Ib qho ntawm cov txuj lom kub tshaj yog suav tias yog mustard. Kev npaj nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj txhua, boil qhuav thiab abraded noob nyob rau hauv dej thiab ntxiv tsawg concentration vinegar (wine los yog kua) thiab ntau yam txuj lom, xws li cinnamon, kua txob, Bay nplooj ntoos, tarragon, celery, dos thiab qej mus rau lub o loj.
Mustard, uas yog siv los ua seasonings, yog peb hom:
- Dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov tsoos cuisine ntawm England, nws yog hu ua lus Askiv.
- Dub. Nws cov noob yog siv los ua lub npe nrov Dijon mustard. Muaj ntau tshaj 20 txoj hauv kev los npaj cov seasoning no.
- Sarepta mustard, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nws yog zoo dua lub npe hu ua Lavxias teb sab (nws yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm).
Kev piav qhia
Sarepta mustard yog cov nroj tsuag txhua xyoo, ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 40-100 cm, nrog cov cag, cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau ntawm ib tug upright branching qia, qia nplooj yog nyob, txo upwards, thaum lub phaj tsis muaj zog faib, thiab lub petiole yog shortened. Hauv qab, nplooj yog hloov pauv, petiolate, raws li txoj cai, lyre-pinnate-sib cais, ntsuab, tab sis ntawmnyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus - tag nrho, tsis muaj, tab sis tsis amplex thiab bluish nyob rau hauv cov xim.
Cov inflorescence ntawm sarepstka mustard yog txhuam zoo li raceme uas sai sai elongates thaum lub sij hawm flowering. Plaub-dimensional perianth yog tsim los ntawm spaced sepals, ib tug golden-daj corolla thiab petals, sai sai tapering rau hauv ib tug ntsia thawv. Sarep mustard muaj 6 stamens, ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab luv, nrog cov qog me me ntawm lub hauv paus; nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ob qhov ntev muaj ib daim hlau loj. Cov pistil muaj ob lub zes qe menyuam thiab ib qho capitate stigma.
Mustard txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug linear, nyias, knobby pod, 7 mus rau 12 mm ntev. Cov noob yog hais txog 1 mm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb thiab tuaj yeem yog xim dub-grey lossis xim av lossis daj daj. Sarepta mustard blooms nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripens nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj.
Nws ntsib qhov twg?
Sarepta mustard hlob sparsely hauv Central Asia, Northern China, Mongolia thiab Southern Siberia. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw steppe thiab hauv cov av pov tseg, nyob ze ntawm txoj kev. Qhov txawv ntawm haiv neeg thiab qus mustard yog qhov nyuaj heev. Cov nroj tsuag tuaj rau Russia los ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog flax thiab millet noob coj mus rau hauv Lower Volga cheeb tsam, tab sis cov neeg hauv zos tau tswj xyuas cov roj cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab lawv pib loj hlob nws. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm sown cheeb tsam ntawm oilseeds, nws yog Sarepta mustard uas occupies peb qhov chaw (siv, ntau yam thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no). Tsis deb ntawm lub zosSarepta txawm qhib thawj mustard thiab roj zeb hauv 1810.
Sarepta mustard: microscopy
Nyob rau hauv cov noob, muaj ib lub tev thiab lub embryo, muaj suab paj nruag tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg, los yog endosperm. Ntawm ib sab, koj tuaj yeem pom ob peb tus nees nees-puab cotyledons thiab lub hauv paus puag ncig.
Sarepta mustard (microscopy lees paub qhov no) muaj plaub txheej. Cov hlwb loj uas tsis muaj xim uas muaj cov hnoos qeev ua rau txheej txheej sab nrauv, lossis cov epidermis. Qhov no yog ua raws li cov hlwb nyias-walled loj heev uas swell thaum reetting thiab xyaum ua rau cov noob qhuav.
