Kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev ib txwm suav nrog kev txhim kho lub ru tsev thiab kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev npog uas muab kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tiv thaiv mus ntev txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo. Kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tas li muab rau cov neeg siv khoom nrog ntau yam khoom siv vov tsev.
Ntau ntawm lawv tau ua tiav cov tswv yim thiab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj tsim tau ntau pua xyoo dhau los nrog cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab. Qhov no tau pom meej meej tshaj plaws los ntawm cov vuas mos, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov muaj peev xwm dav uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom niaj hnub no, thiab cov cim tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm medieval Europe.
Soft vov tsev lossis bitumen shingles yog cov khoom siv niaj hnub siv los npog lub ru tsev thiab muaj fiberglass, bitumen thiab pob zeb granules.
History, ntau yam thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg
Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias thawj cov pobzeb bituminous tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tau txais kev faib khoom lojtsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nyob rau hauv America. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vim cov duab nrog peb petals, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas yuav luag txhua txhua ob lub tsev twb them nrog xws li ib tug ru tsev.
Ib qho nthuav tseeb muaj feem xyuam nrog lub npe. Kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis hauv txhua lub teb chaws yuav luag zoo ib yam, tab sis hauv Asmeskas lo lus "shingle" yog siv ntau dua, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov ntoo vov tsev, thiab hauv Tebchaws Europe, zoo li ua ntej, "tile".
Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, uas suav nrog kev siv cov kua muag-resistant fiberglass ntaub, hloov nrog cov khoom ntxiv los ntawm bitumen polymers thiab bas alt txheej, tau coj mus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv vov tsev ntau yam.
Qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo thiab ntsuas kev tsim khoom
Kev siv lub ru tsev muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Tsis muaj kev zam thiab cov vuas mos. Kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ntau yam xim sib txawv ntawm lwm cov txheej txheem.
Ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog:
- tsis muaj kev nqus dej noo, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj thiab muab kev ruaj ntseg waterproofing;
- ua haujlwm rau txhua qhov kub;
- tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm hluav taws xob ultraviolet, tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsis muaj melting ntawm qhov kub thiab txias;
- ua siab ntev rau yuav luag txhua yam kev cuam tshuam;
- lub teeb thiab yoog raws.
Ib qho, tab sis qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb yog tus nqi tag nrhoua haujlwm. Thaum cov vuas mos yog siv los npog, lub tshuab kev teeb tsa suav nrog cov khoom tsim nyog, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm plywood lossis OSB boards. Txawm hais tias siv lub rooj tsavxwm, cov kev cai nruj heev raug txwv rau nws raws li qhov tuab thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw. Tsob ntoo rings yuav tsum taw.
Hnub no, kev tsim khoom yog nqa tawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, feem ntau hauv Asmeskas thiab Russia. Ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev, Shinglas (TechnoNIKOL), Ruflex, Doke thiab Tegola (ua ke nrog Ltalis) sawv tawm, tuav ntau dua 80% ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Cov lus qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov vuas mos rau txhua qhov chaw tsim khoom muaj nws tus kheej nuances. Tab sis cov kauj ruam yooj yim yog tib yam rau txhua tus. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab zoo dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis uas muaj nyob hauv txhua cov lus qhia, nws yuav tsum nkag siab ob qho tib si cov ntsiab lus siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv.
Txhua lub ntsiab lus pobzeb muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej:
- pom nto;
- qhov chaw sib tshooj;
- txiav tawm;
- nplaum nplaum;
- petal.
ru tsev feem ntau suav nrog:
- pediment thiab cornice overhangs;
- kwj ha los yog cov ces kaum sab hauv ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob txoj kab nqes;
-
tav thiab pob txha, uas yog qhov sib txuas ntawm ob qhov chaw sib txawv.
Txoj txheej txheej yog ua tiav tom qab kev npaj lub ru tsev, suav nrog hydro thiab vapor barrier, rwb thaiv tsev, yog tias tsim nyog, nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov cua.
Kev thev naus laus zis ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov vuas mos suav nrog kev siv ntau yam khoom siv:
- zoo tib yam thiab universal pib vuas, siv rau cornices thiab skates;
- hauv ob sab phlu (cov ntaub pua plag), uas tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam;
- valley sab;
- hlau strips rau overhangs thiab hav, nrog rau kev koom, piv txwv li, ib tug yeeb nkab;
- cua tshuab;
- mastic raws li bitumen thiab polymer additives uas tso cai rau koj ua hauj lwm yam tsis muaj preheating;
- cov ntsia hlau.
Npaj lub ru tsev puag thiab qhov cua
Thaum cov vuas mos siv rau lub ru tsev, ua-nws-koj tus kheej installation tshuab yuav tsum nruj me ntsis raws li tag nrho cov kauj ruam uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia rau kev siv.
