Yuav ua li cas xam phab ntsa: txoj kev thiab piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-01 20:09

Yog tias koj yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas xam thaj tsam ntawm phab ntsa hauv koj chav tsev lossis tsev, feem ntau koj yuav pib kho dua tshiab. Yog li, koj yuav tsum xam qhov chaw ntawm chav tsev uas yuav ua tiav cov haujlwm tiav. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev txiav txim siab siv cov khoom tiav rau qee qhov haujlwm. Txhua qhov kev ntsuas tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau kev muaj daim ntawv hla tebchaws kev tshaj lij rau thaj chaw, tab sis rau ntau yam laj thawj nws tsuas yog tsis nyob ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee zaum qhov loj me uas tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv yuav tsis phim qhov tseeb.

ntsuas ntsuas

Yuav kom suav thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv ib chav, koj yuav xav tau kev paub ib zaug tau txais kev kawm hauv tsev kawm theem qis thiab npaj cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws:

Ib daim ntawv txhawm rau txhawm rau kos qhov chaw ntawm txhua phab ntsa, niches, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais hauv chav lossis chav tsev

xaum los yog cwj mem.
Roulette. Nws yooj yim dua los siv laserversion, tab sis yog tsis muaj, ces ib tug niaj hnub mechanical meter yuav ua.
Txoj hlua los yog ib qho xov los ntsuas lub vojvoog yog tias chav nyob puag ncig.
Koj yuav xav tau lub laij lej txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem suav yooj yim dua.

Basic quantities

Yuav ua li cas xam cov phab ntsa hauv square metres? Txhua yam yog yooj yim. Ua li no, tag nrho cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv meters, vim hais tias qhov no yog lub ntsiab ntsuas ntawm cheeb tsam siv nyob rau hauv kev ua tiav. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas txhua yam hauv centimeters, tab sis nws yuav tsis yooj yim heev vim tus lej ntev dhau. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum yuav khoom, koj tseem yuav tau hloov tag nrho cov kev ntsuas rau square meters.

Thaum xam ib cheeb tsam, siv cov ntsuas hauv qab no:

h yog qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov tseeb dua (yog tias xav tau), nws raug nquahu kom ntsuas qhov siab hauv ntau qhov chaw, thiab tom qab ntawd nrhiav qhov nruab nrab.
L yog qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa. Rau kev yooj yim, kev ntsuas tau coj mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa, tab sis rau kev xam kom raug ntau dua, ntsuas hauv qab, nruab nrab thiab sab saum toj ntawm phab ntsa, ntxiv thiab faib los ntawm peb. Nws hloov tawm qhov nruab nrab ntev.
P yog ib puag ncig. Tus lej ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa ntawm chav.
S - cheeb tsam. Ntsuas hauv square meters.
π yog pi, uas yog 3.14 (puab).
R yog lub vojvoog. Yuav tsum tau xam cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv cov chav puag ncig los yog nyob rau hauv cov chav nrog rounded ntsiab.

thaj chaw ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav tsev plaub

Tej zaum qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj los ntsuas. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tsuas yog xav tau ob qhov txiaj ntsig:

siab thiab ntev. Rau thaj tsam ntawm ib phab ntsa S=h × L.
Qhov siab thiab ib puag ncig. Kev ntsuas thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa S=h × P.

Piv txwv. Rau ib chav nrog phab ntsa ntev L₁=3.58m thiab L_{2=2.46m nrog qhov siab h=2.52m, ib puag ncig yuav yog}

P=(L ₁+L_{2) ×2=12.08 m.}

Cov qauv no ua haujlwm nrog cov phab ntsa zoo ib yam, yog tias txhua phab ntsa txawv qhov ntev, ces P=L₁ +L₂ + L ₃ +L_4.

Raws li, thaj tsam ntawm txhua phab ntsa yuav muab sib npaug rau:

S=h × P=12.08 × 2.46=30.4416 m².

Xam cov cheeb tsam ntawm ib chav duab plaub

Thiab yuav ua li cas xam cov phab ntsa hauv chav square? Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev: muab qhov siab los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm chav tsev thiab tau txais thaj tsam ntawm \u200b\u200b pob txha phab ntsa:

S_{1=L ×h.}

Vim chav tsev yog square, nrhiav thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa koj yuav tsum muab thaj tsam ntawm ib phab ntsa los ntawm plaub:

S=S_{1 ×4.}

Xaiv chav nrog cov ntsiab lus puag ncig

Rau cov chav uas muaj cov duab puag ncig lossis lub voj voog ib nrab, kev suav yuav nyuaj me ntsis, thiab yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv me ntsis:

Rau cov chav puv puv, cov qauv kev suav yuav yog

Thawj pom qhov ib puag ncig ntawm chav

P=2 π R lossis P=π D, qhov twg:

D – diam.

Thiab txhawm rau txhawm rau suav thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum muab qhov ib puag ncig los ntawm qhov siab ntawm chav S=P ×h.

