Cov txheej txheem vuam yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ua ntej ntau, uas qhov kawg tshwm sim nyob ntawm. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog kev npaj cov pob qij txha. Cov pib tshiab feem ntau tsis quav ntsej txog cov txheej txheem no, tab sis nrog kev paub dhau los ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam yog nyob ntawm kev npaj cov npoo rau vuam.
Ntog npaj ua ntej welding
Ua ntej vuam cov qauv tseem ceeb, qhov chaw ib txwm kho. Qhov no ua tiav ntau lub hom phiaj: tshem tawm cov av, oxide zaj duab xis, xeb hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov phooj ywg yav tom ntej. Cov hauv qab no yog siv rau qhov no:
Kev tu txhua yam nrog txhuam hlau, lub log abrasive
Kev kho tshuaj nrog cov kuab tshuaj uas tshem cov roj thiab oxides ntawm qhov chaw vuam. Cov kua dej raws li xylene, dab dawb, roj av yog siv. Cov kua qaub yog siv los tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide
Nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov hlau thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov seam, kev npaj ua ntej txiav ntug rau vuamtshwm sim hauv ntau theem:
- Markup. Siv cov qauv los yog cov kav dej, kos duab qhov ntev yog pauv mus rau ib daim ntawv hlau. Rau qhov no, cov neeg sau ntawv lossis cov cim hauv tsev tau siv uas tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
- Qhib. Roller lossis guillotine shear yog siv los txiav cov hlau nyias. Cov hlau tuab, nrog rau cov hlau carbon steel, raug txiav nrog propane torches thiab plasma cutters.
- Flange khoov. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau ua ua ntej welding ib daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom me me, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov khoom siv melted thiab tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab ntawm qhov ze-weld aav. Cov npoo yog khoov rau hauv benders lossis manually siv rauj thiab mandrel rau tin ua haujlwm.
- Rolling nrog rollers. Cov pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom siv nrog lub thickness ntawm 3 hli los yog ntau tshaj yog muab cov duab zoo. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chais lossis los ntawm kev siv xovxwm. Rolling kuj tshem tawm cov hlau deformations uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab thauj.
Txoj kev txiav ntug
Vuam tej hauj lwm yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau vuam yooj yim workpieces nrog ib tug ncaj nto, tab sis kuj rau cov qauv ntawm complex duab. Yog li, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txiav cov npoo rau vuam:
- Abrasive processing. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyuaj-rau-mus txog, nrog rau thaum npaj cov chaw me me. Nws yog nqa tawm manually siv lub kaum sab xis grinder nrog abrasive sib tsoo log. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li kev ua haujlwm yog siv los ua kev ua haujlwm tiav rau aluminium alloys,vim lawv tsim muaj zog oxide zaj duab xis uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej vuam.
- Milling. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev npaj ntawm cov npoo ntev, nrog rau cov uas muaj qhov tsis sib xws. Feem ntau txoj kev no yog siv thaum chamfering tib hom ntawm qhov chaw. Lub template cutter tshem tawm cov hlau ntau dhau ntawm ntug, txav mus raws txoj kev nkhaus. Rau phau ntawv ua los ntawm milling, ib tug mobile beveler yog siv.
- Kev npaj. Txoj kev no yog siv nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm los npaj ncaj weld nto. Nrog rau kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv ob peb lub sij hawm, lub siab-lub zog cutter tshem tawm cov txheej tsim nyog, tsim ib tug vuam ntug.
- Chalking. Txhawm rau txiav cov yeeb nkab ntug rau vuam, mobile bevelers yog siv. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no zoo ib yam li kev npaj. Lub cutter kuj ua ntawm no, tsuas yog nws tsim cov ntug tsis raws, tab sis hla. Yog li ntawd, lub bevel tsis sib npaug thiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav manually nrog lub kaum sab xis grinder.
- Chamfering nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Ua li no, ntug yog rhuab nrog propane, thiab cov khoom siv ntau dhau yog tshuab tawm nrog lub dav hlau ntawm oxygen. Lub ntug tsis sib npaug thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv nrog lub log abrasive.
txiav tshuab
Chamfers ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau welded yog xav tau los xyuas kom meej nkag mus tob, nrog rau kom yooj yim nkag tau ntawm cov electrode mus rau weld cag. Kev npaj ntug tso cai rau vuamib tug loj tuab nyob rau hauv ob peb hla, tau ib tug muaj zog uniform seam.