Cov hlwb ntawm peb, sclerenchymal txheej muaj cov qauv zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv lub transverse seem, lawv cov wavy cim yog pom, qhov no yog vim qhov tsis sib xws qhov siab, txawm tias maj mam nce los yog txo. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas rau pitting ntawm lub nto ntawm cov noob.
Tangential elongated hlwb, uas muaj xim av xim, tsim plaub txheej - lub tev, ua raws li endosperm. Tab sis cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub embryo yog sawv cev los ntawm nyias-walled hlwb uas muaj roj fatty thiab aleurone nplej.
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Cov noob ntawm Sarepta mustard muaj cov roj tseem ceeb thiab allyl mustard, potassium bisulfate thiab sinigrin glycoside, uas tau tawg mus rau hauv qabzib los ntawm enzyme myrosin. Mustard tseem ceeb roj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov noob fermented los ntawm chav distillation. Cov khoom uas tshwm sim tsis muaj ntau tshaj 40% allyl mustard roj thiab mus txog50% crotonyl mustard, nrog rau cyanallyl, kab ntawm carbon disulfide thiab dimethyl sulfide. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv lub tseem ceeb mustard roj ntawm ib tug me ntsis qhuav fatty roj, muaj xws li erucic, oleic, linoleic, lub teeb cenoic, linolenic, myristic thiab behenic acids, mucus thiab proteins. Cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj carotene, ascorbic acid, calcium thiab hlau ntsev.
Sarepta mustard: cultivation
Cov nroj tsuag loj hlob zoo hauv xoob, fertile thiab zoo-drained av, ntxiv rau, kev nkag mus rau hnub ci yog tsim nyog. Mustard sareptskaya propagates (kev piav qhia, microscopy, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog muab saum toj no) los ntawm cov noob, nws yog ntshaw kom tseb lawv nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Raws li txoj cai, thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua sov yog xaiv rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
Sowing mustard noob yog nqa tawm sai li sai tau. Lub paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwm sim nyob rau lub Rau Hli-Lub Xya Hli, zoo li lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg cabbage. Los ntawm sowing ua ntej, lub rosette ntawm nplooj yuav tshwm sim ua ntej lub sij hawm ntev, thiab cov yub yuav raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cruciferous fleas.
Nws tsis tas yuav faib cov txaj cais rau kev loj hlob mustard, nws kuj loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv aisles. Cov noob yog sown rau qhov tob ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 1 cm, sai li sai tau thaum thawj nplooj tshwm, cov yub yuav tsum tau thinned tawm kom muaj kev ncua deb ntawm 5 mus rau 8 cm ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd, fertilizing nrog nitrogen chiv thiab. watering yuav tsum. Hauv txog 20 hnub, Sarepta mustard yuav ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 10-15 cm thiab yuav npaj rau.kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Kaw cov txheeb ze ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cabbage, watercress, radish, turnip, swede, radish, rapeseed, lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav rapeseed. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum npaj cog cov noob. Cov cheeb tsam uas oilseed flax, millet, sunflower lossis beet tau loj hlob yav dhau los tsis haum rau kev loj hlob mustard.
Yuav khaws thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv li cas?
Sareptskaya mustard, los yog nws cov noob, yog npaj txhij rau sau thaum lub pods nyob rau hauv qis thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau ripened, thiab cov nplooj qis tau pib tuag.
Cov nyom yuav tsum ua ntej kom qhuav thiab ua tib zoo threshed thiab ntxuav cov noob. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau tawg nyob rau hauv ib txheej nyias ntawm ib lub pallet thiab qhuav nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo-ventilated. Txhawm rau ua kom cov khoom nyoos qhuav zoo dua, nws tuaj yeem tig los yog nplawm.
Cov noob txiv maj phaub qhuav raug xa mus rau lub hnab ntaub. Nws raug nquahu kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hauv lub xeev raug tshem tawm hauv chav cua thiab qhuav kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Cov noob txiv maj phaub muaj lub neej txee 2 xyoos, yog li sim siv lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog tias cov khoom nyoos tseem tshuav, nws yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Tsis pom zoo cov noob tas sij hawm.
