Nyob hauv ntiaj teb no, muaj ntau yam uas yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws kub. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov lag luam loj uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tawg thiab tawg xws li roj lossis roj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej kub ntxhov tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lwm qhov chaw. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej no, tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kab ke no.
Definition of concept
Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws - ib txheej txheej txheej txheem kev ntsuas thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txhawm rau tshem tawm cov xwm txheej phom sij thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov tshuab zoo li no yuav tsum raug xam rau txhua tus neeg ua lag luam, suav nrog cov xwm txheej rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws kub ntawm lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb.
Ib qho kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yuav tsum tau txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws uas tuaj yeem ua tauua rau raug mob lossis tuag ntawm tib neeg, nrog rau kev poob nyiaj txiag. Zoo li lwm yam kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, cov tshuab no raug tswj los ntawm txoj cai.
Tshooj 48 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No 123 yog mob siab rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv, thawj ntawm peb lub npe nyob rau hauv Tshooj 3 ntawm Art. 5 Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Lij Choj 123 cov khoom (nrog rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev ntsuas los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws) ntawm hluav taws kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws
Los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem tso tawm lub hom phiaj. Yog li cov tshuab no yog dab tsi?
Muaj peb yam cuam tshuam rau kev pib hluav taws:
- combustible ib puag ncig (uas yog, qhov hluav taws kub feem ntau tshwm sim),
- qhov hluav taws kub (nws tuaj yeem yog hluav taws qhib, lub txim hluav taws xob, lub hnub ncaj qha, hluav taws xob tam sim no, tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam),
- oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev (feem ntau cov pa oxygen pom hauv huab cua txaus).
Cov khoom no tseem hu ua daim duab peb sab hluav taws. Txij li thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen los ntawm lub triad no, nws ib txwm muaj tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev cais tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus: qhov nruab nrab combustible lossis qhov hluav taws kub. Nov yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog raws li hauv qab no: qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cua sov mus rau qhov chaw uas nws cov thermal decomposition tshwm sim. Lub sijhawm notxheej txheem, cov khoom raug muab faib ua carbon monoxide, dej thiab kub kub, thiab carbon dioxide thiab soot raug tso tawm.
Lub sijhawm txij li lub sijhawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus txog thaum nws ntes hluav taws yog hu ua lub sijhawm ignition. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev ntsuas no uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qeeb thiab hluav taws xob raug xaiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam.
Lub kaw lus ua haujlwm li cas?
Cia saib seb qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws ua haujlwm li cas, kev nyab xeeb ua tiav li cas.
Cov tshuab no tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaw tawg thiab tawg, thiab tseem tiv thaiv kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw hluav taws kub rau hauv qhov chaw txaus ntshai. Cov teeb meem no tau txais kev saib xyuas ntxiv nyob rau theem tsim ntawm cov tsev. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev, cov tshuab no raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tua hluav taws.
tiv thaiv hluav taws
Yog li qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws muaj dab tsi? Raws li peb tau pom lawm, muaj ob yam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov system:
- Tiv thaiv cov nplaim taws thiab tawg ib puag ncig,
- zam kev qhia qhov hluav taws xob rau hauv ib puag ncig no.
Yog li, muaj ntau yam kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thaum qhov hluav taws kub tau nkag rau hauv ib puag ncig:
- lub zog ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsawg dua li lub zog xav tau los ua kom cov hluav taws xob sib xyaw hauv ib puag ncig;
- Qhov kub ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv kev tsim khoom yuav tsum tsawg dua qhov kub ntawm qhov pib qhov kub ntawm tib qhov chaw thaum sib cuag.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws
Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws ua haujlwm ntau yam txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws kub.
- Kev lag luam siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tawg thiab tawg, uas yav tom ntej tuaj yeem txo cov neeg raug mob.
- Lub thawv ntim rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm nrog lawv.
- Qhia txog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qeeb thiab hluav taws kub.
- Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws kub thiab tawg thaum ua haujlwm.
- Zoning thaj chaw kom txo tau kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws.
- Saib xyuas huab cua sab hauv kom tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg hauv huab cua.
- Insulation ntawm combustible cua.
- Ntau cov av noo hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab nkag mus rau cov dej tso dej dawb.
- Khaws chav huv si, vim qee cov plua plav tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub.
- Tshuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov, qhov cua ducts.
- Kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob (AUPS, hluav taws tua hluav taws thiab cov pa hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam)
Ua rau hluav taws
- Electrotechnical nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej (luv luv Circuit Court, tam sim no overload, siab transient resistance, tsis tsim nyog siv hluav taws xob cua sov los yogsiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev).
- Kev ua txhaum cai rau kev siv hluav taws (sab laug qhib hluav taws, cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb tsis raug tshem tawm, ua haujlwm ze rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vuam, thiab lwm yam).
- Tsis ua raws li kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
- hluav taws xob zoo li qub (tsim los ntawm rub cov khoom them thaum muaj kev sib txhuam).
- Irregularities ntawm kev siv lub qhov cub (malfunction los yog tsis ua hauj lwm).
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv.
- Natural phenomena (xob laim, taw qhia hnub ci).
- Nkauj tsim tawm qhov xwm txheej hluav taws (arson).
Tag nrho cov laj thawj no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
tiv thaiv hluav taws
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yog qhov sib txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub ntawm qhov khoom tiv thaiv." Nws suav nrog kev ntsuas hluav taws kub thiab cov xwm txheej tawg, nrog rau kev siv txhua yam kev siv thiab kev tiv thaiv. Ntawm cov tom kawg, cov lus hauv qab no tau siv:
- thev naus laus zis (AUPS, tshem tawm cov pa taws thiab tua hluav taws thiab lwm yam hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg);
- kev tsim kho (kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, thaiv hluav taws, kev khiav tawm, cov qauv sib tsoo, qhov cua thiab cov pa hluav taws xob tso pa tawm);
- koom haum (tsim hluav taws kub thiab cawm, kev pabcuam roj av).
Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj hauv kev thiab txhais tau tias siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws yog raws li hauv qab no:
- tsim cov xwm txheej uashluav taws tsis tau;
- ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws rau tib neeg thaum muaj hluav taws kub;
- tiv thaiv ob tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab khoom muaj nqis;
- qib qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov lag luam uas muaj hluav taws kub tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob ntawd.
Yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws
Qhov xav tau tseem ceeb tuaj yeem hu ua kev tswj hwm thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws thiab ua rau tib neeg thiab nyiaj txiag poob.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau qhov yuav tsum tau pab tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws, xws li:
- ua raws li cov cai tswjfwm rau qhov tso cai pom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm;
- siv cov khoom ntxiv uas txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (inhibiting thiab phlegmatizing);
- kev soj ntsuam thiab tswj xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm huab cua ib puag ncig;
- Tiv thaiv qhov chaw ua haujlwm tawg thiab tawg;
- muaj qhov cua kom zoo ntawm thaj chaw muaj;
- muaj lub tswb hluav taws ua haujlwm rau kev ceeb toom thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub degreecombustibility ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsim.
Raws li kev xyaum qhia, nws tsis tuaj yeem zam qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv peb lub zog ua txhua yam ua tau kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem ceeb toom zoo.
