiab koj cov phooj ywg ntau hauv tsev. Yog hais tias nws hloov tawm tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los npaj qhov qhib, ces koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau tso nrog nws.
