Ib tug tsuas yog xav tsis thoob txog qhov kev lag luam kev tsim kho tshiab tau tsim sai npaum li cas. Tsuas yog txog thaum tsis ntev los no, cov cement-xuab zeb ua vaj tse tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab tsis tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho, ob qho tib si kev lag luam thiab vaj tsev nyob. Niaj hnub no, raws li cov khoom siv cement, cov mortars tshiab tau tsim ua kom zoo dua rau cov cement-sand pob zeb zoo tib yam.
Pab hauv kev tsim kho
Yuav ua tsev li cas los ntawm koj txhais tes, kom nws yuav pab tau koj cov xeeb ntxwv thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Niaj hnub no, kev tsim kho zoo tsis yog pheej yig heev, tab sis nws yuav tsim nyog los ntawm nws cov kav ntev yog tias koj tso lub tsev ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Thawj theem ntawm kev tso lub tsev, nrog rau ib lub cib, yog kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha. Yeej, ib lub hauv paus sib sib zog nqus yog tsim los siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no. Tab sis ua ntej tso lub tsevKev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev tau ua los tsim lub hauv paus - pob zeb-sand cushion.
Kev xaiv ntawm lub hauv paus tsim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm yuav ua li cas ncuav lub hauv paus hauv qab lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm geodetic thiab geological ntsuas ntawm cov av ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov av nyuaj, lub hauv paus loj me me yog nruab, thiab ntawm cov av mos, xuab zeb lossis ntub dej, yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj khov dua nrog kev txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov qis. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tsim hauv paus rau tus kheej ib-zaj dab neeg thiab ntau lub tsev. Qhov no yog ib daim kab xev, thiab ib pawg, thiab ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog ib tug nruam ncuav ntawm tag nrho cov hauv paus. Raws li twb tau hais lawm, tus qauv tsim yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov ntsuas geodetic ntawm cov av ntawm thaj av.
pob zeb-sand cushion foundation
Feem ntau, txhua lub tsev muaj ob ntu - hauv av thiab hauv av. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam geological nws tau txiav txim siab tias cov av ntawm cov av tsis yog ib qho nyuaj txaus, ces yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub tsev. Yog tias tsis muab hauv qab daus, tag nrho cheeb tsam rau lub tsev yog tob me ntsis nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes thiab npog nrog thawj txheej ntawm pob zeb loj.
txheej thib ob yog ntim nrog cov pob zeb lossis xuab zeb zoo dua, uas yuav ua kom qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm pob zeb loj. Qhov saum npoo ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam hauv qab lub tsev yog leveled nrog ib txheej txheej zoo gravel. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, ntxiv rau cov xuab zeb npog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim ib lub pob zeb ntxiv rau lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho lub tsev. Muab tso rau saum npoo ntawm cov xuab zeb txheejhlau reinforcement mesh. Lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha yog tsim rau lub tsev hnyav cib thiab subfloor. Txhawm rau tsim ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov av uas tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov av hauv qab qhov chaw khov thiab sau lub qhov nrog ob peb txheej ntawm pob zeb thiab pob zeb, nrog rau cov xuab zeb, uas yuav compact lub pob zeb cushion thiab tsim ib lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau tom qab pouring. lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nrog koj txhais tes.
Foundation waterproofing
Raws li qhov tseeb tias lub hauv paus yog hauv av nyob rau hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej noo thiab dej hauv av, nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov no. Waterproofing yuav tiv thaiv lub hauv qab ntawm lub tsev los ntawm noo noo, uas yog ua puas rau yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov cement thiab xuab zeb. Ib tug waterproofing khoom yog pw nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub excavated trench. Tab sis nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev tsim kho, lub Megatron additive yog tov rau hauv cov pob zeb tov, uas muab cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais cov khoom zoo ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb nrog rau siab te thiab ya raws.
Ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo yog nthuav tawm ntawm lub khw niaj hnub. fused thiab non-fused films, bituminous thiab polymeric sawv daws yuav nyiam heev. Muaj ntau ntau cov kua dej tsis muaj dej mastics. Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho cov phab ntsa nrog cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo, cov dej tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov kav dej uas ntws hauv av. Cov pas dej da dej thiab qhov chaw dig muag nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv av.
cov khoom siv vov tsev bitumen
Bituminous vov tsev cov khoom siv zoo yog siv los ua cov dej tsis zoo. Tom qab lub hauv paus tau txhim kho thiab cov formwork tshem tawm, cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog tiv thaiv los ntawm dej thiab ya raws nrog bituminous waterproofing mastic. Nws coats sab nrauv thiab sab hauv phab ntsa ob peb zaug. Txhua txheej ntawm waterproofing mastic yog thov tom qab ziab. Nyob rau hauv cov av uas muaj dej noo, ntxiv waterproofing ntawm phab ntsa yog nqa tawm siv bituminous vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv los yog PVC waterproofing films. Bituminous vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm impregnation ntawm cardboard los xij nrog polyester fiberglass thiab cellulose tshuaj. Polyester fibers yog dej-resistant, tsim kua muag-resistant thiab kub-resistant.
hom khoom vov tsev nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj polyester cov ntawv los ntawm cov ntawv yog impregnated nrog:
- Rubemast yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov duab los qhia.
- Euroroofing khoom yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws ua rau cov dej tsis zoo.
- Cov khoom siv-ru tsev-tus xov tooj - cardboard impregnated nrog cov khoom roj, uas yog txau rau ntawm ob sab.
- Cov khoom siv iav vov tsev - fiberglass impregnated nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws polyester.
Ntxhais hmoob movie tawm tshiab
Rau dej tsis muaj dej, zaj duab xis yog glued rau ntawm phab ntsa nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej kom tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus, pib los ntawm hauv qab. Rau txhim khu kev qha waterproofing, nws yog ntshaw kom txuas cov waterproofing zaj duab xis nteg nyob rau hauv qab nrog ib tug uas yog glued mus rau sab phab ntsa. Rau fastening waterproofing cov ntaub ntawv, waterproofing yog siv.nplaum mastic raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Tightness nyob rau hauv waterproofing ua hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev. Kev tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm dej thiab noo noo muaj ob peb yam ntxwv cuam tshuam nrog cov cheeb tsam uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv dej. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev niaj hnub muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj dej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, uas feem ntau yog hauv av. Waterproofing yog nqa tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter siv waterproofing mastics los yog bituminous ru tsev ntaub.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm insulating zaj duab xis.
- Shrink qhwv.
- BOPP zaj duab xis waterproof.
- YPolyethylene ua npuas ncauj.
- daim kab xev.
- PVC\PE zaj duab xis.
- YPlasticized zaj duab xis.
- Npua qhwv.
Hauv kev tsim kho hauv paus, cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis muaj dej yog siv los thaiv qhov hauv av thiab lub ru tsev. Rau waterproofing lub hauv paus, ib tug yob zaj duab xis yog tsuas yog siv, uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li kev tiv thaiv dej hauv av. Qhov no yog ib txheej nruab nrab ntawm cov av thiab cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo, lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov pob zeb ua vaj tse.
dej tsis qab mastic
Yog mastic siv los tiv thaiv dej, ces nws yuav tsum tau coated nrog nws nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej nrog txhua txheej kom qhuav. Thaum siv cov vov tsev muaj kev tiv thaiv dej, cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yog sib tshooj thiab ua ke nrog cov nplaum nplaum thiab nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum. Tib yam muaj tseeb rau lwm cov ntsiab lus yoglub hauv paus rau lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm lawv tus kheej tes. Qhov no yog ru tsev waterproofing, thiab waterproofing ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog siv rau insulate phab ntsa, pem teb thiab pem teb. Tab sis rau cov ntaub ntawv polyvinyl chloride, zaj duab xis thiab daim nyias nyias uas siv rau lub ru tsev waterproofing, ntxiv rau qhov nruj ntawm lawv cov txheej, qhov cua ntawm qhov chaw uas condensed noo noo yog khaws cia. Rau qhov no, ventilated facades thiab ru tsev yog tsim, thaum muaj qhov cua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev thiab cov flooring, los ntawm cov cua circulates kom qhuav cov ya raws condensed rau saum npoo ntawm zaj duab xis.
