Beam dimensions. Qhov hnyav thiab lub npe ntawm kab teeb

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Beam dimensions. Qhov hnyav thiab lub npe ntawm kab teeb
Beam dimensions. Qhov hnyav thiab lub npe ntawm kab teeb

Video: Beam dimensions. Qhov hnyav thiab lub npe ntawm kab teeb

Video: Beam dimensions. Qhov hnyav thiab lub npe ntawm kab teeb
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Muaj ntau hom kab teeb. Lawv muab faib raws li lawv lub hom phiaj: lub hauv paus, rau pem teb, kev txhawb nqa; los ntawm cov khoom siv: steel, ntoo, reinforced pob zeb. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub caij, tab sis nws yog tseeb tsuas yog rau cov kws tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau kom paub tias dab tsi tau muab zais tom qab cov ntawv luv luv hauv cov npe, yuav ua li cas thiaj li paub qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb, txiav txim siab qhov hnyav, yam xav tau, xav txog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev.

tswvyim

Beam yog kab rov tav load-bearing caij ntawm cov txheej txheem, muaj los ntawm ib mus rau ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Nws tuaj yeem npog ob qho tib si (sib cais) thiab ob peb ntu (nruam). Raws li cov khoom siv, cov kab teeb tau muab faib ua:

  • hlau (steel).
  • ntoo.
  • Reinforced concrete.
beam qhov ntev
beam qhov ntev

Lawv yog siv hauv kev tsim kho raws li cov khoom siv thauj khoom thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab (piv txwv li, raws li cov khoom siv ntawm cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm crane).

hlau kab

Pab pawg loj tshaj. Kev faib tawm uas koj tuaj yeem tau txais lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm cov kab hlau:

1. Raws li txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm:

1.1. Ib ntu (split).

1.2. Multi-span (nruam).

1.3. Cantilever (nrog ib tug pinch txhawb).

Split yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev teeb tsa hauv kev sib piv nrog ntau ntu. Nws raug nquahu kom nruab cov kab txuas txuas ntxiv ntawm kev txhawb nqa txhim khu kev qha, qhov twg tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm lawv qhov tsis sib xws.

2. Los ntawm hom ntu:

2.1. Rolled (ib leeg-tee, ob-tee, dhau).

beam gost
beam gost

2.2. Composite: welded, bolted, riveted.

I-nqaj yog suav tias yog feem ntau hauv daim ntawv thov - lawv yooj yim los tsim thiab siv ntau yam. Ntxiv mus, peb yuav xav txog lawv.

I-beam parameters

Cov khoom siv hlau yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. I-beams tsis muaj qhov zam. Lawv raug cais raws li cov khoom ntev, ntau lawm yog ua raws li kev specifications. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov specifications yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev cai uas lub beam yuav tsum tau ua raws li: GOST 535-2005 "Rolled tuav thiab cov duab los ntawm carbon steel zoo tib yam" tswj lawv.

I-beam qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav
I-beam qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav

Los ntawm hom profile, cov kab teeb tuaj yeem yog:

1) Nrog rau cov khoom sib txuas:

1.1) Ib txwm (B).

1.2) Dav pem hauv ntej (W).

1.3) Kem (K).

Bcov khoom npe profile hom yog ib txwm encrypted. Piv txwv li, ib kab 20b1 txhais tau hais tias qhov loj me hauv qab no: qhov siab 20 cm, B - ib txwm, txee dav - 100 mm (10 cm).

2) Tapered puab ntsej muag:

2.1) Tsis tu ncua - 6-12% nqes hav.

2.2) Tshwj xeeb: M - rau cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntawm cranes thiab lwm yam khoom siv (≦12%).

2.3) C - rau kev txhawb nqa kuv cov ncej (≦16%)

I-beam: qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav

Cov txiaj ntsig no nyob ntawm ib leeg, nrog rau hom hlau siv rau kev tsim khoom. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lawv, koj yuav tsum siv cov lus siv. Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais lawv qhov twg?

Muaj ntau yam raws li GOST 8239-89, 19425-74, 26020-83. Raws li hom profile, xaiv lub rooj tsim nyog, nrhiav qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb nyob rau hauv nws, rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom ib 1 lub meter tau muab. Tus nqi no suav hais tias yog tus nqi siv, siv rau hauv kev suav, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm tus nqi tiag tiag (yog tias tsim khoom ua raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb).

nqa 20b1
nqa 20b1

Piv txwv: beam 20b1. Dimensions raws li assortment: qhov siab - 200 hli, dav - 100 hli, phab ntsa thickness - 5.6 hli, txee loj - 8.5 hli, vojvoog ntawm curvature ntawm lub puab ntug - 12 hli.

