Ua ntej kev tsim lub teb chaws lub tsev lossis tsev, cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum xaiv cov cuab yeej siv los tsim lub tsev. Qhov no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ceev ntawm kev tsim kho, tus nqi kawg ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm vaj tsev. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev nrog cov formwork ruaj khov tau txais kev lees paub dav. Haum rau txhua lub tsev qis qis, nws txo lub sijhawm tsim kho thiab ua kom yooj yim ua haujlwm tiav.
Cov formwork yog dab tsi?
Txoj formwork yog qhov tshwj xeeb hollow blocks. Ntawm cov no, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yog sib sau ua ke ntawm ib qho chaw tsim kho. Kev txhawb zog yog ntsia rau hauv qhov tsis muaj zog (kom muaj zog ntau dua) thiab nchuav nrog cov pob zeb ua pob zeb npaj. Tom qab lub mortar tau hardened, lub formwork tsis raug tshem tawm, tab sis sab laug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Blocks thiab formwork panels yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb jumpers-kev sib txuas uas tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm kev sib txawv.
Yog li, daim ntawv ruaj khov ua 2 txoj haujlwm ib zaug:
- pab rau kev tsim phab ntsa sai;
- ua lub tsev rwb thaiv tsev thiab nws qhov kawg (tiav lossis roughing).
Qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim tsev nrog cov ntawv ruaj khov
Cov thev naus laus zis no feem ntau xaiv rau tus kheej thiab kev tsim kho qis vim nws muaj ntau yam zoo.
- Kev ua haujlwm nrawm. Ib lub teb chaws me me tuaj yeem ua tau li no hauv ob peb lub lis piam xwb. Tsis muaj lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev (cib, ntoo, ua npuas ncauj) yuav ua rau qhov tshwm sim.
- Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej nqa tshwj xeeb. Kev siv cov formwork ruaj ruaj yog siv hauv pem teb los ntawm zaj dab neeg, yog li tsis tas yuav nqa cov txheej txheem.
- Txuag nyiaj txiag ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Blocks los yog slabs ntawm taag formwork twb muab ib tug txaus txheej ntawm tshav kub-insulating khoom. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk, Khabarovsk, Saratov, kev tsim kho vaj tse los ntawm kev ruaj khov formwork yuav tso cai rau kev tsim kho lub tsev sov nrog cov nqi cua sov tsawg.
- Txuag nyiaj txiag ntawm kev ua tiav. Qee hom blocks twb muaj qhov zoo nkauj tiav. Tag nrho lwm qhov kev pom tso cai rau koj kom tsis suav nrog qhov theem saum npoo.
theem ntawm kev tsim tsev nrog turnkey tsau formwork
Txoj kev tsim kho tag nrho tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb theem.
- Npaj qhov chaw tsim kho.
- nplog marking.
- Tsim lub hauv paus.
- Txhim kho cov formwork blocks.
- Pov pob zeb.
- Slab formation.
- Nkauj lub ru tsev.
- Tiav.
Tam sim no, kev tsim kho ntawm cov tsev monolithic nrog cov qauv ruaj khov muaj qee qhov nta thiab nuances uas yuav tsis paub rau txhua tus. Cov lus pom zoo thiab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog.
Site npaj
Lub hauv paus yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub tsev. Qhov zoo thiab durability ntawm cov qauv ncaj qha nyob ntawm nws. Tsis zoo li cov tsev cib, cov tsev uas muaj cov formwork ruaj khov yog sib dua. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv tsis yog lub hauv paus pob zeb monolithic, tab sis ib lub strip tsis tu ncua.
Kim lub chaw tsim kho. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, xyuas kom meej tias thaj chaw muaj qhov chaw tiaj tus. Hauv qhov no, qhov yuam kev ntawm kev suav thiab kev ntsuas yuav tsawg heev. Tom qab kos npe, qhov tseeb ntawm cov kaum sab xis raug kuaj xyuas dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv qib (theem tsev).
Foundation arrangement
khawb ib lub trench. Qhov dav ntawm lub trench rau lub hauv paus sawb yuav tsum yog li 40 cm, qhov tob yog li 50 cm, tshwj xeeb yog them rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov ua tau, txij li qhov tsis raug ntawm no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub tsev zoo. Nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab formwork.
Npaj cov dej ntws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nws yog kev cai kom nkag siab txog ib txheej ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb. Cov txheej thickness yog hais txog 150 mm. Nws ua ntau yam haujlwm:
- txawm kev faib khoom ntawm lub hauv paus;
- thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov tuav tuav tau muab tso rau hauv lub cushion tiav lawm. Lawv tsim nyograu lub zog thiab txhim khu kev qha fastening ntawm ruaj formwork qhov chaw.
Foundation ib leeg. Cov theem no yog tsim nyog rau qhov kawg kev sib dhos ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus yog ib qho mortar, uas yog kis nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej ntawm ib txheej ntawm cov kua pad.
Kev sib tshooj ntawm qib xoom
Txhawm rau npaj hauv pem teb hauv qab daus, feem ntau siv cov kab hlau lossis ntoo tuav. Qee zaum, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog.
Raws li thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj xoom sib tshooj txhua. Yog tias qhov kev xaiv no raug xaiv, qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub hauv paus yog ntim nrog xuab zeb, thiab cov slabs uas muaj cua sov tau muab tso rau saum. Qhov kawg theem yog nchuav rau hauv pem teb.
Formwork installation
Kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav ziab ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm lub hauv paus.
Thawj theem ntawm formwork blocks yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov cuab lub zog, nyob rau hauv uas jumpers raug ntsia kom muaj zog. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis.
Nyob rau theem no, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov chaw ntawm engineering network (tsim hluav taws xob, kav dej, dej phwj tuaj, qhov cua). Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog vim tias cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yuav yog monolithic thiab nws yuav nyuaj dua los daws qhov teeb meem tom qab kev tsim kho. Noj mus rau hauv tus account cov duab kos hauv formwork, lawv npaj qhov chaw ntawm engineering networks thiab txiav grooves.
Pib lub installation ntawm formwork blocks los ntawm cov ces kaum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm thawj theem ntawm cov blocks, qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib yog cim.
Cov pob qij txha ntawm cov qib thib ob yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau cov pob qij txha hauv thawj kab. Cov cuab yeej no zoo ib yam li kev siv ntawm brickwork, uas ntxiv dag zog thiab durability rau phab ntsa. Qhov thib peb kab yog nteg tawm zoo ib yam li thawj thiab lwm yam.
Pov pob zeb
Tom qab txhim kho cov formwork thiab nteg engineering tes hauj lwm, lawv pib pouring pob zeb. Txuag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis tsim nyog. Cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum raug xaiv nruj me ntsis coj mus rau hauv tus account cov ntaub ntawv technical.
Thaum tsim tsev nrog cov qauv ruaj khov, nws yooj yim tshaj plaws los sau cov mortar nrog lub vibrator sib sib zog nqus. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov voids thiab sib npaug faib ua vaj tse. Yog tias tsis muaj kev vibrator sab hauv, compaction yuav tsum tau nqa tawm manually. Roj hmab lossis ntoo mallet yuav pab tau qhov no.
Lub phab ntsa sab saud yog ntim nrog pob zeb tsis mus rau ntawm ntug heev - lub pob zeb yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub formwork.
Cov cuab yeej sib tshooj
Cov ceilings yog tsim los ntawm kev pab los ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj zog ntxiv. Ntawm nws yog ntoo beams los yog pem teb slabs. Qee cov neeg tsim khoom nyiam siv cov plag tsev monolithic hauv qhov no. Lawv peculiarity nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias hauv pem teb slab thiab strapping siv yog ib tug ntau yam qauv.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tshaj lij. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog kev tsim kho hauv pem teb thib ob lossis kev tsimru tsev.
Phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj
Txhim formwork ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb versions ib zaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog kev tsim kho lub tsev los ntawm kev ruaj khov formwork ua los ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no ua rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa sai thiab siv tau zoo.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho, cov phab ntsa yog tiaj tus thiab npaj rau cladding. Koj tuaj yeem siv ib qho kev xaiv rau qhov no:
- sib;
- pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag;
- stucco mix;
- pob zeb;
- tile;
- ntoo hauv ob sab.
Kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tuaj yeem yog txhua yam. Yog hais tias wallpapering yog npaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev, ces cov phab ntsa ntub dej yog thawj txuas mus rau lub taag formwork. Ceramic vuas thiab PVC panels yog glued ncaj qha mus rau lub formwork nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb nplaum.
Kev tsim tsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov: tshuaj xyuas
Xaiv cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev hauv lub tebchaws, cov neeg siv khoom sim nyeem cov kev tshuaj xyuas.
Feem ntau, cov neeg tsim khoom teb tau zoo rau cov thev naus laus zis no, suav nrog qhov zoo:
- txheej txheem yooj yim;
- tsev siv ceev;
- muaj sijhawm los txuag ntawm cov khoom nqa nqa.
Feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev no kuj hais lus zoo txog kev tsim tsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Lawv sau tseg:
- sib piv pheej yig tsev tsim;
- kub sov lub caij ntuj no;
- kev txuag hluav taws xob.
Yog li, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim tsev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau qhov zoo. Nws muaj txhua txoj hauv kev los ua ib qho ntawm ntau hom kev tsim kho hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.
