Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes

Cov txheej txheem:

Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes
Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes

Video: Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes

Video: Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes
Video: Lam nrog kuv caij luv cav-Yeej Xyooj nkauj tawm tshiab 2021 Hãy đi xe máy với anh nhé [MV official] 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Strip foundation yog hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus rau kev tsim vaj tsev rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Tab sis muaj lwm yam ntawm nws, uas yog hu ua lub hauv paus ntiav. Qhov tob ntawm nws nteg tsis ntau tshaj 700 hli, nws yog tsim los rau kev npaj ntawm heaving xau thiab nyob rau saum toj no cov av freezing cheeb tsam.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub hauv paus no yog lub hauv paus zoo li no tso cai rau koj los ua kom cov dej khov ntawm cov av. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov qauv yog nruj heev, tab sis nrog rau lub luj ntawm lub tsev nws txav mus thiab down nyob ntawm seb lub caij. Xws li lub hauv paus tsis tob heev, tab sis hloov mus sib npaug, yog li kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev vibrations tsis tshwm sim.

Ua ntej koj nteg ib lub hauv paus ntiav, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov tswv yim ntawm nws cov cuab yeej. Thawj yog daim kab xev, ces muaj ib txheej ntawm waterproofing thiab ntsug waterproofing, uas yuav tsum tau coated. Tom ntej no los qhov kev txhawb zog, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov pas nriguas tuaj yeem sib npaug li 8-12 mm. Lwm qhov yog lub plinth, ua raws li phab ntsa.

siv thaj chaw

ntiav strip foundation rau lub tsev
ntiav strip foundation rau lub tsev

Ntxaib sawb lub hauv paus yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tsev qis qis rau ntau lub hom phiaj los ntawm cov khoom siv uas yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj lub siab ntawm lub hauv paus. Ntawm cov qauv no nws tsim nyog hais txog:

  • log cabins;
  • lub teeb ci ci;
  • cellular pob zeb;
  • frame-panel buildings.

Raws li cov pob zeb ntawm tes, lawv tseem hu ua lub teeb thiab sawv cev los ntawm cov roj silicate blocks thiab ua npuas ncauj. Yog tias lub hauv paus muaj qhov dav dav, ces nws yuav ua tau ib lub tsev hnyav los ntawm ib lub cav lossis ntoo rau ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov av yuav khov mus rau qhov tob tsis tseem ceeb, yog li muaj peev xwm deformation ntawm tus qauv.

Yog tias lub tsev yuav sawv cev los ntawm lub tsev loj, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lub hauv paus monolithic sawb. Kev ua kom qhov dav ntawm daim kab xev tso cai rau koj los tsim cov tsev hnyav dua, uas yog ua tiav los ntawm lub qab nthab. Qhov dav dav ntawm daim kab xev, yog li lub plinth, txo qhov tob ntawm cov av khov hauv qhov chaw hauv qab.

Yam yuav tsum xav

ntiav strip foundation hauv qab lub tsev
ntiav strip foundation hauv qab lub tsev

Ua ntej koj nteg ib lub hauv paus ntiav, koj yuav tsum xav txog hom av. Xws li lub hauv paus tuaj yeem nruab rau ntawm cov av heaving. Tab sis cov av biogenic organic tsis haum rau lub hom phiaj no, av nplaum yuav tsum tau suav nrog ntawm no,sapropelic av, nrog rau cov av peat. Qhov thib ob, peb tab tom tham txog sediments los ntawm cov dej tshiab reservoirs.

Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj kuj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account theem ntawm cov dej hauv av. Qhov ze lawv nyob rau saum npoo, qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm lub hauv paus yuav ntau dua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub nra ntawm lub hauv paus, nrog rau qhov siab sib txawv. Yog hais tias lub struts yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb poob, uas yog muaj tseeb thaum lub tsev yog ua nyob rau hauv txoj kab nqes, lub hauv paus yuav muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib txwm sawb foundation yog nteg, thiab lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem yog leveling cheeb tsam rau ib tug ntiav qauv. Yog tias peb suav nrog tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj thiab sijhawm, ces ob qho kev xaiv yuav sib npaug.

Ib lub hauv paus ntiav strip yog tsim tsuas yog tom qab ntsuas qhov tob ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev nyab xeeb, los yog qhov tob ntawm cov av khov. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom bookmark ntawm qhov siab, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev rho tawm 20% ntawm qhov tob tob. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias lub hauv paus yuav nce nrog lub tsev. Qhov tob tsawg kawg nkaus yog tswj hwm los ntawm SNiP II-B.1-62.

Calculation

ntaus ntawv ntawm ib tug ntiav strip foundation
ntaus ntawv ntawm ib tug ntiav strip foundation

Qhov tob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov dej hauv av thiab cov kab khov. Txhawm rau xam lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov av, uas yog sib npaug rau plaub npaug ntawm qhov dav. Qhov siab saum av yuav tsum tsawg dua, qee zaum nws sib npaug qhov tob.

Davtxiav txim los ntawm cov mis: D \u003d q / R, qhov twg D yog qhov dav ntawm ib leeg, thiab q yog cov xam load ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov tsim kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov av yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv R.