Thawj kauj ruam yog ib txwm npaj lub ru tsev saum npoo rau tiling. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv plywood, OSB boards lossis edged boards, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Lub thickness ntawm lub hauv paus yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub rafters ntawm lub ru tsev qauv thiab yog xam raws li cov lus hauv qab no.
| nrug nruab nrab ntawm rafters, mm | OSB mm | Plywood, mm | Board, mm |
| 300 | 9 | 9 | - |
| 600 | 12 | 12 | 20 |
| 900 | 18 | 18 | 23 |
| 1200 | 21 | 21 | 30 |
| 1500 | 27 | 27 | 37 |
Ib qhov sib txawv txog li 5 hli yog sab laug rau lub rooj tsavxwm. Nyob rau hauv huab cua txias, qhov sib txawv ntawm tsawg kawg yog 3 hli yog xav tau rau kev nthuav dav nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Qhov tshwm sim saum npoo yuav tsum yog, tawv thiab tawv.
Kev ua pa kom raug muaj cov khoom siv cua, qhov chaw saum cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov pa tso pa tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cheeb tsam ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob qhib yuav tsum tshaj cov khoom los ntawm 15%. Feem ntau cov cornices tau sewn nrog cov khoom tiav, tsis muaj qhov nkag mus, uas yog qhov ua txhaum loj.
Txhim kho cov kab txaij thiab hauv qab
Txhawm rau ua kom pom cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa, piv txwv li, Shinglas mos pobzeb installation thev naus laus zis, uas nyob ntau dua 40% ntawm kev lag luam Lavxias, yog siv.
Cov cornices tshwj xeeb hlau, feem ntau hu ua droppers, yog tsau rau ntawm lub hauv paus npaj nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Lawv tau nruab nrog qhov sib tshooj ntawm txog 50 hli thiab tsau hauv zigzag increments txog li 150 hli. Ntawm cov pob qij txha, lub suab raug txo kom 30 hli.
Tom qab ntawd, kev teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus pib, uas muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis rau cov kab nqes nrog cov kaum sib txawv.
Rau cov hav thiab eaves, yob cov khoom siv, npog nrog ib qhosab nrog ib tug nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas yog txuas mus rau lub ru tsev nto thiab yuav tsum tau ntsia ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm cornices, tsis ncav cuag lub 30 hli bar.
Hauv hav, nws tau 500 hli ntawm txhua sab, raws eaves raws tag nrho qhov dav ntawm lub overhang thiab ntxiv 600 hli hauv lub ru tsev. Kab rov tav sib tshooj yog 100 hli, ntsug - 150 hli. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ntseeg siab, lub hauv paus raug kho raws li ib puag ncig nrog rau cov ntsia hlau hauv increments tsis tshaj 250 mm.
Rau qhov seem ntawm lub ru tsev saum npoo, cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv, uas yog muab tso rau hauv qab mus rau qhov sib npaug mus rau eaves thiab tsau nrog rau tes. Cov chaw sib tshooj kuj tau kho nrog mastic yam tsawg kawg 100 mm.
Ntawm cov tav, ridges thiab fractures ntawm txoj kab nqes, lub hauv paus yog 500 hli ntawm txhua sab, uas yog, tag nrho qhov dav. Tsuas yog ib nrab yob ntawm 500 hli yog siv rau gables thiab raws phab ntsa sib txuas.
Thaum kawg ntawm theem no, cov slats pem hauv ntej tau teeb tsa los tiv thaiv cua thiab ya raws. Lawv kho nrog cov ntsia hlau hauv increments ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 150 mm.
Txhim kho hav tiv thaiv
Vendova yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm kho nws yog tsim nyog los disassemble ob lub ru tsev slopes tib lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, thaum txhim kho cov vuas, tshwj xeeb yog them rau nws.
Tom qab txhim kho tag nrho cov hauv qab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cais cov hav. Rau qhov no, ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv ob sab phlu 1000 mm dav yog siv, uas yog nteg 500 mm ntawm txhua sab hla lub hauv paus uas twb muaj lawm.offset mus txog 30 mm.
Cov npoo ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig yog smeared nrog mastic yam tsawg kawg yog 100 mm dav. Tom qab gluing, tag nrho ib puag ncig yog ntxiv kho nrog rau cov ntsia hlau tsis pub dhau 30 hli los ntawm ntug increments ntawm 250 mm.
Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom lub hauv paus ruaj khov, qhov dav ntawm qhov sib tshooj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 300 hli nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau smearing ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam nrog mastic. Nws yuav tsum muab tso ze rau saum toj li qhov ua tau.
Kev npaj rau kev tso thiab teeb tsa ntawm qhov pib strip
Soft ru tsev muaj nws tus kheej subtleties, tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv thiab nta ntawm ntau lawm. Ob peb pob khoom siv tib lub sijhawm kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib qho ntxoov ntxoo. Rau tib lub laj thawj, thaum siv cov vuas mos, kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis hauv lub caij ntuj no tsuas yog ob peb lub pob uas tau coj los ntawm qhov chaw sov.
Ua ntej kev teeb tsa, nws raug nquahu kom co lawv thiab khoov lawv ob peb zaug. Nws yog kev poob siab heev los siv pob khoom los ntawm ntau pawg.
