DIY brickwork: hom, thev naus laus zis thiab cov lus pom zoo

Cov txheej txheem:

DIY brickwork: hom, thev naus laus zis thiab cov lus pom zoo
DIY brickwork: hom, thev naus laus zis thiab cov lus pom zoo

Video: DIY brickwork: hom, thev naus laus zis thiab cov lus pom zoo

Video: DIY brickwork: hom, thev naus laus zis thiab cov lus pom zoo
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Anonim

Cib yog cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho tau ntev. Yog tsis muaj exaggeration, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tuaj yeem siv qhov tseeb hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev. Raws li brickwork loj txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev cai thiab masonry technology.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau haujlwm?

brickwork thickness
brickwork thickness

Ua-nws-koj tus kheej brickwork tsis yog li nyuaj, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li tag nrho cov cai thiab nkag siab qhov koj xav tau raws nraim li qhov tshwm sim. Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog ua tiav kev npaj ua ntej, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum npaj ib lub mortar, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau kev tso cib, xaiv hom koj xav tau ua ntej.

Npaj ua haujlwm

Thawj yam uas yuav tsum ua yog ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus. Brickwork tsis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo yog tias qhov chaw tsis yog thawj theem. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem pib ua cov dej tsis muaj dej. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog nthuav tawm lub ru tsev muaj txoj hlua hauvob peb txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib tshawb xyuas qhov chaw siv cov qib hydraulic. Tag nrho cov irregularities yog kho nrog ib tug daws. Thaum koj ua tiav qhov no, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj puas tau tso cai pib ua phab ntsa.

Npaj cov tshuaj

Kev sib piv ntawm ob lub tsev cib
Kev sib piv ntawm ob lub tsev cib

Bricklaying yog ua tiav siv cov pa cement-sand mortar. Hauv qhov no, tus qauv piv ntawm cov cement thiab xuab zeb hauv kilograms yog 1: 4 lossis 1: 6. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg yog kev hloov chaw ntawm bricks txheeb ze rau ib leeg. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej brickwork yog ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas cov bricks muaj siab nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm thiab compression, tab sis tsis rupture. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj feem ntau yog ua lean, thiab av nplaum los yog txiv qaub yog ntxiv rau plasticity, uas txhim khu lub fluidity ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Ib nqe lus me ntsis: txiv qaub tuaj yeem hloov nrog xab npum (kua xab npum, ntxhua khaub ncaws).

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov nuances uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account: xws li mortar tsis haum rau hollow cib, vim tias cov sib tov yuav ntws mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb, thiab qhov no txo cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw tag nrho cov khoom xyaw nrog cov dej ntxiv. Nws tsis pom zoo kom npaj cov tshuaj ntau dhau, vim tias nws yuav tawv sai, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua nws hauv qhov me me. Txhawm rau sib tov cov tshuaj, koj yuav tsum sib xyaw cov xuab zeb nrog cov cement raws li kev suav proportions, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov kua, plasticizer thiab tsim ib homogeneous sib tov. Cib phab ntsa yuav tsum tau pw nrog mortar,uas nyob rau hauv sib xws zoo li tuab zib ntab los yog tsev cheese.

Yuav ua li cas cov cuab yeej koj yuav tsum tau siv hauv koj txoj haujlwm?

Yuav ua txhua yam haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov cuab yeej ua ntej. Master yuav xav tau:

  • Khawv koob. Ib lub cuab yeej siv los ntxuav lub extruded mortar thaum lub sij hawm haum ntawm cib. Sab nraub qaum ntawm tus kov kho qhov tso ntawm phab ntsa cib.
  • Bulgarian. Tsim los rau kev txiav pob zeb.
  • Ntxhais-xaiv. Yuav tsum tau sib cais cib.
  • Jointing, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev txiav seams.
  • hnab looj tes ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob ua rau koj txhais tes qias neeg.
  • Tsib tsev rau kev ua vaj tsev.
  • Pumb kab los tsim kom muaj qhov ntsug ntawm masonry.
  • Kev txiav txim, uas tswj cov masonry yog tias ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab.
  • Cord-mooring, uas yog ncab ntawm kev txiav txim. Ib lub cuab yeej siv los tswj qhov kev ua tiav ntawm masonry.

Nco nco thaum pw?

