Ib qho kev xaiv rau cov plag tsev ntawm cov tsev, cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab yog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Cov khoom siv los ntawm cov qauv tsim no yog ua rau shrinkage thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo rau deformation, vim tias cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob rov kho dua, kev txiav cov khoom tsim tau tsim hauv cov qauv monolithic. Piv txwv li, expansion pob qij txha hauv pob zeb hauv pem teb, lub tsev phab ntsa, ru tsev, txuas hniav.
lawv yog dab tsi?
Lub hauv paus pob zeb zoo li yog lub hauv paus muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov txheej txheem shrinkage, huab cua humidity, kev ua haujlwm loads, av sedimentation, nws txoj kev ntseeg tau ploj mus - nws pib tawg.
txhawm rau muab qee qhov kev ywj pheej rau lub tsev no, cov pob qij txha txuas ntxiv yog tsim hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. SNiP2.03.13-88 thiab nws phau ntawv muajcov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv pem teb tsim thiab installation yuav tsum tau qhia qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug so nyob rau hauv lub screed, underlayment los yog txheej uas muab txheeb ze ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- Txo txo qis deformations los ntawm kev faib cov pob zeb monolithic rau hauv ib qho ntawm daim npav.
- Muaj peev xwm zam kev kho tus nqi nrog kev hloov cov txheej ntxhib thiab yooj yim.
- Nyob rau hauv dynamic loads.
- Txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem.
hom tseem ceeb: insulating sib koom
Qhov kev sib koom ua ke hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, nyob ntawm nws lub hom phiaj, muab faib ua peb hom: insulating, qauv thiab shrinkage.
Insulating txiav yog ua nyob rau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov qauv ntawm chav tsev. Ntawd yog, lawv yog ib qho kev sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov khoom siv hauv paus, kab thiab hauv pem teb. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj kab nrib pleb thaum lub sij hawm shrinkage ntawm pob zeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug ntawm chav tsev haum. Yog hais tias peb tsis quav ntsej lawv cov kev npaj, ces cov screed, thaum qhuav thiab txo nyob rau hauv ntim nrog ib tug nruj adhesion rau phab ntsa, piv txwv li, feem ntau yuav tawg.
Ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yog tsim raws phab ntsa, kab thiab hauv qhov chaw uas cov pob zeb hauv pem teb ciam teb rau lwm hom hauv paus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub seam raug txiav nyob ze ntawm txhua kab tsis sib npaug rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub columnar caij, tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas ib tug ncaj txiav ntog rau ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm kab.
Qhov xav tau hom seam yog ntim nrog cov ntaub ntawv insulating muaj peev xwm tso cai rau kab rov tav thiab ntsug txav ntawm screed txheeb ze rau lub hauv paus, kab thiab phab ntsa. Lub thickness ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke nyob ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm cov screed thiab yog li 13 hli.
Main types: shrink seam
Yog tias cov pob qij txha insulating tiv thaiv kev deformation ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb hauv pem teb hauv qhov chaw ntawm nws txoj kev sib cuag nrog cov phab ntsa, ces kev txiav shrinkage yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov pob zeb tawg tag nrho. Uas yog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm shrinkage ntawm cov khoom. Raws li cov pob zeb dries los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, nro tshwm nyob rau hauv nws, tsim los ntawm hardening ntawm sab saum toj txheej.
Kev npaj ntawm cov pob qij txha nthuav dav hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ntawm hom no tshwm sim raws cov axes ntawm txhua kab, qhov twg cov kev txiav tau koom nrog cov ces kaum ntawm cov pob qij txha nyob ib puag ncig. Daim npav, uas yog, qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv pem teb monolithic, txwv rau txhua sab los ntawm shrinkage seams, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj square, L-shaped thiab elongated rectangular duab yuav tsum zam. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua tiav ob qho tib si thaum lub sij hawm tso pob zeb nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib tsoo, thiab los ntawm kev txiav cov pob qij txha tom qab cov screed tau qhuav.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawg yog ncaj qha proportional rau qhov loj ntawm daim npav. Qhov me me hauv pem teb cheeb tsam txwv los ntawm cov pob qij txha shrinkage, qhov tsawg dua nws yuav tawg. Lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm cov screed kuj raug deformation, yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj pob zeb tawg nyob rau hauv cov chaw zoo li no, nws tseem yuav tsum tau txiav shrink-type seams.
Main hom: siv seam
Kev tiv thaiv zoo ib yam ntawm monolithiccov plag tsev yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev zam yog cov chav nrog ib cheeb tsam me me ntawm kev nchuav thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb. Ib qho kev nthuav dav sib koom ua ke hauv cov pob zeb hauv pem teb ntawm ib hom qauv yog txiav ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov screed, ua rau lub sijhawm sib txawv. Cov duab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev sib txuas yog tsim raws li hom "thorn-groove". Cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv:
- Cov seam yog teem rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1.5 m parallel mus rau lwm hom deformation demarcations.
- Tsim yog tias pob zeb muab tso rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm hnub.
- Cov duab ntawm qhov kawg yuav tsum ua raws li "pos-groove" hom.
- Rau screed thickness txog li 20 cm, 30 degree cone yog ua rau ntawm cov ntoo sab ledges. Cov hlau cones raug tso cai.
- Conical seams tiv thaiv hauv pem teb monolithic los ntawm me kab rov tav txav.