Ib qho I-beam, qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav uas tau qhia hauv lub rooj, yog tus qauv rau hom no. Thaum yuav khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom rau tus neeg siv khoom.

ntoo beam

Feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ua cov khoom sib tshooj, cov plag tsev, ua tiavqab nthab txheej, raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm trusses, rafters rau ru tsev. Cov khoom yog ib lub bar ntawm cov duab plaub nrog qhov siab tsis - 140-250 mm, dav - 50-160 mm. Qhov ntev yuav yog los ntawm 2 mus rau 5 meters (tsis suav cov nyiaj them yug).

qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntoo
qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntoo

Los ntawm kev sib xyaw, cov ntoo tuaj yeem ua tau khov lossis nplaum (multilayered). Rau kev tsim khoom, cov ntoo coniferous tau siv, vim lawv muaj qhov elasticity zoo thiab khoov, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kabmob kab rov tav.

Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntoo yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom thauj hauv pem teb yav tom ntej, ntawm hom kev ntim cov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv (cov rwb thaiv tsev, yob), ntawm qhov ntev. Tag nrho cov kev txwv no tau tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 4981-87 "Cov kab ntoo hauv pem teb".

Txhim kho nta

Ua ntej siv, cov ntoo ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tiv thaiv kev lwj, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov nas tsuag, thiab tseem ua rau kom cov kab hluav taws kub hnyiab tau.

qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntoo
qhov ntev ntawm cov kab ntoo

Cov ntsiab lus hauv pem teb tau teeb tsa hauv cov zes tshwj xeeb thaum lub sij hawm masonry los yog los ntawm kev txiav mus rau sab sauv ntawm phab ntsa qauv ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ntoo. Installation yog nqa tawm los ntawm huab mus rau lub hauv paus tuav. Qhov kev txhawb nqa kawg yuav tsum tsis pub luv dua 15 cm.

  • Thaum tso cov nqaj rau ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv, qhov dawb xaus raug txiav qis dua 60 0, kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis ntawv vov tsev.
  • Thaum muab kab teeb rau hauv pob zebmasonry, qhov kawg ntawm kab yuav tsum tau qhuav thiab kho nrog bitumen los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm rotting.
  • Sau qhov chaw niche hauv phab ntsa nrog rwb thaiv tsev. Yuav npaj lub thawv ntoo.
  • Nyob hauv phab ntsa tuab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tawm hauv qhov cua nkag los ntawm qhov dej noo yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov kawg.
  • Nrog cov phab ntsa nyias (txog li ob lub cib), nws tso cai rau sau qhov chaw hauv niches nrog cov cement mortar.
  • Ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv, cov kab teeb tau muab tso rau ntawm ib txheej vov tsev.

Beam tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm lub cav, txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov sib haum mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Qhov no yog kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev yuav khoom, tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias kho yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb uas siv anchors embedded rau hauv phab ntsa.

pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag

Dav siv dav hauv kev tsim kho loj ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab pej xeem.

Beams raug cais raws li ntau qhov tsis muaj, lub ntsiab tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev faib raws li lub hom phiaj thiab hom ntawm ntu tib lub sijhawm:

  • Fundamental. Yog siv rau cov cuab yeej ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov tsev nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev nce seismic kev ua si. Yuav ua tau T-profile lossis trapezoidal.
  • Truss gable lossis ib txoj kab nqes kab yog siv rau kev tsim kho lub ru tsev slabs hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Lawv muaj ledges rau txuas rails.
  • Rectangular beams nrog ntau yam kev teeb tsa (ib kab teeb, I-beams, L- thiab T-shaped profiles) yog siv los npog cov ntu ntawm facades, pem teb mus txog 18meters.

Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb nyob ntawm lawv lub hom phiaj thiab muaj qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov qauv ru tsev muaj qhov ntev txog li 24 m, thiab cov khoom hauv pem teb zoo tib yam tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntawm qhov ntev txog li 18 m. Qhov seem ntawm qhov ntsuas tau txiav txim siab tus kheej rau txhua yam khoom.

Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb hauv pem teb tuaj yeem pom hauv Gosstandart catalogs lossis los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, vim lawv yuav txawv. GOST 20372-90 "Rafter thiab rafter reinforced beams" txhais cov kev cai yooj yim rau cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv, ntawm lub hauv paus no, cov tuam txhab tsim TU.

pab suav suav

Txhua lub tsev nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm tau muab faib ua series. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, uas sau txhua hom thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov blocks, kab teeb, slabs uas tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv ntau cheeb tsam. Cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm qhov ntev ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, lawv cov kwv yees loj. Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv siv thaum tsim cov tsev, tab sis cov kws ua haujlwm paub tseeb tias yuav piv cov ntaub ntawv precast pob zeb nrog rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom niaj hnub no.

pem teb beam dimension
pem teb beam dimension

Muaj ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas suav nrog cov kab hluav taws xob ntxiv. Dimensions yuav tsum phim cov nram qab no tsis:

  1. Qhov siab tsawg kawg yog 5% ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib tshooj.
  2. Qhov dav ntawm kab teeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov piv ntawm 5: 7 (dav mus rau qhov siab).
  3. Txhim kho cov khoom lag luam yog ua raws li cov tswv yim: 2 rods los ntawm hauv qab thiab sab saum toj (deflection resistance). Rau lub thav duab coj steel rodsTxoj kab uas hla 12-14 mm.

Txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm lub nqaj rau ib ntu.

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