Siv cov txheej txheem yuav pab txhawb kev npaj thiab suav cov hauv paus, piv txwv ntawm kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus yuav yooj yim rau kev suav. Raws li cov lus pom zoo tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm, nws muaj peev xwm zam kev ua yuam kev hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv xaiv (kaum, pawg, kab xev lossis slab hom).
Pillar puag
Piv txwv li, ib lub tsev ib-zaj dab neeg yog siv nrog cov kev txwv ntawm 6x6 m, nrog rau cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov ntoo 15x15 cm (volumetric hnyav yog 789 kg / m³), tiav rau sab nraud nrog clapboard ntawm yob rwb thaiv tsev. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb: qhov siab - 800 mm thiab dav - 200 mm (volumetric loj ntawm cov khoom siv pob zeb - 2099 kg / m³). Nws yog ua raws li cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ntxiv nrog ib ntu ntawm 20x15 (qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog - 2399). Cov phab ntsa yog 300 cm siab, thiab lub ru tsev slate yog txawv los ntawm ob txoj kab nqes. Lub plinth thiab qab nthab yog ua los ntawm cov laug cam nyob rau ntawm kab teeb nrog ib feem ntawm 15x5, thiab tseem muaj thermally insulated nrog cov ntxhia wool (qhov hnyav hnyav.rwb thaiv tsev yog 299 kg).
Paub cov qauv ntawm kev thauj khoom (raws li SNiP), koj tuaj yeem suav cov hauv paus kom raug. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev xam lub hauv paus yuav tso cai rau koj los ua kev xam sai rau koj tus kheej lub tsev.
Load nqi
- Plinth - 149.5 kg/m².
- Rau lub qab nthab - 75.
- Cov qauv ntawm cov daus daus rau thaj tsam hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias Federation yog 99 kg / m² txheeb ze rau thaj tsam ru tsev (hauv ntu kab rov tav).
- Txoj kev sib txawv siv lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus raws cov axes sib txawv.
siab rau txhua qhov axis
Cov ntsuas tseeb ntawm cov qauv thiab cov qauv thauj khoom tso cai rau koj los xam cov hauv paus kom raug. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev suav lub hauv paus yog muab rau qhov yooj yim ntawm cov neeg pib tsim.
Kev tsim siab raws axis "1" thiab "3" (kawg phab ntsa):
- Luas=600 x 300 cm=1800 cm². Daim duab no tau muab faib ua qhov tuab ntawm qhov sib tshooj ntsug ntawm 20 cm (suav nrog cov txheej txheem sab nrauv). Nws hloov tawm: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ \u003d 0.28 tons.
- Los ntawm rand beam: 20 x 15 x 600=1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 kg.
- Los ntawm plinth: 20 x 80 x 600=960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
- Los ntawm lub hauv paus. Tag nrho pawg ntawm tag nrho cov sib tshooj yog xam, ces 1/4 ntawm nws yog muab.
Lags nrog 5x15 sab muab tso rau txhua 500mm. Lawv qhov hnyav yog 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³=1600 kg.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov av npog thiabsheeting suav nrog hauv kev suav cov hauv paus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev xam lub hauv paus qhia txog 3 cm tuab txheej rwb thaiv tsev.
Luas=6 x 360 cm²=2160 cm³. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi yog muab los ntawm 800, tag nrho yuav yog 1700 kg.
Mineral wool rwb thaiv tsev yog 15 cm tuab.
Volumetric ntsuas yog 15 x 360=540 cm³. Thaum muab faib ua qhov ceev ntawm 300.01, peb tau 1620 kg.
Total: 1600, 0 + 1700, 0 + 1600, 0=4900, 0 kg. Peb faib txhua yam los ntawm 4, peb tau 1.25 t.
- Nyob hauv qab nthab ~ 1200 kg;
- Los ntawm lub ru tsev: tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm ib txoj kab nqes (1/2 ntawm lub ru tsev), suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm rafters, grating thiab slate flooring - tsuas yog 50 kg / m² x 24=1200 kg.
Load rate rau columnar structures (rau axes "1" thiab "3" koj yuav tsum nrhiav 1/4 ntawm tag nrho cov siab ntawm lub ru tsev) tso cai rau koj los laij cov pawg hauv paus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsim kho hauv nqe lus nug yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim kho.
- From puag: (600.0 x 600.0) /4=900.0 x 150.0 kg/m²=1350.0 kg.
- Los ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab: 2 zaug tsawg dua los ntawm qab daus.
- From snow: (100 kg/m² x 360 cm²) /2=1800 kg.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim: tag nrho qhov taw qhia ntawm kev tsim khoom yog 9.2 tons, tus qauv siab - 4.1. Txhua lub qag "1" thiab "3" muaj qhov hnyav txog 13.3 tons.
Tsim siab raws axis "2" (nruab nrab longitudinal kab):
- Los ntawm lub tsev log ntawm phab ntsa slabs, rand beams thiab hauv qab daus saum npoo ntawm cov load yog zoo ib yam li cov nqi ntawm lub axis "1" thiab "3": 3000 +500 + 2000=5500 kg.
- Los ntawm hauv qab daus thiab lub qab nthab lawv muaj ob qhov ntsuas: 2600 +2400=5000 kg.
Hauv qab no yog cov qauv thauj khoom thiab suav ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus. Piv txwv siv nyob rau hauv cov nqi kwv yees:
- Ntawm plinth: 2800 kg.
- Nyob hauv tsev: 1400.
Vim li no: tag nrho cov qauv tsim siab yog 10.5 tons, txheem loads - 4.2 tons. qag "2" muaj qhov hnyav txog li 14,700 kg.
Nias ntawm axes "A" thiab "B" (hli kab)
Kev suav yog ua los ntawm cov khoom hnyav ntawm lub tsev log ntawm phab ntsa slabs, rand beams thiab plinth (3, 0, 5 thiab 2 tons). Lub siab ntawm lub hauv paus raws phab ntsa yuav yog: 3000 + 500 + 2000=5500 kg.
Ntau tus ncej
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus lej xav tau ntawm tus ncej nrog ntu ntu ntawm 0.3 m, av tiv thaiv (R) raug suav nrog:
- Nrog R \u003d 2.50 kg / cm² (feem ntau siv qhov taw qhia) thiab lub hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm \u200b\u200b cov khau yog 7.06 m² (rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev xam, tus nqi me dua yog noj - 7 m²), qhov bearing muaj peev xwm ntawm ib kem yuav yog: P \u003d 2, 5 x 7=1.75 t.
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev xam lub hauv paus columnar rau cov av nrog kev tiv thaiv R=1.50 siv daim ntawv hauv qab no: P=1.5 x 7=1.05.
- Thaum R=1.0, ib kem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kabmob muaj peev xwm P=1.0 x 7=0.7.
- Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov av dej yog 2 zaug tsawg dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas, uas yog 1.0 kg / cm². Ntawm qhov tob ntawm 150 cm, qhov nruab nrab yog 0.55. Lub peev xwm ntawm kab ke yog P=0.6 x 7=0.42.
Lub tsev xaiv yuav xav tau qhov ntim ntawm 0.02 m³ ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog.
Placement points
- Rau phab ntsa slabs: raws kab "1" thiab "3" nrog qhov hnyav ntawm ~ 13.3 t.
- Axis "2" nrog qhov hnyav ~ 14700 kg.
- Rau phab ntsa qab nthab raws axes "A" thiab "B" hnyav txog ~ 5500 kg.
Yog tias koj yuav tsum xam lub hauv paus rau kev hloov pauv, piv txwv ntawm kev suav thiab cov qauv raug muab rau cov tsev loj. Lawv tsis siv rau thaj tsam suburban. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev xa khoom xa tawm, uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xam cov lej ntawm cov ntawv.
Piv txwv suav tus ncej rau txhua hom av
Example 1:
R=2.50kg/cm²
Rau phab ntsa slab raws ntu "1" thiab "3":
13, 3/1, 75 ~ 8 ncej.
Axis 2:
14, 7/1, 75 ~ 9pcs
Ntawm ntu "A" thiab "B":
5, 5 / 1, 75=3, 1.
Muaj kwv yees li 31 tus ncej hauv tag nrho. Lub volumetric Performance index ntawm cov khoom concreted yog 31 x 2 mm³=62 cm³.
Example 2:
R=1, 50
Ntawm kab "1" thiab "3" ~ 12 kab txhua.
Axis 2 ~ 14.
Ntawm ntu "A" thiab "B" ~ ntawm 6.
Tag nrho ~ 50 daim. Volumetric Performance index ntawm concreted khoom ~ 1.0 m³.
Example 3:
Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem paub seb qhov kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus monolithic tau ua li cas. Ib qho piv txwv yog muab rau cov av nrog lub tabular qhia R=1, 0. Nws zoo li qhov no:
On kab "1" thiab "2" ~ 19 daim txhua
Ntawm phab ntsa "2" ~21.
Ntawm ntu "A" thiab "B" ~ ntawm 8.
Tag nrho - 75 tus ncej. Volumetric Performance index ntawm concreted khoom ~ 1.50 m³.
Example 4:
R=0, 60
On kab "1" thiab "3" ~ 32 daim txhua
Axis 2 ~ 35.
Ntawm ntu "A" thiab "B" ~ ntawm 13.
Tag nrho - 125 tus ncej. Volumetric Performance index ntawm concreted khoom ~ 250 cm³.
Nyob rau hauv thawj ob qhov kev suav, lub kaum sab xis ncej tau teeb tsa ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov axes, thiab raws cov kab ntev - nrog tib kauj ruam. Reinforced qhob rand beams yog cam khwb cia nyob rau hauv formwork nyob rau hauv qab daus raws lub taub hau ntawm tus ncej.
Piv txwv li 3, 3 kab yog muab tso rau ntawm txoj kab sib tshuam. Ib tug zoo sib xws ntawm cov hauv paus yog pawg raws cov axes "1", "2" thiab "3". Ntawm cov neeg tsim, cov cuab yeej no hu ua "cov ntoo". Nyob rau ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias "puab" nws yuav tsum tau rau nruab ib tug ntau reinforced pob zeb grillage taub hau nrog nws ntxiv kev tso rau ntawm ncej nyob rau hauv lub axes "A" thiab "B" ntawm lub rand beams.
Piv txwv No 4 tso cai rau koj los tsim "cov hav txwv yeem" ntawm 4 tus ncej ntawm kev sib tshuam thiab raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov kab (1-3) nrog txuas ntxiv ntawm cov taub hau grillage rau lawv. Cov kab hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv qab hauv qab.
Strip base
Rau kev sib piv, kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus sawb yog ua hauv qab no. Piv txwv yog muab rau hauv tus account qhov tob ntawm trench 150 cm (dav - 40). Cov channel yuav tsum tau them nrog xuab zeb sib tov mus rau qhov tob ntawm 50 cm, ces nws yuav tsum tau sau nrog pob zeb rau ib qhov siab ntawm ib 'meter'. Av excavation (1800 cm³), xuab zeb feem (600) thiab qhob mix (1200) yuav tsum.
Los ntawm4-kem hauv paus rau kev sib piv yog muab peb.
Drilling yog nqa tawm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 75 cm³ nrog kev siv av ntawm 1.5 cubic meters, lossis 12 zaug tsawg dua (cov av seem yog siv rov qab). Qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw yog 150 cm³, lossis 8 zaug tsawg dua, thiab hauv cov xuab zeb feem - 100 (nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov nqaj txhawb nqa). Ib qho chaw tshawb nrhiav tau tsim nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus, tso cai rau koj kom paub qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov av. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tabular 1 thiab 2, kuj raug xaiv.
Qhov tseem ceeb! Hauv kab qis, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tso cai rau koj los laij cov slab foundation - piv txwv yog qhia rau txhua hom av.
Sand av resistance
Tab. 1
| Sand faction | Ntxhais theem | |
| Tight | nruab nrab hnyav | |
| Ntau | 4,49 | 3,49 |
| Average | 3,49 | 2,49 |
| Zoo: qis / ntub | 3-2, 49 | 2 |
| Dusty: me ntsis damp / ntub | 2, 49-1, 49 | 2-1 |
Tab. 2
| Levelporosity | Soil resistance, kg/cm3 | ||
| Tshuaj | YPlastic | ||
| Supesi | 0, 50/0, 70 | 3, 0-2, 50 | 2, 0-3, 0 |
| Loam | 0, 50-1, 0 | 2, 0-3, 0 | 1, 0-2, 50 |
| av nplaum | 0, 50-1, 0 | 2, 50-6, 0 | 1, 0-4, 0 |
Slab Foundation
Thaum thawj theem, lub thickness ntawm lub slab yog xam. Tag nrho cov huab hwm coj ntawm chav tsev yog coj, nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa, cladding thiab ntxiv loads. Raws li qhov ntsuas no thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov slab nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj, lub siab los ntawm kev tso rau hauv cov av tsis muaj qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus yog xam.
Nws yog xam tias qhov loj ntawm lub phaj yog ploj mus rau qhov muab siab rau hauv av (rau cov xuab zeb zoo, daim duab no yuav yog 0.35 kg / cm², nruab nrab ntom - 0.25, tawv thiab yas sandy loam - 0.5, nyuaj av nplaum - 0, 5 thiab yas - 0, 25).
cheeb tsam ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj cov xwm txheej:
S > Kh × F / Kp × R, qhov twg S yog lub hauv paus ib leeg;
Kh - coefficient rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev txhawb nqa (nws yog 1, 2);
F - tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm txhua daim phiaj;
Kp - coefficient uas txiav txim siab ua haujlwm;
R – av tiv taus.
Example:
- Nyob hauv tsev yog 270,000 kg.
- Cov tsis nyob hauv txoj kev npaj yog 10x10, lossis 100 m².
- Av - loam nrog noo noo ntawm 0.35 kg / cm².
- Qhov ntom ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog yog 2.7 kg / cm³.
Qhov loj ntawm cov slabs yog 80 tons tom qab - qhov no yog 29 cubes ntawm pob zeb sib tov. Rau 100 squares, nws thickness sib haum mus rau 29 cm, yog li 30 yog npaum li cas.
Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm slab yog 2.7 x 30=81 tons;
Txhua lub tsev nrog lub hauv paus yog 351.
Plate muaj thickness ntawm 25cm: nws loj yog 67.5 tons.
Peb tau txais: 270 + 67.5=337.5 (qhov siab ntawm cov av yog 3.375 t / m²). Qhov no txaus rau lub tsev aerated pob zeb nrog cov cement ntom rau compression B22.5 (phaj hom).
Kev txiav txim siab hloov pauv
Lub sijhawm MU tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cua nrawm thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev uas cuam tshuam. Yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv yog tias tsis ua raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
MU=(Q - F) 17, 44
F yog lub zog nqa ntawm cua ua rau ntawm lub ru tsev (hauv qhov piv txwv nws yog 20.1 kN).
Q yog xam qhov tsawg kawg nkaus asymmetric load (raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem, nws yog 2785.8 kPa).
Thaum xam qhov tsis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev, muaj cov nroj tsuag thiab cov qauv tsim nyob ze. Kev saib xyuas ntau yog them rau huab cua thiab geological yam.
Cov ntsuas saum toj no yog siv los ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev koj tus kheej, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij.