Cib tso
Cib tso

Muaj ntau hom kev cib, tab sis ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm pib ua haujlwm ntsib teeb meem. Feem ntau qhov no yog kev tshem tawm ntawm txoj cai kaum sab xis, tso cov khoom ntawm tib theem thiab raws kab. Tag nrho cov xim yuav tsum tau them tam sim ntawd rau thawj kab. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ua vaj tse, tsuas yog siv txoj hlua khi lossis lub tiaj tiaj hauv koj txoj haujlwm. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau cov lus qhia, yog li lub cib yuav tsum tau muab tso rau me ntsis ua ntej nws (tawm qhov deb ntawm ob peb millimeters). Kab rov tav masonry yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm theem, cov txheej txheem no yog heevNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub hauv ntej masonry zoo nkauj.

Yuav ua li cas ci ci?

Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv uas nws tiv thaiv huab cua tsawg kawg yog peb caug-tsib lub voj voog. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, thawj kab ntawm cov cib yuav tsum tau muab tso rau yam tsis muaj mortar txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim txoj haujlwm ntawm cov pob qij txha ntsug. Yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav cov khoom tsis tsim nyog, txuag ntawm mortar, yog li imitation ntawm brickwork yog ib qho yuav tsum tau!

Yog tias koj muaj ib lub cib ua tes, ces nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ib qho thais. Feem ntau bricks los ntawm ob peb txawv pallets yog siv thaum lub sij hawm masonry. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom yog muab los ntawm lub pallet diagonally. Vim li cas thiaj nyuaj li no? Qhov no tsuas yog ua kom txawm tias tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis txhob siv ib nrab-cib hauv cov ces kaum, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm lub tsev.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov cib?

cib tso
cib tso

Cov hom masonry hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

  • solid;
  • lite;
  • reinforced;
  • decorative;

Qhov txawv ntawm txhua hom yog dab tsi? Qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm.

Zoo masonry

Qhov no yog cov qauv monolithic, lub thickness ntawm brickwork yog raws nraim ib nrab ntawm lub cib nws tus kheej. Cov khoom yog muab tso rau ntawm cov npoo sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa. Cov kab no hu ua versts, tab sis cov ntim nruab nrab ntawm lawv hu ua zabiutkas.

Lub teeb ci ntsa iab

hom no yog siv thaum tsim cov khoom me me. nyob rau hauv kev tsim khomasonry ntawm ib khub ntawm parallel phab ntsa, qhov dav ntawm uas yog ib nrab ntawm cib. Hauv kev ua haujlwm nws yuav tsim nyog siv cov khoom cib tshwj xeeb, nws yog txwv tsis pub txiav lawv. Lub pier nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los siv cov thev naus laus zis no hauv kev xyaum ntawm qhov siab, vim tias nws yuav tsim nyog ua kab ntawm poking los ntawm ib lub 'meter' (qhov no yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws).

brickwork nyob rau hauv sab hauv
brickwork nyob rau hauv sab hauv

Qhov kev xaiv no yog siv rau hauv kev xyaum thaum tus qauv raug rau siab heev. Thaum tsim cov ntsug thiab kab rov tav masonry, nws yuav tsum tau muab qhov kev txhawb zog rau hauv cov seams, cov seams yuav tsum tau ua txog plaub millimeters tuab dua li txoj kab uas hla ntawm tus pas nrig nws tus kheej. Transverse reinforcement suav nrog kev siv cov duab plaub lossis zigzag hlau meshes, uas tau muab tso rau txhua peb kab.

Kho kom zoo nkauj thiab lined masonry

Hom no muaj ob peb yam hloov pauv. Feem ntau: nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev muaj peb rab diav kab, nrog rau kev sib txuas ntawm kab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws raug tso cai rau alternate ceramic tig thiab silicate cib. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no brickwork yog siv nyob rau hauv sab hauv los tsim ib tug thawj tsim kev daws teeb meem.

Thaum txhim tsa ib phab ntsa, nws tseem yog kab nrog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj los ntawm sab nraud. Cov kab no yog khi nrog cov masonry ntawm phab ntsa ntawm theem ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kab.

Masonry nta

Cib tab tom tso
Cib tab tom tso

Thawj yam uas yuav tsum tau nteg tawm cov ces kaum ntawm phab ntsa. Lawv yuav tsum yog me ntsis saum nruab nrab. Ua txhua yam kom raug, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ncab txoj hlua mooring los qhia qhov siab thiab kab ntawm masonry. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob sagging, txoj hlua yuav tsum tau rub kom nruj heev thiab ntuav beacons kom tswj tau nws.

