Ordinary Lavxias teb sab bast khau - khoom plig zoo kawg nkaus nrog lub siab Slavic. Lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov khoom zoo nkauj qub, muaj lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm raws li lub hnab ntim khoom yooj yim rau cov khoom me me lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev, ua cov khoom siv sab hauv hauv Lavxias style, thiab kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnav khaub ncaws rau kev ua koob tsheej matinee.
Kev lig kev cai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sau, ua cov txiv qaub bast los yog birch bark yog siv los xaws, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua tsev neeg txij thaum yau lawv instilled cov kev txawj ntawm yuav ua li cas ua khau bast nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes. Niaj hnub no, cov khau zoo li no tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm, ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, ua yeeb yam, hauv sab hauv tsim los ntawm cov qub Lavxias style, hauv cov khaub ncaws rau menyuam roj hmab.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev (cov rooj tog zaum, cov khoom ua si, pob tawb thiab pob tawb), khau khiab yog ib hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm Slavic needlework. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, hom kev ua no tseem muaj lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev. Nws tau ntseeg tias txhua yam ua los ntawm koj tus kheej tes thiab nrog kev hlub,ua tus saib xyuas. Niam paj ntaub, knitted, wove khoom ua si rau me nyuam.
Cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws, nquag siv hauv lub neej niaj hnub hauv Ancient Russia yog cov khoom wicker, thiab txhua tus paub yuav ua li cas ua khau bast. Thawj qhov hais txog cov khau no hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 12th ("Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo"), txawm hais tias lawv keeb kwm yog ntau dua.
Cov no yog nkawm khau yooj yim, tab sis tsis ruaj. Qhov nruab nrab, txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg hnav tawm li 5-6 kaum ob lub pob zeb hauv ib xyoos. Cov tsev neeg nyob rau hnub ntawd feem ntau loj, cov niam txiv tau saib xyuas yuav ua li cas ua khau bass rau menyuam yaus, thiab cov laus thiab cov hluas tau koom nrog kev sau qoob loo, birch bark. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov hnub uas hais tias: "Lyka tsis knit." Tom qab ntawd nws yog ib tug ntawm cov uas tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm theem pib.
piav qhia khoom
Ntau tus neeg keeb kwm, cov neeg keeb kwm hauv zos tau hais tias cov khoom siv tes ua pob zeb muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm archaeological pom muaj feem xyuam rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Bast nkawm khau tau yooj yim thiab siv tau rau txhua tus.
Nkawm khau tau woven los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas tau pib sau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov kua dej ntws ze ntawm cov ntoo thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov. Bast nkawm khau hu ua birch bark, linden, broom, Oak, nyob ntawm seb tsob ntoo bast (nyias ntev strips ntawm bark) tau los ntawm.
Elm bast khau tau lees paub tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - lawv tau ua haujlwm ntev dua. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias rau cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam, khau tau woven txawv. Cov ntxhais 'festive bast khau tau zoo dua thiab ua los ntawm nqaim bast.
Nkawm khau tau khi nrog txoj hlua fiber ntau zoo li Greek khau khiab: lawv tau qhwv ib ncig ntawm ob txhais ceg hla ko taw (onuch). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tau ntub nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, tshwj xeeb ntoo blocks yog hemmed, thiab rau lub zog, ib leeg yog woven nrog ib tug vine, tsis tshua muaj hemmed nrog tawv.
Cov khoom siv thiab kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb
Yuav siv tawv ntau los ua. Tab sis peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau sau tau zoo los ntawm cov ntoo hluas, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Ua ntej weaving pib, lub bark yog pre-soaked, crushed rau ntawm ib tug pulper, ua tiav, tshem tawm sab saum toj xim av txheej, dov thiab khi. Yog hais tias lub bark raug tshem tawm los ze zog mus rau sab saum toj ntawm tsob ntoo, lub xim av txheej tsis tau muab tshem tawm, vim nws yog ntau thinner los ntawm saum toj no. Tsuas yog qhov tsis sib xws raug tshem tawm.
Tsev txheej txheem ntawm yuav ua li cas ua khau bast zoo ib yam rau cov khoom sib txawv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, khau sib txawv nyob rau hauv tsos. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm cov style ntawm cov khau bast, ib tug tuaj yeem qhia qhov twg nws tus tswv yog los ntawm. Lawv tau woven raws li tus qauv, sib txawv ntawm cov strips koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom (5, 6, 7, thiab lwm yam), thiab hauv cov duab. Txhua tus tswv paub cov tswv yim los ntawm lub siab.
Ntaus khau bast mus txog 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX tau suav hais tias yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb. Lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov dab neeg thiab cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws hnav tuaj yeem hnav cov khau no.
Tsov thiab txhais tau tias
Ua ntej koj ua khau bast, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws thiab npaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog:
- Knife.
- Kochedyk - ib lub cuab yeej nrog ib tug hlau pas nrig thiab ib tug ntoo kov, ib tug ca kab rov tav kawg, me ntsis reminiscent ntawm ib tug screwdriver, tab sis nkhaus nyob rau hauv lub kab rov tav dav hlau. Tsim los nqa cov voj voog ntawm qhov woven thiab thawb lub bast dawb kawg rau hauv lawv.
- Ib thaiv (yog tias khau bast muaj ntau yam, ces ob lub thaiv - sab xis thiab sab laug), ua los ntawm ntoo, ua npuas ncauj yas.
Koj tuaj yeem ua cov qauv zoo nkauj lossis ua khau bast rau cov menyuam yaus siv cov khoom siv improvised. Rau qhov no, cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm qub thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, twisted thiab glued mus rau hauv cov hlab, cov ntawv dawb, cov ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv qub, cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo meej.