Waterproofing mastics rau hnub no nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev ua dej tsis zoo. Lawv txoj kev yooj yim yog qhov nyuaj-rau-mus txog qhov chaw tuaj yeem tiv thaiv dej nrog mastic. Yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub hauv paus sawb rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, ces waterproofing mastic yog siv los tiv thaiv hauv qab daus thiab lwm qhov chaw. Muaj ntau hom khoom siv zoo li no. Qhov no yog kua membrane, Technikol mastic, bitumen thiab polymer mastic.
pob zeb ua lub hauv paus formwork
Tsim lub hauv paus formwork rau ib lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes muaj tus qauv zoo. Rau formwork, ntev boards nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 40 mm los yog ntau tshaj yog xaiv. Cov ntaub thaiv npog yog tsim los ntawm lawv, uas tau ntxiv dag zog nrog ntoo slats ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsawg kawg yog ib meter. Yog hais tias cov laug cam nrog ib qho me me yog siv rau cov laug cam, ces cov fastening strips yog muab tso rau ntau ntom ntom kom tiv thaiv lub formwork board los ntawm dabtsi yog khoov nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov cement mortar. Formwork panels yog ntsia rau hauv lub trench nyob rau hauv ib tug nruam kab rawslub voj voog. Ntawm cov ces kaum, lawv tau koom nrog qhov kawg nrog kev sib tshooj thiab txuas nrog cov ntsia hlau loj lossis tus kheej tapping screws. Rau ntxiv fastening ntawm cov formwork panels, cov ceg txheem ntseeg yog siv uas nkag mus tob rau hauv av raws tag nrho cov perimeter los ntawm sab nraum lub formwork.
Kev ua kom muaj zog rau sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus formwork rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yuav fastened nrog ib tug transverse crossbar uas txuas cov ceg txheem ntseeg sib ntsib. Lawv tuav lub formwork panels, txhawb rau sab nraud los ntawm txoj kab nqes, uas abut ib kawg tiv thaiv ceg txheem ntseeg, thiab lwm yam tawm tsam hauv av. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov formwork los ntawm compression sab hauv, nrog rau tag nrho cov perimeter, spacer tuav yog ntsia nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Ntxiv nrog rau cov laug cam, lwm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov formwork.
Tseem muaj cov txheej txheem npaj ua tiav ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau rau lawv rov siv dua. Qee lub sij hawm, thaum tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, siv cov formwork uas tsis yog tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyvinyl chloride, los ntawm cov txheej txheem npaj ua tiav uas tau tsim los sib txuas, uas tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke uas muaj zog rau pouring qhob.. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm PVC formwork ib txhij ua ib lub ntsej muag thiab waterproofing khoom.
Npaj ua haujlwm rau nchuav lub hauv paus
Nrog rau kev daws teeb meem ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho los ntawm ib tus neeg cov khoom xyaw, lossis nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke npaj rau hauv kev lag luam autoclaves, peb sau lub hauv paus hauv ntau theem. Thawj yog kev npaj thiab kev tsim khoformwork. Rau nws, boards, plywood shields thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv yog siv, los ntawm uas koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug muaj zog chute rau pouring qhob
Thib ob - rov qab ntim hauv qab ntawm lub trench nrog lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion. Yuav ua li cas lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ncuav nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes los tsim ib tug txhim khu kev qha foundation kom tom qab ob peb xyoos lub hauv paus tsis ntab? Yuav tsum ua raws li kev cai dab tsi? Raws li ib tug backfill rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub sawb foundation rau lub tsev, peb sau nrog chipped thiab cobblestone, chipped cib thiab gravel nrog peb tus kheej tes. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench, ua ntej backfilling, peb nteg ob peb txheej ntawm waterproofing zaj duab xis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tau muab tso rau hauv cov av noo raws cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus tiav lawm.
Tom ntej no yuav muaj cov lus qhia ua ntu zus:
- Khawb ib lub trench mus rau qhov tob hauv qab khov los ntawm 0.5 m.
- Tsim lub hauv paus formwork rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes.
- Txoj kev tiv thaiv hauv qab, yog dej nyab
- Tawm lub trench nrog lub pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion, kom lub sijhawm ua haujlwm koj tsis tas yuav ua ntau zaus tom qab tsim tsev.