Mustard as fertilizer
Sarepta mustard tuaj yeem siv los ua cov nroj tsuag tshiab uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov av kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov organic teeb meem. Qhov no siderate:
- muaj peev xwm tshem tawm thaj tsam ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov av cog qoob loo.
- Ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom noj qab haus huv zoo, tiv thaiv slugs, wireworms thiab codling npauj, tiv thaiv qhov tsos ntawm lig blight thiab scab ntawm qos yaj ywm.
- Npaj biomass ntawm nrawm nrawm, vim tias cov av tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv tau zoo.
- Txhim kho av qauv. Cov hauv paus hniav mustard, ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm 1.5-3 meters, loosen thiab ntws cov av zoo, uas muab cov dej noo zoo heev thiab huab cua muaj peev xwm.
- Traps nitrogen hauv av thiab hloov lwm cov as-ham rau hauv cov organic teeb meem, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev khiav mus rau txheej tob.
- Raws li cov daus, cov nroj tsuag ntsuab hloov mus ua mulch, uas, tig, tiv thaiv cov av los ntawm khov rau lub caij nplooj zeeg-lub caij ntuj no.
Ntau yam ntawm mustard
Nyob rau hauv kev sau npe ntawm kev yug me nyuam ua tiav ntawm Lavxias Federation, 9 ntau yam ntawm Sarepta mustard tau sau npe, pom zoo siv:
- Freckle - thaum ntxov ripe, nrog ib nrab kis rosette, ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 25-28 cm.
- Mustard sarepta yoj. Technical maturity tuaj nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis. Thaum ntxov ripe ntau yam nrog me ntsis sprawling, loj, upright rosette, ncav cuag 25-32 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb.
- Arigato.
- Okay. Technical maturity tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 58-60 hnub.
- Mustang yog ib nrab-season ntau yam, cov nroj tsuag ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 25-27 cm.
- Sadko.
- Nyob zoo. Kev sau cov zaub ntsuab tuaj yeem pib rau hnub 18-20 tom qabkev tshwm sim.
- Prima.
- Zoo.
Khaub siv
Sarepta mustard tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua noj. Nws ua rau ib qho zoo heev ntsim seasoning uas txhim kho saj ntawm ntau cov tais diav. Mustard hmoov yog siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm mayonnaise, ntau yam kua ntsw thiab hnav khaub ncaws. Crushed noob ntxiv tsw rau sausages thiab lwm yam khoom noj.
Cov khoom noj kaus poom uas muaj cov hmoov mustard kav ntev dua. Lub rooj mustard feem ntau yog muab ntxiv rau cov ntses thiab nqaij tais, nrog rau cov nqaij haus luam yeeb.
Cov roj mustard, vim nws saj zoo, yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog hauv kev ua noj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom bakery thiab tsim cov khoom noj hauv kaus poom. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij ua zaub mov hauv ntau lub tebchaws, qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws seasoning rau zaub nyoos, taum tais, nqaij thiab ntses.
Mustard hmoov yog ib feem ntawm cov kua ntses ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev: "Kubansky", "Amateur" thiab "Southern". Cov tub ntxhais hluas mustard zaub ntsuab, thaum ntxiv rau zaub xam lav, tsis tsuas yog txhawb lawv nrog vitamin C, tab sis txhim kho lawv saj.
Lwm yam siv
Sarepta mustard tau pom daim ntawv thov tsis yog hauv kev ua noj hauv tsev xwb, tab sis kuj yog tshuaj. Rubbing roj los ntawm cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog siv rau mob khaub thuas, inflammatory kab mob ntawm lub bronchi, peripheral paj hlwb, pleurisy, rheumatism, myositis thiab sciatica.
Y Mustard pomace yog siv los ua raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov phytin, uasNws raug sau tseg hauv kev kho mob ntawm neurasthenia, scrofula, vascular hypotension thiab diathesis. Cov tshuaj muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev sib deev tsis muaj zog thiab tsis qab los noj mov.