How to make a bast shoe - job description
Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis txawv ntawm ib leeg. Lawv pib nrog ob ntiv taw thiab pob taws. Kev lig kev cai, weave los ntawm pob taws, pib siv tsuas yog 5-6 bast strips, 7-8 tuaj yeem siv. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav yog qhov yooj yim heev.
kab txaij ntawm kab txaij hlais ib leeg zoo li pigtail. Txhua daim kab xev bast hloov ua ntej nias tus tom ntej thiab tseem nyob rau sab saum toj, ces nws yog nias tawm tsam tus tom ntej, tseem tshuav hauv qab no. Yog li ntawm tag nrho ntev. Tag nrho thev naus laus zis, ntxiv rau kev npaj ib qho, suav nrog ntau theem. Qhov no weave:
- soles;
- heels;
- sock;
- sib;
- sab rau lace (govennik).
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov strips interlaced haum snugly ua ke, tsis muaj qhov khoob, tab sis tsis txhob rub ua ke.
theem tseem ceebweaving
Rau kev thom khwm, koj yuav tsum nqa ob lub bass ntawm txhua txhais tes thiab hla lawv raws nraim hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntev. Tom qab ntawd khoov kom tag nrho yim kawg nyob rau hauv qab, plaub rau txhua txhais tes, thiab weave zoo li ib tug dog dig pigtail, alternated rau sab xis thiab sab laug, capturing tsuas yog cov huab strips. Yog li txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm kom txog thaum tsim cov insole ntawm qhov xav tau ntev. Qhov ntev ntawm ib leeg yog ib txwm 5-6 hli ntev dua li qhov kawg.
Rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntiv taw thiab pob taws, tso ib leeg rau ntawm qhov thaiv: ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug, tau txais plaub lub pob tw. Peb pib tsim rau pem hauv ntej. Tam sim no weaving pib tsis yog los ntawm huab cua, tab sis los ntawm lub hauv paus kab txaij - peb hla lawv ib leeg. Thawj plaub "hlwb" yog lub npe ntawm cov thom khwm. Tom qab ntawd peb txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ib yam nkaus kom txog thaum tag nrho yim qhov xaus sib cuam tshuam, sib npaug thiab nruj rub lub bast.
Tau ua tus ntiv taw, txav mus rau pob taws. Tag nrho yim pawg yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tug puv tes ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob taws npaj. Cais sab xis thiab sab laug bast ib tug los ntawm ib tug thiab weave lawv raws nraim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pob taws nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug kochedyk. Weave ntxiv nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li cov thom khwm, hla nruab nrab kab txaij. Tom qab ntawd tag nrho lwm cov kab txaij yog woven. Ib yam li thaum braiding ib lub thom khwm, koj yuav tsum nqa plaub qhov nruab nrab basts thiab twist nrog ib leeg, ua raws li tus so.
Tam sim no txav mus rau cov khoom sab. Peb nthuav tawm sab saum toj kawg nkaus bast strip 90 degrees thiab intertwine nrog rau lwm yam peb, weaving ib kochedyk raws lub insole. Nws yuav tsum pw ntawm ib sab ntawm lub sawb uas mus rau sab nraud ntawm pob taws thiab tseem npaj tau los cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus peb thiab mus rauinsole. Lub strip thib ob yog intertwined nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, tsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob qho ntxiv, thiab mus rau lub insole ib sab ntawm thawj.
Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias cov kab txaij coj lawv qhov chaw, vim qhov thib peb yog intertwined nrog plaub, kuj ncab ntawm tus ntiv taw mus rau sab thiab nkag mus rau hauv insole. Qhov kawg bast sawb yuav intertwined nrog ib tug kochedyk twb stretched ntawm ntiv taw mus rau pob taws, thiab tsis nrog dawb sawv daws yuav. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm ib sab, peb txav mus rau lwm qhov.
Ib txheej thib ob maj mam tshwm ntawm ib leeg. Cov ntiv taw thiab nraub qaum yog npaj txhij. Ntawm sab, stretched strips yuav nyob twj ywm tsis intertwined obliquely. Ua kom tiav, koj yuav tsum tau xaws lwm 3-4 bass. Yog hais tias daim kab xev bast tau xaus ntxov ntxov, nws yuav tsum tau qhia nws. Ob peb kauj ruam ua ntej kawg, peb kos qhov kawg tshiab. Yog li ntawd nws thiaj nkaum hauv lub tawb. Tom qab ntawd qhov txuas ntxiv yuav pom tsis pom.
Thaum tag nrho cov xaus yog intertwined ntawm ntug mus rau ntug, lawv mus rau hauv lub insole thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog rau txheej thib ob. Rau lub zog ntau dua, pob taws me me yog woven los ntawm qhov chaw uas khau muaj pob taws. Koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw sib tshuam ntawm ntug hauv nruab nrab ntawm pob taws.
Nyob rau theem kawg, ib lub qhov muag yog tsim los rau cov hlua khi hlua khi. Ua li no, ib daim nyias nyias bast strip yog threaded nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub backdrop thiab stretched mus rau ib nrab ntawm qhov ntev. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog twisted rau hauv ib txoj hlua, thiab ob qho kawg yog threaded nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv 3-4 kauj ruam nrog lub npe ntawm pob ntseg, rau hauv uas cov frills yog ces muab tso rau kev txhawb nqa thiab kho cov footcloths.
Yuav ua kom nws txawm, tsis txhobskewed nkawm khau, ua ntej ua khau bast nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes rau ib tug me nyuam (los yog cov neeg laus), nws yog zoo dua mus sim ua ib tug mus sib version ntawm daim ntawv, xyuam xim rau cov subtleties thiab nta ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.