Kev txiav txim yog qhov zoo rau kev kos duab. Cov khoom yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hlau kaum, nyob rau hauv uas nws tso cai rau siv cov cim tshwj xeeb los qhia rau theem ntawm masonry. Ntawm cov ces kaum, ob peb lub pob zeb thawj zaug tau tsau rau hauv qhov siab, txhua yam raug kho los ntawm qib, thiab tom qab ntawd, ua tsaug rau lub bracket, qhov kev txiav txim kuj tau kho. Ib tug kav dej los yog theem guarantees lub verticality ntawm tus qauv. Lub mooring qaum kuj yuav tsum tau rub raws li cov cim uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Yog tias cov phab ntsa ntev txog li peb meters, ces qhov kev txiav txim tuaj yeem hloov nrog lub kaum sab xis ntev, lub teeb yuag ua los ntawm profile lossis aluminium. Cov ces kaum kuj yuav pab xyuas kom meej tias tus qauv tsim ncaj thiab theem.

Tsis txhob hnov qab: thaum tso, nco ntsoov khi lub cib. Cov seams nyob rau hauv cov kab uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum tsis sib xws, thiab tom qab tsib kab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau nteg lub reinforcing mesh.

pib masonry yog yuav tsum tau nrog ib tug yooj yim ib: quav thawj kab ntawm cov qauv tsis muaj mortar, tshem tawm tag nrho cov shortcomings. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, ua ib tug imitation ntawm brickwork. Thaum koj ua qhov no, xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj omissions. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib tso ncaj qha nrog cov sib tov. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws raug nquahu kom moisten lub cib nrog dej: tsuas yog dipped rau hauv ib lub tais loj ntawm cov kua, thiab tom qab ntawdpob.

Thaum ua haujlwm, lub khwb, lub trowel kov, lossis txawm tias koj lub nrig rau tapping lub cib thiab qib nws yuav pab tau koj zoo heev. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau tag nrho cov tshuaj uas yog nyem tawm nrog ib lub trowel thiab ncuav rau hauv lub thoob. Qhov no yog li cas koj yuav maj mam kho cov cib, tshem tawm cov mortar ntau dhau thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig koj xav tau nyob rau theem.

Yuav suav cov ntaub ntawv li cas?

Yuav ua kom raug xam cov nqi ntawm cov khoom, npaj cov phiaj xwm ntxaws. Koj yuav tsum kos tag nrho cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cib rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab suav lawv tus lej kom meej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tus qauv ntsuas ntawm ib lub cib thaiv yog 250 × 120 × 60 millimeters. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsuas yuav txawv me ntsis, nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv lub cib ua ntej yuav siv hauv kev ua haujlwm, nrhiav nws qhov ntev, ua ib txoj kev npaj, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd yuav cov khoom siv raw.

Yuav ua li cas cov lus qhia koj tuaj yeem ua kom tsis txhob yuam kev?

Cib phab ntsa mus rau hauv qhov deb
Cib phab ntsa mus rau hauv qhov deb

Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis txhawm rau ua kom txoj haujlwm ua tiav raws li qhov ua tau:

  1. Kom paub meej tias cov cib thaum lub sij hawm tso tsis muaj lub kaum sab xis load, tab sis tsuas yog compressive siab, nws yuav tsum tau tso cov kab nruj me ntsis rau ib leeg. Lub kaum sab xis loj tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog 17 degrees.
  2. Txoj kab thiab kab ntsug ntsug yuav tsum ib txwm sib luag, thaum muaj cov khoom sib khi ntawm lawv.
  3. Nyob rau sab ntsej muag ntawm cov cib, yuav tsum tau tsim ntau lub tshuab ua ke, uas tau muab tso rau hauv ib leeg.phooj ywg.

Kev ywj pheej brickwork yam tsis muaj kev paub ntau yuav tsis ua haujlwm thawj zaug. Nws tsim nyog xyaum ua ntej, tsim cov ntaiv me me lossis cov ncej, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov phab ntsa. Yog hais tias koj xav siv brickwork nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv, ces koj yuav tsum tsis txhob maj, txwv tsis pub txhua yam yuav puas. xyaum. Yog tias tag nrho lwm yam ua tsis tiav, ces koj tuaj yeem yuav cov ntawv tshwj xeeb rau brickwork. Lawv pheej yig thiab saib zoo heev.

Pom zoo: