Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis taus pa rau cov paj ilv thiab zoo nkauj, uas feem ntau hu ua "aristocrats ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb". Lawv fascinate nrog lawv exquisite kev zoo nkauj, ntau yam xim thiab duab. Cov paj ntawm cov kab txawv zoo nkauj tuaj yeem zoo li cov noog, npauj npaim, txawm lizards lossis khau zoo li.
Ntau tus neeg nyiam cog ntoo hauv tsev npau suav xav muaj orchid hauv lawv cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus tau hnov txog kev saib xyuas thiab teeb meem hauv kev nthuav tawm cov paj no hauv tsev. Tseeb, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug beginner nyob rau hauv tsev floriculture kom loj hlob xws li cov nroj tsuag. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau ntseeg tias nws tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob orchid los ntawm cov noob hauv tsev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev tsim tawm no tau nce. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum lees paub tias cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim, yuav tsum tau ua raws nraim.
Hnub no, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog cov chaw tsim khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Yuav ua li cas cog orchid noob hauv tsev?Yuav tu lawv li cas? Yuav ua li cas cov xwm txheej yuav tsum tau tsim rau seedlings? Peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug hauv kab lus no.
Y Yuav ua li cas orchids loj hlob hauv qhov xwm txheej?
Orchids lossis Orchids (Orchidaceae) yog herbaceous perennials uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev nyab xeeb - los ntawm tropics mus rau hav zoov tundra. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam, qhuas cov xim zoo nkauj thiab cov duab ntawm paj, loj hlob hauv hav zoov hav zoov. Txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij pom tias nws nyuaj rau npe rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg - niaj hnub no muaj txog 35 txhiab tus orchids sib txawv tau lees paub, suav nrog cov hybrids ntuj - cov nroj tsuag uas muaj peev xwm hla, suav nrog kev sib txawv, nrog rau ntau yam bred. los ntawm breeders thoob ntiaj teb.
Nws nyuaj rau kev xav, tab sis 800 genera uas tsim tsev neeg muaj li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Feem coob ntawm lawv coj txoj kev ua neej nyob epiphytic, loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo uas lawv siv los txhawb nqa, thaum tsis muaj kab mob rau lawv. Cov nroj tsuag tau txais tag nrho cov as-ham thiab noo noo los ntawm huab cua nrog kev pab los ntawm zoo-tsim aerial keeb kwm. Lawv tau npog nrog ib txheej tuab ntawm cov ntaub tshwj xeeb - velamina.
noob zoo li cas?
Ua ntej tham txog yuav cog cov noob orchid hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum paub seb lawv zoo li cas. Cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag no me me heev uas lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim yuam kev rau plua plav. Lawv yog 15 txhiab npaug me dua cov nplej nplej. Tsis zoo li cov noob ntawm cov qoob loo feem ntau, uas muaj cov khoom siv endosperm lossis cov as-ham, cov khoom cog ntawm cov nopaj muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lawv. Yuav ua li cas cov noob yooj yim no tso cai rau orchids rov tsim dua nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso?
Nws yog txhua yam ntawm lawv tus lej. Ib lub paj tsim 3 txog 5 lab noob. Vim lawv qhov me me thiab qhov hnyav, lawv tau nqa los ntawm cua thiab nyob ntawm cov tawv ntoo thiab cov ntoo. Muaj tseeb, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tig mus ua paj zoo nkauj - cov no yuav tsuas yog ob peb tug xwb. Nov yog kev xaiv ntuj.
Yuav khaws noob li cas?
Koj yuav xav tau ob lub orchids tawg tib lub sijhawm rau kev sau paj ntoos. Pollen yog tshem tawm los ntawm stamens ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv nrog ib tug mos txhuam los yog paj rwb swab thiab kis mus rau lub pistil ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag. Ib lub paj pollinated nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yuav wither thiab qhov no yog ib tug tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias nws poob, ces cov txheej txheem tau ua tiav. Tom qab ob lub lis piam, koj yuav pom qhov pib ntawm kev tsim ntawm fetus.
Txhua lub thawv lossis lub plhaub ntawm lub orchid muaj ntau tshaj li ib lab noob. Lawv me me heev uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab - koj xav tau lub tshuab tsom. Nyob rau hauv tsev, nws yog ib qho teeb meem heev los sau cov noob, txawm tias nrog cov paj ntoos paj ntoo (xws li kev sib txawv), cov thawv thiab cov pods tau khi zoo nkauj sai. Vim li no, ntau tus neeg cog paj siv cov noob orchid los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Yuav ua li cas cog lawv, peb yuav qhia ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo.
Yuav ua li cas germinate noob?
Feem ntau cov neeg cog qoob loo nthuav tawm orchids vegetatively. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tsis paub yuav ua li cas cog cov noob orchid hauv tsev. Tom qab tag nrho,Tsis ntev los no nws tau ntseeg tias kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab txawv zoo nkauj no tsuas yog ua tau nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab hauv chav kuaj mob. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab niaj hnub no cov neeg nyiam paj paj tuaj yeem tau txais kev paub tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev sim ua qhov kev sim hauv lawv lub tsev. Peb yuav qhia rau koj paub yuav ua li cas cog cov noob orchid hauv tsev, tab sis peb xav ceeb toom koj tias qhov kev sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho koj txoj kev siv zog.
khoom siv yuav tsum
Txhua tus uas xav cog cov noob orchid yuav tsum paub tias cov thawv lossis lub lauj kaub zoo li yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau cov paj no. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau yuav cov iav tshwj xeeb lossis cov thawv ntim nrog lub caj dab nqaim rau cov tshuaj reagents, nrog rau ntim txog 300 ml. Piv txwv li, conical Erlenmeyer flask yuav ua. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem yuav cov tais diav li no, siv lub khob iav nrog lub hau kaw ntom ntom. Cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum tau ntim nrog hermetically.
Raws li txoj cai, corks kuj tau muag tag nrog lub khob. Yog tias koj tsis muaj, ua rau koj tus kheej los ntawm kev sib tw nruj ntawm daim ntaub los yog paj rwb swab thiab qhwv nws hauv aluminium ntawv nyiaj. Plaub qhov nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm ob peb millimeters yog drilled nyob rau hauv lub hau ntawm lub hub thiab lawv nruj nreem kaw nrog paj rwb ntaub plaub.
av yuav zoo li cas?
Txawm tias cov av tshwj xeeb rau orchids, uas yog muag hauv khw tshwj xeeb, tsis haum rau peb cov ntaub ntawv. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: "Yuav ua li cas cog orchid noob hauv av?" Qee tus neeg cog paj sow lawv nyob rau hauv finely tws ntub sphagnum moss,tab sis nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum siv moss, nws yog ib qho nyuaj, thiab feem ntau tsis yooj yim sua, kom ua tiav kom tsis muaj menyuam, qhov xav tau ntawm acidity thiab tib lub sijhawm muab khoom noj khoom haus.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw yog agar-agar, uas yog sib xyaw ntawm polysaccharides, uas tau los ntawm qee yam ntawm cov seaweed liab thiab xim av. Dawb los yog yellowish hmoov, hloov mus rau hauv ib tug zoo li jelly loj, dissolving nyob rau hauv dej kub. Koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej sib tov. Rau qhov no koj yuav xav tau:
- 10-15 g agar-agar;
- 200ml dej distilled;
- 10 g txhua qhov qabzib thiab fructose;
- kev daws teeb meem ntawm potash lossis potassium carbonate;
- phosphoric acid.
Cov khoom xyaw kawg yog siv los tsim cov acidity tsim nyog. Rau cov noob orchid, qhov ntsuas pom zoo yog pH - 4, 8–5, 2. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas nws tus nqi siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb litmus daim ntawv qhia strips. Lawv raug muag hauv khw muag tshuaj. Alkali thiab acid ntxiv ob peb tee ntawm ib lub sij hawm thiab cov kua qaub ntawm qhov sib tov yog kuaj tam sim.
Npaj kev sib tov
Muab cov agar-agar nrog ib khob ntawm cov kais dej zoo tib yam thiab tawm mus rau o rau ob peb teev. Boil dej distilled, ncuav fructose, qabzib thiab o agar-agar rau hauv nws. Do cov sib tov tas li nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia thaum cua sov hauv da dej, kom txog thaum cov hmoov dissolves thiab lub thickens.
Npaj cog noob
Nws yog tsimtsis muaj menyuam kiag li. Cov tais diav, cov noob thiab cov zaub mov noj yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv chav kuaj mob, tshwj xeeb autoclaves yog siv rau qhov no, hauv tsev lawv siv lub tshuab ua kom siab lossis lub qhov cub zoo.
Flasks thiab hub yuav tsum tau ignited rau ib nrab ib teev ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog 150 ° C. Homemade corks yog rhuab nyob rau hauv boiling dej. Cov ntim tau rov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ua ke nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw. Nws yog poured rau hauv txhua ntawm lawv kub ntawm tus nqi ntawm 30-40 g ib 100 ml ntawm ntim thiab nruj nreem kaw. Kev rov ua kom tsis muaj menyuam yuav siv sijhawm tib lub sijhawm.
cov thawv ntim khoom raug kaw rau tsib hnub. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb qhov kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam li cas. Yog hais tias nyob rau lub sij hawm no cov as-ham sib tov tsis ua pwm, cov txheej txheem tau ua tiav. Tsis txhob qaij lub thawv kom txog thaum lub jelly tau teem.
Cov noob yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam rau ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib teev hauv cov tshuaj calcium hypochloride (chlorine). Lawv yog poured nrog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 10 g ntawm txiv qaub thiab distilled dej (100 ml). Co lub thawv tsis tu ncua. Tom qab ntawd, cov noob yog sown nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov ntawm nutrient.
YYuav ua li cas cog orchid noob: cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam
Piv rau kev npaj ua haujlwm, kev cog qoob loo yog txheej txheem yooj yim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tswj kom tsis muaj menyuam tiav. Txuas ib lub vas los yog grate tshaj ib lub tais loj ntawm cov dej npau npau. Kho lub nkoj nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw rau ntawm nws. Nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj pipette los yog ib tug sterile syringe, tshem tawm cov noob nyob rau hauv uas lawv tau sterilized nyob rau hauv me me feem ntawm cov tshuaj thiab muab faib rau saum npoo ntawm qhov sib tov, tab sis tsis txhob.kov nws. Manipulation yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau.
Caw cov khob maj mam faib cov noob kom sib npaug. Kaw cov thawv kom nruj thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tsev mini-tsev cog khoom, tsev cog khoom lossis florarium. Nyob ntawm seb hom orchid, yub tshwm sim txawv ntawm ib thiab ib nrab lub lis piam mus rau rau lub hlis.
Peb qhia koj yuav ua li cas cog orchid noob kom raug. Tam sim no koj yuav tsum kawm paub yuav ua li cas tu cov noob kom koj cov haujlwm tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Orchids yuav tsum muab lub teeb ci, tab sis diffused teeb pom kev zoo. Lub teeb qhov chaw yog muab tso rau ntawm ib tug me ntsis kaum ntawm 30 cm saum toj no cog. Lub sijhawm nruab hnub yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 14 teev, huab cua kub yog li + 25 ° C nrog cov av noo tsawg kawg yog 70%.
Sprouting
Kev paub cog cov noob orchid, koj yuav tsum ua siab ntev thiab tos cov noob. Thaum xub thawj, me me pob ntsuab tshwm. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lawv tsim rhizoids, cia cov nroj tsuag nqus cov as-ham. Lawv zoo li cov plaub hau. Tom qab ntawd, nplooj tshwm thiab, kawg tab sis tsis kawg, keeb kwm. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov nroj tsuag twb muaj tsawg kawg yog peb nplooj.
Tom qab ib xyoos, cov yub raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv uas siv cov txhuam los yog cov tweezers, nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, zoo li twisting lawv. Yaug cov khoom sib xyaw kom zoo zoo. Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj hauv kev - ncuav dej sov rau hauv lub thawv, co nws maj mam hauv ib ncig. Ncuav qhov sib tov nrog sprouts rau hauv ib lub thoob ntiav ntim, ntxiv 0.5%Tshuaj "Fundazol" (2-3 ml). Cia li 10 feeb, tshem tawm cov yub nrog ib tug nyias txhuam.
Sau cov khob yas nrog cov kua dej. Qhov siab ntawm cov ntim yuav tsum sib phim los yog me ntsis dhau ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Nws yog ntshaw tias lawv yuav pob tshab - qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm lub hauv paus system. Hloov cov orchids mus rau hauv lub substrate ntawm fern rhizomes, crushed sphagnum moss thiab ntoo thuv cag nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportions. Qhov ntau uniform nws yog, qhov zoo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm pwm, ntxiv cov hmoov activated charcoal (10 ntsiav tshuaj ib liter ntawm sib tov).
Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm substrate yog ua ntej nchuav nrog dej npau npau li ib nrab teev. Seedlings yuav tsum tsis txhob watered - lawv yog tsis tu ncua sprayed nrog dej nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Lub substrate yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav tag.
Ib ob peb lo lus xaus
Peb qhia koj yuav ua li cas cog orchid noob. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj, xav tau qhov tseeb los ntawm tus neeg cog qoob loo, ua raws txhua txoj cai nruj, ib qho kev txawj ntse thiab kev ua siab ntev. Yog tias cov xwm txheej no tau ua tiav, koj yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov paj zoo nkauj hauv koj cov khoom sau.