Nqe lus qhia

ntiav-depth strip foundation rau da dej
ntiav-depth strip foundation rau da dej

Yog tias koj xav txhim kho lub hauv paus ntiav ntiav ntawm cov av heaving, koj yuav tsum nug txog nws cov nqi. Tus nqi yuav txawv ntawm 4,000 txog 6,000 rubles. rau 'meter'. Tus nqi yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, ntawm lawv peb yuav tsum tau hais txog: qhov siab, qhov dav thiab tus naj npawb ntawm jumpers.

Piv txwv li, ib lub tsev yuav tsum tau muab, qhov ntev ntawm 6 x 6 m. Lub hauv paus rau lub tsev yuav raug nqi txog 80,000 rubles. Yog tias qhov loj ntawm lub tsev nce mus rau 10 x 10 m, ces tus nqi tuaj yeem nce mus rau 150,000 rubles.

ntau yam ntawm qhov ntiav ntiav

ntiav-depth strip foundation ntawm heaving
ntiav-depth strip foundation ntawm heaving

Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub hauv paus ntiav, koj yuav tsum nug seb hom ntawm lub hauv paus muaj nyob niaj hnub no. Ntawm lawv, ib tus tuaj yeem ua ib qho qauv monolithic, uas yog nchuav rau ntawm qhov chaw, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais daim kab xev seamless.

Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus thaiv, uas muaj cov khoom lag luam sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Cov khoom kho qhov no yog cov cement mortar.

Tsim lub hauv paus ntiav: kev npaj

xam ntawm ib tug ntiav sawb foundation
xam ntawm ib tug ntiav sawb foundation

Ua ntej koj tsimntiav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tau tso chaw rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam uas yog superfluous, xws li ntoo thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Pegs rau kev cim yog ntsia rau ntawm thaj chaw. Lawv yuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim txoj kab ntawm kev khawb ib lub trench. Txoj hlua yuav ua tus qhia.

Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv qib laser thaum kos npe. Beacons yog clogged nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas cov kab pheeb ces kaum. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov beacons raug txav mus. Kauj ruam rov qab los ntawm lawv txog ib 'meter', koj yuav tsum tau ua ib qho chaw dig muag. Ib txoj hlua yog tsau rau ntawm lub qhov muag tsis pom cov laug cam, uas yuav taw tes rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub hauv paus.

Cov txheej txheem cim tau ua tiav los ntawm kev khawb ib lub trench. Nws yuav yog ib daim hlab ntawm excavated av. Qhov tob ntawm lub qhov yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tob ntawm cov qauv thiab lub thickness ntawm lub hauv ncoo. Ib tug ntiav sawb foundation rau ib lub tsev feem ntau muaj qhov tob ntawm 300 mm. Lub hauv ncoo yog pw nrog lub thickness ntawm 200 hli, uas nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov av. Qhov tob ntawm qhov trench nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav yog 500 mm. Raws li hom av, koj yuav tsum pib nchuav lub hauv paus tam sim ntawd, txwv tsis pub cov phab ntsa ntawm cov trench yuav tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm yuav tsum rov ua dua.

Cushion npaj thiab formwork installation

ntiav strip foundation rau aerated qhob tsev
ntiav strip foundation rau aerated qhob tsev

Ib lub cushion yog muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus, uas yog ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab gravel. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis nws yooj yim dua los sau rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Txhua txheej yog wetted nrog dej thiab compacted zoo. Yog vim li cas lub hauv ncoo yuav tig tawm mus rau qhov ntxeem tau, nws yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm lub hauv pauswaterproofing zaj duab xis. Lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho no tuaj yeem yog cov av ntuj, tab sis nws cov kabmob muaj peev xwm qis dua cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb npaj.

Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev yog nchuav rau hauv lub formwork, uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej. Nws muaj cov laug cam uas tau kho nrog kev txhawb nqa nruab rau hauv increments ntawm 600 mm. Lawv yuav tsis suav nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm formwork nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm pob zeb. Cov laug cam yuav tsum haum kom nruj raws li qhov ua tau rau ib leeg, thaum tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. Qhov no yuav zam kev ua haujlwm ntawm theem ntawm lub hauv paus rau cladding.

Ua ntej nchuav, nws raug nquahu kom dej cov formwork nrog dej, ces cov pob zeb yuav pw ntau sib npaug ntawm cov npoo. Txhua 50 hli ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej, lub mortar raug ntaus tawm, uas tso cai rau cov cua npuas raug tshem tawm, uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntiav rau da dej, ces qhov kev txhawb zog tuaj yeem hla mus. Tab sis nrog kev txhawb zog, lub hauv paus yuav ruaj khov dua.

Rau qhov kev ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm no, koj yuav tsum xub sau cov txheej txheem pib, uas yuav tsum yog 30% ntawm tag nrho qhov siab. Qhov no yuav tsim ib qho chaw tiaj tus rau tso cov hlau thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ya raws. Tom ntej no, lub reinforcement yog knitted, uas ces haum rau hauv lub trench. Tom qab ntawd lub pob zeb yog nchuav rau qhov siab xav tau.