Kev sib koom ua ke hauv cov pob zeb hauv pem teb ntawm cov tsev lag luam
Txoj kev hnav tsis kam yuav tsum raug txwv rau hauv cov plag tsev hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, tsev khaws khoom thiab lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom. Qhov no yog vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv tshuab (kev txav ntawm lub tsheb, cov neeg taug kev, kev cuam tshuam thaum cov khoom poob) thiab qhov ua tau ntawm cov kua hauv pem teb.
Raws li txoj cai, tus qauv tsim ntawm hauv pem teb yog screed thiab txheej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub screed muaj ib tug hauv qab txheej, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj tsim yog nteg tawm ntawm pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv nws yog txiav rau hauv kev sib nrig sibperpendicular cov lus qhia ntawm seam mus txog 6-12 m, 40 mm sib sib zog nqus, nrog tsawg kawg yog 1/3 ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub hauv paus txheej (SNiP 2.03.13-88). Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog qhov sib txuam ntawm kev nthuav dav hauv pem teb nrog kev tiv thaiv zoo sib xws hauv lub tsev.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov plag tsev hauv cov tsev lag luam yog kev tsim cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov pob zeb. Raws li kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov thicknesses sib txawv yog tsim. Nrog lub thickness ntawm 50 hli los yog ntau tshaj, ib tug deformation sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse (SNiP "Floors" p. 8.2.7) yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub transverse thiab longitudinal kev taw qhia nrog repetition ntawm cov ntsiab lus txhua txhua 3-6 m. tsawg tshaj li 40 mm los yog ib feem peb ntawm cov txheej thickness.
Yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv pem teb deformation
Qhob yuav tsum tau txiav nrog ib tug cutter tom qab ob hnub ntawm hardening. Qhov tob ntawm kev txiav raws li cov qauv yog 1/3 ntawm cov pob zeb tuab. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus txheej, nws raug tso cai siv slats kho nrog anti-adhesion tebchaw nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm iab liam gaps ua ntej pouring qhob, uas yog muab tshem tawm tom qab cov khoom hardens thiab raws li tau txais kev tiv thaiv seams.
Qhov qis ntawm cov kab thiab phab ntsa mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej thickness ntawm txheej yuav tsum tau glued nrog dov waterproofing ntaub ntawv los yog foamed polyethylene ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas qhov project muab rau expansion pob qij txha nyob rau hauv pob zeb pem teb. Lub tshuab slicing pib nrog chalk marking thiab tus pas ntsuas rau cov khoom siv dag zog.
Test seam yog qhov qhia txog kev txiav raws sijhawm:Yog hais tias cov nplej ntawm cov aggregate tsis poob ntawm lub pob zeb, tab sis raug txiav los ntawm lub cutter tus hniav, ces lub sij hawm rau tsim cov expansion pob qij txha yog lawm.
Kev kho mob
Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm cov seam yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib khi. Sealing expansion pob qij txha hauv cov pob zeb hauv pem teb yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- A waterstop yog ib daim kab xev ua los ntawm roj hmab, polyethylene los yog PVC, uas yog nteg thaum pouring ib tug qhob screed;
- Cov hlua khi ua los ntawm foamed polyester yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov thiab khaws nws elasticity thaum lub sij hawm hloov kub, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb txav ntawm lub pob zeb pavement;
- Acrylic, polyurethane, latex mastic;
- Deformation profile, muaj cov roj hmab thiab cov lus qhia hlau. Nws tuaj yeem tsim hauv lossis nyiaj siv ua haujlwm.
Ua ntej sib khi, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm qhov khoob yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab tshuab nrog cua compressor (compressor). Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej sab saum toj nrog cov khoom siv los yog polyurethane.
Creation conditions
Kev nthuav dav sib koom ua ke hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse (monolithic) yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Screed, tag nrho cheeb tsam saum toj 40 m2.
- Complex pem teb configuration.
- Kev siv cov hauv pem teb ntawm qhov kub siab.
- Qhov ntev ntawm tav (ib qho txaus) ntawm cov qauv hauv pem teb yog ntau tshaj 8 m.
Kev sib koom ua ke hauv cov pob zeb pob zeb: cov qauv
In xauscov kev cai rau kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv qhov khoob hauv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse raws li cov qauv tau muab.
Cov txheej hauv qab yuav tsum muaj qhov deformation txiav perpendicular rau ib leeg nrog ib kauj ruam ntawm 6 mus rau 12 meters. Qhov sib koom ua ke yog 4 cm sib sib zog nqus thiab yog ib feem peb ntawm cov tuab ntawm cov pob zeb ua pob zeb lossis sub-base.
Nrog rau cov pob zeb pavement thickness ntawm 50 hli los yog ntau tshaj, ib tug deformation sib koom ua ke yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub transverse thiab longitudinal kev taw qhia nrog ib tug rov qab txhua txhua 3-6 m. Cov kev txiav no yuav tsum coincide nrog lub seams ntawm lub hauv pem teb slabs, lub axes ntawm cov kab, thiab qhov expansion qhov khoob ntawm lub hauv paus txheej. Qhov dav txiav yog 3-5mm.
Kev txiav yog nqa tawm ob hnub tom qab tso pob zeb. Kev tiv thaiv kev txiav yog kaw nrog cov hlua tshwj xeeb thiab cov sealants.