Nws raug nquahu kom siv lub mesh rau hauv ob sab phlu siv lub npog ntsej muag, uas yuav pab txhawb txoj kev teeb tsa. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab rov tav sib haum rau qhov loj ntawm 5 kab ntawm cov vuas, qhov ntsug nrug yog 1000 hli lossis qhov ntev ntawm ib lub shingle. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom nrawm nrawm lossis ua kom yooj yim dua yog tias muaj ib qho ntxiv hauv lub ru tsev.
Kev teeb tsa pib los ntawm hauv qab los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm txoj kab nqes. Rau qhov pib sawb, ib qho tshwj xeeb universal keeb los yog cov pobzeb zoo tib yam uas tsis muaj petals yog siv. Lawv raug ntsia raunplaum lub hauv paus ntawm sab nraub qaum thiab kho nrog 4 ntsia hlau nyob ib ncig ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsis pub tshaj 30 hli. Yog hais tias ib lub pobzeb trimmed zoo tib yam tsis muaj cov nplaum nplaum siv rau qhov pib, nws yuav tsum tau smeared nrog mastic.
Txhob pobzeb
Kev teeb tsa yog tsim nrog kev txiav tawm nrog qhov indent ntawm 10 mm los ntawm qhov pib. Cov pobzeb yog tsau nrog cov ntsia hlau raws li qhov chaw faib. Rau txoj kab nqes nrog lub kaum sab xis txog li 45 °, 4 ntsia hlau yog siv, uas yog fastened 25 hli ntawm ntug thiab pom cheeb tsam, uas tso cai rau koj kho 2 lub ntsiab lus tib lub sijhawm. Rau 90 °, cov ntsia hlau yog ob npaug. Nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov paj, cov kev xaiv sib txawv tuaj yeem ua tau, tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv chaotic thiab ib qho orthogonal.
Nyob hauv hav, qhov chaw ntawm qhov gutter yog cim ua ntej, los ntawm qhov uas nws thim rov qab 300 hli nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia, thaj tsam uas cov ntsia hlau tsis tawg yog txiav txim siab. Cov pobzeb yog txiav mus rau qhov loj me thiab yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov ntsia hlau thiab mastic. Lub ces kaum sab sauv ze rau ntawm lub hav raug txiav tawm kom rov qab dej.
Nyob rau ntawm gables, cov vuas yog tsau tsis ncav cuag 10 mm rau ntawm ntug nrog rau obligatory txiav ntawm lub ces kaum sab sauv, raws li nyob rau hauv lub hav. Kev kho ntawm ntug yog nqa tawm siv mastic, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus 100 hli, thiab rau tes.
Cov kav dej, qhov cua thiab ridges
Rau qhov txuas rau cov yeeb nkab, siv lub hauv paus rau lub hav lossis hlau nrog kev kho corrosion. Cov khoom yog coj mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab los ntawm 300 mm thiabzoo tib yam vuas ntawm 200 hli nrog obligatory txheej ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam nrog mastic. Tom qab ntawd, cov nplais yog tsau rau ntawm nws, ua ib lub qhov dej ntawm 80 mm dav. Sab saum toj yog kaw nrog hlau strips, tom qab uas nws yog kho nrog ib tug sealant.
Qhov cua lossis lwm yam khoom siv thev naus laus zis tau teeb tsa siv cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb kho ntawm lub ru tsev nto nrog mastic thiab rau tes. Tom qab ntawd, cov pobzeb txuas ib ncig ntawm lawv.
Lub npoo yog kaw nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb profile, uas yog tsau nrog rau cov ntsia hlau, ces, ua ke nrog cov tav, yog them nrog ridge vuas ntawm tib xim. Txhawm rau kom tau txais nws, koj tuaj yeem txiav ib tus kheej ntiag tug ua peb ntu. Kev teeb tsa yog tsim los ntawm hauv qab mus rau qhov sib tshooj txog li 50 hli thiab kho nrog 4 tus ntsia hlau.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov nplais muag, cov cuab yeej txuas hauv cov duab saum toj no thiab hauv qab no lees paub qhov no, yog cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab yooj yim uas yog deservedly nrov.
Ntawm cov vuas los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom sib txawv
Technology ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov vuas mos "Tegola" xyaum tsis txawv ntawm "Shinglas". Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab lub npe ntawm cov khoom siv thaum lub sij hawm installation.
Lwm cov chaw tsim khoom, "Doc", yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke rau txhua yam khoom siv rau kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev, uas, ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem, suav nrog rwb thaiv tsev, vapor barrier thiab qhov cua ducts. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov vuas mos "Doc" muaj tag nrho cov theem tseem ceeb hauv thawj ob lub tuam txhab, sib txawv thaum tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.npog rau thaj chaw teeb meem thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm tus kheej.
Txawm li cas los xij yog xaiv, txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo, tus nqi pheej yig, kev lees paub thiab cov lus qhia ntxaws uas teb txhua lo lus nug thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm.