Hlau yog siv rau knitting. Ib txoj hauv kev paub ntau dua rau qhov teeb meem no yog kev siv cov vuam vuam. Tab sis txoj kev no muaj ob peb qhov tsis zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws,koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab vuam thiab lwm yam kev txawj ntse. Qhov thib ob, qhov kub ntawm qhov vuam arc ua rau poob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov pas nrig hardened. Thib peb, vuam ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau rebars nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntau tshaj 20 mm.

Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog qhov nce ntawm qhov rigidity ntawm lub tawb ntxiv. Ib lub hauv paus ntiav yuav txav mus raws caij nyoog, yog li muaj zog rigidity tuaj yeem ua rau nws tawg. Qhov tshwm sim yuav yog qhov yuav tsum tau kho lossis ua tiav kev hloov ntawm lub hauv paus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv overdrying ntawm pob zeb thiab tsim cov kab nrib pleb, cov tshuaj yog them nrog zaj duab xis thiab moistened nrog dej ib ntus.

Insulation

Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus ntiav ntiav tuaj yeem nqa nrog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, uas yog txoj hauv kev thoob ntiaj teb. Cov khoom siv no muaj peev xwm txuag hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab ua kom muaj dej noo ntau ntxiv. Kev teeb tsa yooj yim heev, Styrofoam yog fireproof, ntxiv rau, nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab muaj tus nqi qis.

Thaum thawj theem, koj yuav tsum tau npaj, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev xav tau los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus nrog ib txheej waterproofing. Nws tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm bitumen. Nws yog siv rau phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus thiab hauv qab daus. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv lwm yam khoom siv dej tsis zoo hauv daim ntawv yob raws li bitumen. Nws gluing yog nqa tawm ntawm sab uas xav tau thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim nyog los siv bituminous mastic. Lub resulting txheej yog them los ntawm saum toj no nrog ib tug ntom zaj duab xis los yog geotextile. Qhov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuavyog li ntawd qhov saum npoo yog sib npaug, thiab cov av, thaum heaving, tsis tuaj yeem puas.

Thaum kawg, koj tuaj yeem pib tso cov kav dej. Tom qab ntawd lub trench yog backfilled nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm xuab zeb thiab gravel. Yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub hauv paus ntiav ntiav nrog koj tus kheej tes, ces koj tuaj yeem nteg polystyrene ua npuas ncauj daim hlau uas siv cov roj burner. Cov ntaub ntawv yob yog rhuab ntawm ob peb lub ntsiab lus, thiab tom qab ntawd siv rau ntawm phab ntsa. Gluing tseem tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm txheej txheej ntawm bituminous txheej, uas yog siv los ua cov dej tsis zoo. Ib qho piv txwv zoo heev yog bituminous mastic.

Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob yuam kev

Qhov feem ntau yuam kev hauv kev tsim kho ntawm txoj siv ntiav yog qhov nce ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov qauv, uas ua rau kom muaj zog ntxiv, thaum nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Cov nqi no tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Ncej ntoo vaj tse yog hloov tau heev. Yog tias ua ke nrog tib lub hauv paus ntiav, qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev sib npaug, uas tsis ntshai ntawm cov av deformation loj heev vim Frost heaving.

Txawm li cas los xij yog tias tsis yog 40 cm daim kab xev ib txoj kab 80 cm yog tsim, qhov no ua rau kom tau txais lub hauv paus nruj, uas tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab te hnyav hnyav. Yog tias, txawm li cas los xij, 40 cm tsis txaus rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntiav rau cov pob zeb aerated, ces qhov siab tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog brickwork los yog lwm daim kab xev monolithic, siv kev sib cais hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem dej. Qhov no yuav xyuas kom meej tias ob daim kab xev swb thaum khoov. Cov qauv hauv norooj plaub yuav siab, thiab nws yooj yuav tsis raug txo. Koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib daim kab xev ntxiv tsawg dua qhov tseem ceeb.

Yuav rov qab siv

Nthuav sawb lub hauv paus rau aerated qhob tsev tuaj yeem muaj lub ncoo ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum saib xyuas cov tuab, uas tsis zoo ib yam hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov qauv ntawm VSN-29-85, ces koj yuav tsum nteg 30 cm ntawm xuab zeb thiab pob zeb. Hauv kev xyaum, cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv uas lub thickness ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam yog 20 cm. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev paub thaum tsuas yog siv xuab zeb, pw nrog lub thickness ntawm 40 cm. Qee zaum tsuas yog siv cov pob zeb crushed, npaj nrog cov tib thickness.

In xaus

Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv me me xws li cib lossis thaiv, ces lub hauv paus ntiav yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Yog, thiab rau lub tsev los yog da dej ntawm ib lub bar, qhov kev daws teeb meem no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim kho kev tsim kho tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm cov av nyuaj. Nws tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau nyiaj txiag kev tsim kho. Xws li lub hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw tom qab columnar thiab pawg qauv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub hauv paus zoo li no, nws muaj peev xwm muab ntau qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab ua kom muaj kev siv hauv qab daus theem.

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