Ntau zaus cov chamfer tsis raug tshem tawm mus rau qhov tob, tab sis ib txheej me me ntawm cov khoom yog sab laug - blunting. Nws tiv thaiv ib feem los ntawm kev kub hnyiab los ntawm thiab tsis cia cov hlau molten ntws tawm ntawm lub pas dej ua ke. Cov duab thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub chamfers ntawm pob tw pob qij txha tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv cov cai rau kev txiav cov npoo rau vuam GOST 5264-80. Rau kev sib txuas cov yeeb nkab, cov qauv tau piav qhia hauv GOST 16037-80.
V-cut
Txoj kev nrov tshaj plaws bevelling yog V-shaped. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam thicknesses ntawm welded qhov chaw los ntawm 3 mus rau 26 hli. Nws tshwm sim ob leeg ib sab thiab ob sab. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov npoo rau vuam yog 60 degrees. Ua li no, pob tw, ces kaum, tee pob qij txha yog ua.
X-cut
Hom no yog tsim los rau vuam tuab qhov chaw uas lwm txoj kev npaj siv tsis tau. Lub kaum sab xis chamfer kuj yog 60 degrees. Xws li kev sib txuas yog welded nyob rau hauv ob peb kis ntawm txhua sab. Txoj kev no tso cai rau kom txo tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 1.6-1.7 zaug, thiab tseem txo cov seem deformations uas tshwm sim los ntawm cua sov.
U-cut
qhov kev xaiv no yog siv tsawg dua li lwm hom kev npaj ntug rau vuam vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim cov profile. Nws yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog kom tau txais kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev txo cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev txuag tau tiav vim qhov pom zoo ntawm lub pas dej welding. Yog liqhov chaw nrog lub thickness ntawm 20 mus rau 60 mm yog siav nyob rau hauv no txoj kev.
Crack npaj rau vuam
Qee zaum, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau vuam qhov tawg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txiav ntug rau welding kuj yuav tsum tau. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kom tob qhov tsis xws luag raws nws tag nrho ntev rau kev nkag tau zoo ntawm electrode mus rau qhov chaw ntog. Kev nthuav dav yog ua tiav nrog rauj thiab chisel lossis nrog propane teeb. Lub ntug tuaj yeem npaj rau ntawm ib lossis ob sab. Nws nyob ntawm lub thickness ntawm ib feem. Cov qhov yog drilled raws cov npoo ntawm qhov tawg kom txo tau qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv cov hlau uas ua rau tawg.
Kev npaj cov pob qij txha ntawm cov pob qij txha sib txuas
Ib feem pua ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau poob rau ntawm qhov tau txais cov pob qij txha hermetic: vuam ntawm cov kav dej, tso tsheb hlau luam, cov kav dej. Cov kev sib txuas no tau tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 16037-80. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, nws muab rau vuam ob qho tib si nrog txiav ntug thiab tsis muaj nws. Nws nyob ntawm hom kev sib txuas, uas tuaj nyob rau hauv peb daim ntawv:
- pob;
- overlapping;
- angular.
Ua ntej vuam, cov npoo yog ntxuav los ntawm cov av thiab xeb.
Thaum sib dhos cov kav dej, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 2-3 hli, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm thickness yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 10%. Cov yeeb nkab seem yog precisely nruab nrab txheeb ze rau ib leeg. Ua ntej pib vuam, tacks tau ua raws li ib puag ncig kom cov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim thaum lub caij txias ntawm cov vuam tsis ua txhaum kev sib tw.
vuam ntawm qhov khoov yog tsim nyog los cais cov kua lossis cov pa hauvlub cev. Lub kaum welded luj tshib tsis tas yuav chamfering. Yog tias qhov kev sib txuas yog pob tw, ces cov duab ntawm qhov zawj rau vuam siv lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees.
Reservoirs thiab round ntim feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsim tshuaj thiab yog ib tug cia rau aggression tshuaj, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau nce nyob rau hauv lub vuam. Ua kom tau raws li lawv, X-shaped lossis V-shaped bevel yog tsim rau phab ntsa txog li 26 hli tuab, thiab U-shaped txiav ntawm npoo yog siv rau tuab txog 60 hli.