- Kev npaj cov pob zeb zoo nkauj, yog tias koj tab tom ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes.
cov lus qhia ib ntus yuav pab koj nkag siab zoo dua txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Cement mortar rau pouring foundation
Cov khoom xws li cov cement thiab gravel yog siv los ua pob zeb. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, qee zaum cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau ntxiv rau hauv cov tshuaj khib kom muab cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ntau dua qhov zoo thiab ua kom muaj zog.ya raws. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov pob zeb tov rau qhov kub thiab txias, ua ntej pouring lub hauv paus, muab ntxiv ntxiv uas ua rau kom Frost tsis kam ntawm cov khoom. Rau kev npaj cov cement mortar, qib siab ntawm cov cement yog siv, tsis qis dua M400. Qhov kev faib ua feem yog xam raws li nram no: 1 feem ntawm cov cement rau 1.6 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab 3.2 feem ntawm cov pob zeb crushed.
Qib siab ntawm cov cement, cov xuab zeb ntau dua. Thaum tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov lus qhia ua ntu zus ua ntej. Peb npaj pob zeb rau pouring nyob rau hauv nyias ntim. Yog tias tsis ntxiv dej, cement thiab xuab zeb sib tov kom txog thaum lub homogeneous qhuav huab hwm coj tsim. Tom qab sib tov, cov dej ntshiab yog ntxiv rau hauv ib qho me me kom txog rau thaum lub tuab, khov loj tsim. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nchuav thiab kho lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog nqa tawm ib txhij nyob rau hauv lub perimeter ntawm lub tsev. Ib qho hluav taws xob vibrator yog siv los ua kom cov dej ntws tawm. Thaum tsis muaj cov cuab yeej no, kev cog lus ua vaj tse yog ua tiav manually siv tus pas hlau nrog lub taub hau tuab.
Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tso lub hauv paus yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov khov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qab khov ntawm 0.5 meters. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv hauv qab daus thiab lub tsev los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm Frost. Ib yam tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv dej hauv av. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub geology ntawm qhov chaw muaj cov dej hauv av tau tshwm sim, ces nws yog ib advisable mus ua ib tug dej ntws system nyob rau hauv lub qis qis.qhov chaw ntawm lub trench. Cov kwj deg tau muab tso rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau cov dej ntws hauv av, npog lub tsev, nrog cov dej ntws tawm sab nraum lub tsev. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej sawb lub hauv paus rau lub tsev yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog lub pob zeb ua ke nrog cov qib siab ntawm cov cement zoo. Thaum siv cov kab teeb tiav monolithic, txhim khu kev qha ob lossis triple waterproofing ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov kab kab rov tav thiab ntsug yog xav tau.
Yuav ua li cas ncuav lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes? Thaum lub trench tau backfilled, ib daim tshev yog ua los ntawm fastening ntawm formwork. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov pob zeb ua pob zeb los ntawm squeezing tawm cov laug cam, cov formwork ntxiv ntxiv nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub formwork. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug loj, ntau-storey tsev, pob zeb yog ntxiv dag zog rau siv qhov cuab lub zog. Rau formwork nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus sawb, boards ntawm tsawg kawg yog 40 mm tuab yog xav tau. Hais txog qhov ntev, qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv formwork, qhov nrawm dua thiab zoo dua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub formwork.
pob zeb rau pouring strip foundations
Tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv zoo tsis yog rau kev tso phab ntsa xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm pab. Rau formwork, shields yog fastened mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus. Lub formwork yuav tsum yog ib tug muaj zog ntoo trough rau hauv uas pob zeb yog poured. Txhawm rau kom cov kev daws teeb meem tsis txhob tawg lub formwork mus rau sab, ob sab ntawm nws yog fastened nrog jumpers thiab spacers los ntawm sab hauv. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntaub thaiv npog, txuas ntxiv txuas nrog txoj kab nqes nqes ntawm ob sab ntawm daim ntawv yog siv, cov ntaub thaiv npog tau txais kev txhawb nqa oblique. ATtus tsim gutter yog nchuav nrog ib tug mortar ntawm qhob sib tov ntawm cement thiab xuab zeb.
Proportion of cement, gravel, xuab zeb
- Qhob qib 100 - 1:4, 1:6, 1 (M400 cement, xuab zeb, gravel).
- Concrete 200 - 1:2, 5:4, 2 (M400 cement, xuab zeb, gravel).
- Concrete 300 - 1; 1, 7: 3, 2 (M400 cement, xuab zeb, gravel).
- Concrete 400 - 1: 1, 1: 2, 4 (M400 cement, xuab zeb, gravel).
Rau qib 500 cement, cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb tau nce los ntawm 1, 1. Raws li, rau qib M300 cement, cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb yuav raug txo los ntawm 1, 2. Yog tias koj xav tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus. rau ib lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntawm ob peb plag tsev, nws yog ua los ntawm ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus nrog ib tug hlau reinforcing mesh welded los ntawm reinforcement nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 20-25 mm.
Foundation on pawg
Lub hauv paus ua-nws-koj tus kheej ntawm lub tsev (pile foundation) yog kev lag luam thiab siv tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov av tsis muaj zog, thaum muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov dej hauv av ntau. Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau yam thev naus laus zis los tsim lub hauv paus pawg. Yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes los ntawm lub hauv paus? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau hais txog kev tsim kho ntawm pawg hauv paus ntawm kev npaj tsim muaj cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, ua thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, thaum lawv tsim los ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab nchuav pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.
Rau cov pob zeb, cov pits tau khawb qhov tsawg kawg yog 1.5 m tob raws li ib puag ncig ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhia hauv qhov project. Drilling qhov rau pawg tuaj yeem ua nrog lub vaj laum lossis manually. Hauv txhuadug pit, formwork yog tsim rau pawg mus rau qhov siab xav tau. Lub formwork yog ntxiv dag zog nrog cov nqes hav thiab braces. Hauv qab ntawm txhua lub qhov dej yog them nrog dej gravel tov nrog coarse xuab zeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv pawg los ntawm cov dej hauv av, txhua pawg yog waterproofed. Rau qhov no, siv cov yeeb yaj kiab los yog cov khoom siv vov tsev bituminous. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj av noo siab, waterproofing ntawm pawg yog nqa tawm tom qab lawv tag nrho manufactured. Txhua pawg yog coated nrog mastic thiab khi nrog ib tug zaj duab xis los yog ru tsev xav, thiab ces lub ncig ntawm lub qhov yog npog nrog dej gravel los yog coarse xuab zeb.
Metal piles "Fundex"
Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab ua tau zoo ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes (nrog cov lus qhia ua ntu zus) ntawm Fundex ntsia hlau pawg. Lawv, zoo li screws, yog twisted mus rau ib tug txaus qhov tob los tsim ib tug txhim khu kev qha kev txhawb nqa. Cov hniav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsia hlau pawg tsis loosen cov av, tab sis compact thiab tsim kom ruaj ntseg fastening ntawm pawg nyob rau hauv tej av.
Fundex ntsia hlau pawg yog lub hauv paus zoo rau lub tsev. Lawv yog coated nrog ib tug anti-corrosion ob-tivthaiv muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas tsis cuam tshuam thaum screwing pawg, uas guarantees ib puas xyoo kev ua haujlwm. Kev txhim kho cov ntsiab lus no tsis tas yuav muaj cov khoom siv. Txhua yam yog ua los ntawm tes hauv ib hnub ua haujlwm. Thaum tsim ib lub hauv paus sawb ntawm pawg, tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov loads ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov no yog qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev, thiab qhov buoyancy ntawm cov av thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av.
Cov pob zeb ua tau zoo dua tab sis xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntau dua. Rau cov pob zeb pob zeb thaum tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog lawv tus kheejob txhais tes, koj yuav tsum tau laum ib lub qhov txog li 30 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 2 m. Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ntiav, hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej yog them nrog gravel los yog crushed pob zeb raws li ib tug pob zeb cushion. Cov khob vov tsev yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov rau cov dej tsis muaj dej, cov khoom siv ntxiv yog muab tso rau hauv thiab nchuav nrog qhob mortar. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov pawg, lawv tau ntim nrog cov trench siv xuab zeb thiab pob zeb, uas lub formwork raug ntsia.