Rau chav nrog cov ntsiab lus puag ncig, koj yuav tsum tau txiav tawm qhov sib npaug, yog li tau txais ob daim duab. Tom qab ntawd xam cov cheeb tsam ntawm txhua lub caij thiab ntxiv rau lawv. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txais tag nrho cheeb tsamtag nrho cov phab ntsa hauv chav

Piv txwv. Chav parameters: L₁=3.4 m, L_{2=4.1 m, h=2.52 m thiab R=1.54 m. Cov txheej txheem suav yuav yog raws li hauv qab no:}

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm thawj daim duab yuav yog:

P_{1=π R=3.14 × 1.54=4.8356 m.}

Area:

S₁=P_{1 ×h=4.8356 × 2.52=12.1857 m².}

Ib puag ncig ntawm lub caij thib ob:

P₂=(L₁ +L_{2) ×2=(3.4 +4.1) × 2 \u003d 15 m, thiab cheeb tsam yuav muab sib npaug rau:}

S₂=P_{2 ×h=15 × 2.52=37.8 m².}

tag nrho phab ntsa hauv chav:

S=S₁ +S_{2=12.1857+37.8=49.98 m².}

Xaiv thaj tsam ntawm chav tsis xwm yeem

Feem ntau muaj cov chav, chav tsev thiab tsev nrog cov phab ntsa uas tsis yog tus qauv. Cov no tuaj yeem yog txhua yam ntawm ledges, niches thiab kab lossis phab ntsa uas tsim ntau yam duab nrog lawv cov kev tsim kho.

Yuav ua li cas xam thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qhov xwm txheej no? Yog lawm, txhua yam zoo ib yam, txawm tias cov duab tsis yog qauv, txoj hauv kev los suav lawv thaj chaw yog qhov ntau heev.

Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tau faib chav tsev kom koj tau txais cov duab geometric sib txawv. Peb suav thaj chaw ntawm lawv txhua tus, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv lawv, yog li tau txais tag nrho cheeb tsam.
Lwm txoj hauv kev suav thaj tsam, tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim, vim yog piling rooj tog piv txwv. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias koj yuav tsum dhau ib daim kab xev ntsuas raws tag nrho cov phab ntsa (ntawm tej yam duab) nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Ntawd yog, pib ntsuas los ntawm ib ces kaum mus rau nws thiabrov qab los. Tom qab tau txais tag nrho ib puag ncig, muab nws los ntawm qhov siab thiab tam sim ntawd pom tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev.
Lwm yam ntawm cov phab ntsa tsis zoo yog lub qab nthab. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, phab ntsa yog schematically muab faib ua plaub fab thiab ib daim duab peb sab. Nyob ntawm seb daim duab peb sab twg tau txais (cov duab plaub, isosceles lossis equilateral), ntau cov qauv siv los xam cov cheeb tsam.

Piv txwv li, rau daim duab peb sab txoj cai:

S=½ab where:

a thiab b yog ob sab ua lub kaum sab xis.

Lossis koj tuaj yeem siv Heron tus qauv:

S=√p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c), where:

a b c yog ob sab ntawm daim duab peb sab, thiab p yog ib nrab ib puag ncig a + b + c ÷2, uas tso cai rau koj suav thaj tsam ntawm daim duab peb sab ntawm peb sab.

Thiab yuav ua li cas xam thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev lossis chav tsev? Cov lus teb tseem yooj yim dua li cov lus nug. Peb nrhiav thaj chaw ntawm txhua chav sib cais thiab lawv cov lej yuav yog thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev lossis tsev.

Tshem tawm qhov rais thiab qhov rooj

Yog tias peb xav xam thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa kom raug, ces nws tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov kev txiav txim no. Qhov rais thiab qhov rooj, los yog lawv qhov loj me, muab qhov yuam kev loj hauv kev suav, yog tias koj tsis rho lawv thaj chaw. Kev suav ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib tsis txawv ntawm kev suav ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab zoo li qhov no:

koj yuav tsum muab qhov siab thiab dav ntawm qhov rais lossis qhov rooj, yog li tau txais thaj tsam.
ces ntxiv rau thaj chaw ntawm txhua qhov qhib thiab rho tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw ntawm chav.
cov lus teb tau txais yuav yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws.

Piv txwv. Hauv ib chav ntawm 43.8 m² muajib lub qhov rais qhib ntsuas 2.1 los ntawm 1.45 m thiab ib lub qhov rooj ntsuas 0.9 los ntawm 2.07. Los ntawm kev xam, peb tau txais ib lub qhov rais cheeb tsam ntawm 3,045 m² thiab lub qhov rooj cheeb tsam ntawm 1,863 m². Ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig, peb tau txais tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm qhov muaj qhov qhib sib npaug rau 4, 908 m². Tam sim no rho tawm cov lej no los ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev thiab tau txais qhov tseeb dua:

S=43, 8-4, 908=38, 892 m², qhov twg:

S yog thaj chaw ntawm txhua phab ntsa tsis muaj qhov rais thiab qhov rooj.

In xaus

ntsuas zoo dua yuav pab koj:

tsim tus nqi kwv yees rau kev kho tom ntej;
yuav tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav;
zam cov nqi ntxiv los ntawm kev yuav khoom ntau dua li qhov koj xav tau;
xam cov nuj nqis yav tom ntej rau kev ua haujlwm los ntawm ntiav cov kws tshaj lij.